TW201441360A - Low carbon liquid fuel composition - Google Patents

Abstract

A liquid fuel composition is provided. The liquid fuel composition comprises methanol, an ignition enhancer, a stabilizer and a heat transfer promoter, wherein the ignition enhancer is a high volatile hydrocarbon, the stabilizer is ketone, ether, a polymer with a molecular weight of less than about 5,000 Dalton, or combinations thereof, and the heat transfer promoter is soluble in water and having a thermal conductivity ranging from 0.20 to 0.65W/M-K, and wherein based on the weight of methanol, the ignition enhancer is in an amount of at least about 1wt%, the stabilizer is in an amount of 0 to about 5 wt%, and the heat transfer promoter is in an amount of 0 to about 15 wt%. The liquid fuel composition can provide an easy and instant ignition and enable a continuous and stable combustion.

Description

Low carbon liquid fuel composition

This invention relates to a liquid fuel composition, and more particularly to an ignitable methanol fuel composition, particularly for use in an oven having an electric igniter.

It is known that methanol is a convenient and safe fuel for automobile and motorcycle use in addition to being used as a solvent and for producing plastics, paints, explosives, and textiles. Compared to other gaseous fuels or liquid fuels, methanol and carbon dioxide produced by the combustion nitride (NO _x) less recognized as a clean fuel. In addition, methanol has a low vapor pressure and a high specific gravity, so the risk of ignition is low. Furthermore, since the methanol molecule contains oxygen atoms, it can promote sufficient combustion, thereby providing high density energy, wherein the liquid methanol has an energy density of 15,476 kilojoules per liter, and natural gas and gaseous LPG (liquefied petroleum gas). Only 36 kilojoules per liter and 91 kilojoules per liter, respectively. Therefore, liquid methanol fuel has been widely used in internal combustion engines in the Indianapolis Race (Indy-500) since 1964.

In the past, when methanol fuel was used, in order to reduce the cost of fuel, some water was usually added. In addition, in order to increase the calorific value of the fuel (the so-called "heat value" refers to the energy released by completely burning 1 kg or 1 liter of material), Oil will be added. The use of the aforementioned water and/or oil adds uniqueness to the methanol fuel itself. For example, in China, 4% of jatropha oil (tung tree oil) has been tried in methanol to increase the calorific value, but odor is generated during the combustion process, and it is easy to have waste residue and white smoke after the end of combustion. It is harmful to human health and the environment. It has been found that when oil is added to methanol, the flame generated during combustion is usually reddish yellow, showing incomplete combustion and black residue.

In addition, when household stoves use liquid methanol as a fuel, they face the problem of not easily igniting, using a flame igniter such as an open flame, or even taking about 30 to 50 seconds or even longer to ignite. It is quite inconvenient to use.

In view of this, the industry still needs a liquid methanol fuel that can perform complete combustion while providing a stable and continuous flame. The inventors of the present invention have found that the methanol fuel provided by adding a combustion enhancer in methanol can be quickly ignited and smoothly burned without using an open flame, especially for a stove using an electronic igniter. .

It is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid fuel composition comprising: methanol; a combustion improver which is a highly volatile hydrocarbon; a stabilizer which is a ketone, an ether having a molecular weight of less than about 5,000. The accumulation of the ear And a heat exchange improver which is a highly thermally conductive substance which is soluble in methanol and has a thermal conductivity of from 0.20 to 0.65 W/M-K.

In the liquid fuel composition of the present invention, the ignition improver is present in an amount of at least about 1% by weight based on the weight of the methanol, the stabilizer is present in an amount of from 0 to about 5% by weight, and the heat exchange enhancer is present in the composition. 0 to about 15% by weight. Wherein, the light-off improver is preferably selected from the group consisting of liquid petroleum gas (LPG), propane, butane, pentane, hexane, petroleum, kerosene, diesel, and combinations thereof.

In the liquid fuel compositions of the present invention, more stable combustion can be provided if a stabilizer is present, the stabilizer being a ketone, an ether, a polymer having a molecular weight of less than about 5,000 amps, or a combination thereof. Preferably, the stabilizer is present in an amount of from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight, based on the weight of the methanol. In addition, in the liquid fuel composition of the present invention, if a heat exchange enhancer is present, the net thermal conductivity of the gaseous fluid in the flame can be improved, and the thermal efficiency of the fuel can be improved, and the heat exchange enhancer is soluble in one. A high thermal conductivity material with methanol and a thermal conductivity of 0.20 to 0.65 W/MK. Preferably, the heat exchange enhancer is present in an amount of from about 1% by weight to about 15% by weight, based on the weight of the methanol.

The detailed technical content and some of the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in the following, and the present invention will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art.

The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. The present invention may be practiced in various different forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. . In addition, the terms "a", "an" and "the" The present invention provides a liquid fuel composition characterized in that at least an additional combustion enhancer is added to methanol, the light-off improver is a highly volatile hydrocarbon, and the content of the light-off enhancer is based on the weight of the methanol. At least about 1% by weight.

It is known that in order to ignite a fuel, the gas phase concentration of the fuel must be higher than its lower flammability limit (LFL) and lower than its upper flammability limit (UFL), while supplying a combustible energy. The temperature of the gaseous fuel is exceeded to exceed the automatic light-off temperature, so that the activation is continuously performed at the high temperature and continuously burned. In the case of methanol, the boiling point is 64.5 ° C, so it is liquid at normal temperature, and the energy required to convert liquid methanol into gaseous methanol is 1,180 kJ / kg (ie, heat of vaporization); under sufficient vaporization energy, when When the gas phase concentration of methanol exceeds its LFL (ie 7.3%, see CLYaws, Chemical Properties Handbook, p. 563), methanol can be ignited if the minimum light-off energy required for methanol (ie 0.13 mJ) is provided; The heat of combustion released by the combustion of gaseous methanol can provide heat to liquid methanol for vaporization, thereby producing more gaseous methanol, and Continue to activate more oxygen atoms into oxygen radicals for oxidation in the combustion reaction chain to sustain the flame.

However, the flash point of methanol (refers to the lowest temperature at which the vapor volatilized by the flammable liquid is mixed with air to form a flammable mixture and reaches a certain concentration, which can ignite when exposed to a fire source) is about 11 ° C, when the ambient temperature is low. At or near this flash point, methanol is difficult to vaporize to its LFL. In addition, even at room temperature, when liquid methanol flows to the burner head of the oven, it usually does not have sufficient time to absorb enough energy to vaporize and reach its LFL. Therefore, based on practical experience, in an operating environment of 18 ° C, it usually takes about 30 to 50 seconds to generate sufficient methanol gas phase concentration to achieve continuous combustion after reaching its LFL.

The inventors of the present invention have found that adding a small amount of light-off enhancer (i.e., a highly volatile hydrocarbon) to methanol can improve the problem that methanol is not easily ignited and shorten the light-off time. As used herein, "highly volatile hydrocarbons" generally refers to hydrocarbons having a vapor pressure greater than about 15 kPa under a standard condition (20 ° C and 1 atm). Further, the "highly volatile hydrocarbons" used herein have relatively low flash point, heat of vaporization and/or LFL values compared to methanol.

Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the light-burning improver used in the liquid fuel composition of the present invention can be dissolved in liquid methanol in a small amount to form a uniform fuel mixture, when the liquid fuel composition flows through the combustion head of the furnace. When dissolved, the highly volatile hydrocarbons are more easily vaporized due to their low flash point and low heat of vaporization and are easier to reach LFL due to their low LFL. The electronic lighter can be used together to supply the light-off energy to make the liquid fuel The composition can be quickly ignited and burned continuously without waiting for a sufficient amount of methanol to vaporize to reach the desired gas phase concentration. On the other hand, since the light-off improver used is a highly volatile hydrocarbon, a partial pressure can be provided in a container (e.g., a storage tank) for storing the liquid fuel composition of the present invention, which contributes to the push of the methanol fuel feed. To the stove.

In the past, although it was taught to use an insoluble gas (such as air, nitrogen, or hydrogen) in a liquid fuel storage tank to provide partial pressure, the ignition improver as in the present invention may not be dissolved in the methanol fuel at least in a small amount to enhance the fuel. The light is on. Furthermore, in the case where it is known to use an insoluble gas to provide a partial pressure, as the liquid fuel is transported, the level of the fuel in the storage tank drops, and the volume of the space on the liquid surface increases, which makes the insoluble gas on the liquid surface The pressure provided is gradually elapsed (P=nRT/V). However, in the present invention, since the light-increasing agent is partially dissolved and stored in the liquid fuel to form a uniform solution, when the liquid fuel flows out of the storage tank and the volume of the liquid on the liquid surface increases, it is partially dissolved in the liquid fuel. The light-burning enhancer will volatilize to maintain a substantially constant pressure on the liquid surface, thereby eliminating the problem that the pressure in the storage tank is gradually fading.

The liquid fuel composition according to the present invention uses a highly volatile hydrocarbon having a low LFL, a low flash point and/or a low heat of vaporization as a light-off improver, usually in an amount dissolved in methanol (by weight of methanol) At least about 1% by weight of the compound, for example, may be selected from the group consisting of liquid petroleum gas (LPG), propane, butane, pentane, hexane, petroleum, kerosene, diesel, and combinations thereof. Preferably, LPG, butane and/or a combination thereof is used as a light-off enhancement in the liquid fuel composition of the present invention. Agent. Among them, under standard conditions, LPG has a vapor pressure of about 1400 kPa, a flash point of about -60 ° C, an LFL of about 1.9%, and a heat of vaporization of about 415 kJ/kg; and a vapor pressure of butane of about 172.3 thousand. The Pa, the flash point is about -60 ° C, the LFL is about 1.9%, and the heat of vaporization is about 387 kJ / kg.

In the present invention, the amount of the light-up improver used in the liquid fuel composition depends on various factors such as the type of the light-off improver, the operating pressure, and the ambient temperature. For example, the operating pressure of the methanol fuel stove is usually controlled within a range of 0.5 to 2 atmospheres of gauge pressure. If the ignition booster used has a lower boiling point or a higher ambient temperature, a relatively small amount is generally added. A lightening enhancer. In addition, when operated in a relatively low temperature environment (such as a subtropical or frigid country), the amount of ignition enhancer added will increase.

In the liquid fuel composition of the present invention, if the amount of the light-increasing agent added is too low, the effect of rapid light-off can not be exhibited. On the other hand, if the amount added is too high, the production cost is increased, and the burning is incompletely incompletely producing a red-yellow flame. (The burning should be completely blue flame). Thus, in accordance with the present invention, the ignition improver is typically added in an amount of at least about 1% by weight, such as from about 1% to about 8% by weight, based on the weight of methanol. In some embodiments of the invention, the ignition improver is present in an amount from about 4% to about 8% by weight of the methanol content.

In addition to the light-off improver, the liquid fuel composition of the present invention may optionally contain a stabilizer having a polarity between methanol and a light-off enhancer (ie, the stabilizer has a lower polarity than methanol but is more flammable) Improve agent high) to further enhance combustion quality. For example, a ketone, an ether, a polymer having a molecular weight of less than about 5,000 amps, or a combination thereof can be used as a stabilizer in the liquid fuel composition of the present invention. According to some embodiments of the present invention, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), dimethyl ether (DME), diethylene glycol (DEG), and poly(ethylene) having a molecular weight of less than about 5,000 ampoules are used. a diol (PEG), a polymer having a molecular weight of less than about 5,000 amphoteric and having a hydrophilic functional group on the backbone (such as polypropylene alcohol (PPG)), or a combination thereof as a stabilizer, wherein the hydrophilic functional group Selected from the group consisting of ether groups, ester groups, amine groups, carboxyl groups (-COOH), sulfhydryl groups (-SH), and combinations thereof. In some embodiments according to the present invention, acetone and/or methyl ethyl ketone is used as a stabilizer.

Specifically, in the liquid fuel composition of the present invention, the values of the flash point, heat of vaporization, and/or LFL of the "highly volatile hydrocarbons" as the light-off improver are relatively lower than those of methanol. Therefore, when the liquid fuel composition of the present invention is flowed to the combustion head, since the vaporization speed of methanol is slower than the vaporization speed of the ignition enhancer, especially in a high temperature operating environment, flame instability or sudden excessive growth may occur. The situation. In response to this problem, the inventors of the present invention have found that by adding a small amount of a stabilizer to stabilize the light-up enhancer in methanol, the above-mentioned flame instability defects can be avoided, and the combustion can be made smoother. Without being bound by theory, the stabilizer used by Xianxin to have a lower electron polarity than methanol can be used as a bridge between the ignition promoter (non-polar hydrocarbons) and methanol (polar substances) or Auxiliary agent, so that the high-volatility light-burning improver will not escape due to the rise or fall of the external temperature or pressure, and avoid the sudden excessive or unstable combustion flame. For example, at room temperature, if added 5% by weight LPG (light-burning improver) will produce LPG vapor pressure of 1.5 kg/cm 2 (absolute pressure of 2.5 kg/cm 2 ) in methanol, and the gauge pressure will drop after adding proper amount of acetone (stabilizer). It is 1.25 kg / cm ^ 2 . This shows that the addition of acetone can not only stabilize the LPG in methanol, but also slightly increase the amount of LPG dissolved in methanol, which is more conducive to the light-off of the fuel.

It has been found that in the fuel composition of the present invention, if the stabilizer content is too low, a stable effect cannot be provided, and if the content is too high, the fuel cost is increased and waste is caused, and the combustion-supporting effect of the light-off improver itself is more likely to be affected. . Accordingly, when a stabilizer is used in the fuel composition of the present invention, it is usually present in an amount of from about 0.5% by weight to about 5% by weight, based on the weight of the methanol, preferably from about 1% by weight to about 3% by weight. Incidentally, in a lower temperature operating environment (such as a cold zone), the chance of the ignition enhancer being lost is lower, so the amount of stabilizer may be reduced as needed.

The liquid fuel composition according to the present invention may further comprise a heat exchange enhancer as needed. It is known that when a methanol fuel is burned to form a flame, the fuel is oxidized to form most of the water vapor, carbon dioxide, and a small amount of unburned methanol fuel in the flame. When the methanol fuel is used to heat the pot or to heat the contents of the pot, the gaseous fluid in the flame forms a layer of thin layer along the bottom of the pot, and the thermal conductivity of the layer will affect the flame to The heat transfer of the pan, the higher the thermal conductivity of the thin layer, the higher the thermal efficiency of the fuel to the heated object. The inventors of the present invention have found that the addition of a heat exchange enhancer to the liquid fuel composition enhances the net thermal conductivity of the gaseous fluid in the flame. Improve the thermal efficiency of fuel.

Any suitable heat exchange enhancer can be used in accordance with the present invention. The heat exchange improver suitable for use in the present invention is generally selected from the group consisting of substances having the following specific properties: miscible with methanol, easy to vaporize, high heat transfer coefficient, and hard to remain on the stove or pan. Based on the use considerations, it is preferred to use a high heat transfer material which is soluble in methanol and has a heat transfer coefficient of 0.20 to 0.65 W/M-K as a heat exchange promoter. Preferably, the heat exchange enhancer is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, glycerin, ethylene diamine, water, and combinations thereof.

It should be noted that the amount of heat exchange enhancer added to the fuel composition of the present invention is controlled to prevent the heat exchange promoter from consuming too much heat released by combustion of the methanol fuel in the actual use of the fuel composition, thereby reducing combustion efficiency. . Taking water as an example, the heat of vaporization of water into water vapor is 2,367 kJ/kg (at 300K), which is almost twice that of methanol vaporization heat (1,180 kJ/kg, 300K), so water vaporization should be avoided. The effect takes up too much heat released by the combustion of methanol fuel, which in turn reduces the combustion efficiency. Accordingly, when a heat exchange enhancer is used in the composition of the present invention, the heat exchange promoter is usually added in an amount of from about 1% by weight to about 15% by weight, preferably from about 3% by weight to about 10% by weight based on the weight of the methanol. In the above-mentioned range of use, it is avoided that the heat exchange enhancer wastes too much heat in its vaporization, and at the same time, a high-efficiency flame-to-pot heat exchange can be achieved.

Further, the inventors of the present invention have unexpectedly found that when a highly heat-conductive liquid such as glycerin, ethylene glycol or water is used as a heat exchange promoter, the addition and use thereof are further reduced. Short light-off time function. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that this function is attributed to the reduced solubility of the light-up improver such as LPG in the aqueous methanol fuel, resulting in a decrease in the amount of the same amount of light-burning improver dissolved in the fuel storage tank. The pressure is increased, so when the fuel flows to the combustion head, the reduced ignition improver solubility causes the ignition enhancer to evaporate rapidly, increases the ignition initiation agent partial pressure and ignites, and quickly ignites the combustion of a larger amount of methanol, shortening Burning time.

According to the present invention, a light-increasing agent and an optional stabilizer and heat exchange improver are used in a liquid methanol fuel to provide a liquid fuel composition which can be quickly ignited and smoothly burned, and is used in various types of stoves, particularly It is a stove that uses an electronic igniter, such as a household gas stove. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a liquid fuel composition having the following composition and amount is used in a furnace: methanol and, by weight of methanol, from about 4% by weight to about 6% by weight of LPG. As the light-off enhancer, from about 1% by weight to about 3% by weight of methyl ethyl ketone is used as a stabilizer, and from about 3% by weight to about 10% by weight of water is used as a heat exchange enhancer.

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples. Of which The examples are provided by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. This hair The scope of protection is as shown in the attached patent application.

Example

The amount listed in Schedules 1 to 5 will be mixed with methanol and/or stabilizer, heat exchange enhancer and filled in a fuel storage tank, and then the ignition enhancer will be added to adjust the pressure in the storage tank to 0.2 to 1.5 kg. / square centimeter (gauge pressure). Next, will The water-filled pot is placed on a stove that is in communication with the fuel storage tank. Prior to the start of the formal experiment, adjust the flow control valve to set the fuel flow rate (F) (controlled at 10 to 20 grams per minute).

The fuel storage tank discharge port is opened, and the fuel flows through the flow control valve to reach the combustion head of the stove. At this time, the electronic ignition device is turned on to provide an electronic spark to ignite the fuel, and the flame is recorded to a smooth time and is defined as the light-off time θ. (in seconds).

Calculate the actually provided combustion heat energy Qc (in kilojoules) of the fuel consumed by heating the water to 95 ° C with a weight of W (W = 2 kg) using the following formula: Qc = F × ψ × △ H where F is the fuel Flow rate (in kilograms per second); ψ is the time (in seconds) at which the temperature of the water rises from room temperature RT (in °C) to 95 °C (ie, after the flame is stable, the pot with water is placed The calculation is started after the stove is turned on); △H is the heat of combustion of the fuel (in kilojoules per kilogram), and the combustion value of each fuel is as follows: LPG: 46,100

Butane: 49,600

Methyl ethyl ketone: 33,890

Methanol: 19,940

4% by weight of LPG dissolved in methanol: 20,980

8 wt% LPG dissolved in methanol: 22,030

4% by weight of butane dissolved in methanol: 21,126

2% by weight water is soluble in methanol and contains 4% by weight of LPG: 20,560

4% by weight of water is soluble in methanol and contains 4% by weight of LPG: 20,140

8 wt% water is soluble in methanol and contains 4 wt% LPG: 19,300

1% by weight of methyl ethyl ketone dissolved in methanol and containing 4% by weight of LPG: 20,277

The theoretical combustion heat Qt (in kilojoules) consumed by the water of weight W from its initial temperature T _o to 95 ° C is calculated by the following formula: Qt = Cp × (95 - To) × W Among them, Cp is 4.1868 kJ / kg. K; W is the weight of water (in kilograms); To is the starting temperature of water.

Next, the thermal efficiency η can be calculated by dividing Qt by Qc. The results obtained are summarized in Tables 1 to 6 below.

From the results data in Tables 1 to 5, it can be known that adding a small amount of the light-off improver to the methanol fuel can quickly ignite the fuel composition, and additionally adding a small amount of stabilizer to stabilize the light-off enhancer in methanol. It helps to burn smoothly (smooth and stable flame). In addition, the addition of a small amount of heat exchange enhancer to the methanol fuel further enhances the thermal efficiency of the fuel.

Next, the variation data of the stabilizer methyl ethyl ketone on the gaseous LPG pressure in the storage tank when the methanol fuel was consumed was tested, and the results are shown in Table 6.

From the results of Table 6, it can be seen that with the consumption of methanol fuel, the pressure of the ignition improver LPG in the storage tank gradually decreases, and when 2% by weight of stabilizer A is added, After the ethyl ketone, the drop in LPG pressure slowed down. This demonstrates that the stabilizer helps stabilize the pressure of the light-off enhancer so that the light-up enhancer in the methanol fuel can be maintained at a higher concentration to aid combustion.

In addition, the pressure and solubility of LPG dissolved in methanol and methyl ethyl ketone were tested, and the effect of methyl ethyl ketone on stabilizing gaseous LPG was observed. The results are shown in Table 7 below.

From the results of Table 7, it is known that LPG has a higher solubility in methyl ethyl ketone under the same pressure, which again indicates that methyl ethyl ketone does have a stable effect.

Preparation of liquid fuel combinations with the types and amounts of stabilizers listed in Table 8 Observe the start-up time of the combustion and the effect of each stabilizer on the LPG in methanol.

The above is merely illustrative of embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Any simple changes made to the scope of the invention and the contents of the specification are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (15)

A liquid fuel composition comprising: methanol; a combustion improver, which is a highly volatile hydrocarbon; a stabilizer, which is a ketone, an ether, a polymer having a molecular weight of less than about 5,000 amps. Or a combination thereof; and a heat exchange enhancer which is a high heat conductive substance soluble in methanol and having a heat transfer coefficient of 0.20 to 0.65 W/MK, wherein the light-off improver is at least about the weight of methanol 1% by weight, the stabilizer is present in an amount of from 0 to about 5% by weight, and the heat exchange promoter is present in an amount of from 0 to about 15% by weight. The liquid fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the light-off improver is selected from the group consisting of liquid petroleum gas (LPG), propane, butane, pentane, hexane, petroleum, kerosene, diesel, and combination. The liquid fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the light-off enhancer is selected from the group consisting of LPG, butane, and combinations thereof The liquid fuel composition of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the light-off improver is present in an amount of from about 1% by weight to about 8% by weight based on the weight of the methanol. The liquid fuel composition of claim 4, wherein the light-off improver is present in an amount of from about 4% by weight to about 8% by weight based on the weight of the methanol. The liquid fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of Group: acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), dimethyl ether (DME), diethylene glycol (DEG), polyethylene glycol (PEG) with a molecular weight of less than about 5000 amps, lower molecular weight About 5,000 avocados and polymers containing hydrophilic functional groups on the backbone, and combinations thereof. The liquid fuel composition according to claim 6, wherein the hydrophilic functional group having a molecular weight of less than about 5,000 ampoules and having a hydrophilic functional group-containing polymer on the stem is selected from the group consisting of ether groups and esters. Base, amine group, carboxyl group (-COOH), sulfhydryl group (-SH), and combinations thereof. The liquid fuel composition of claim 6 wherein the molecular weight is less than about 5,000 amphoteric and polymeric functional polypropylene (PPG) having a hydrophilic functional group on the backbone. The liquid fuel composition of claim 1, 6, 7, or 8, wherein the stabilizer is present in an amount of from about 0.5% by weight to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the methanol. The liquid fuel composition of claim 9, wherein the stabilizer content is from about 1% by weight to about 3% by weight based on the weight of the methanol. The liquid fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the heat exchange enhancer is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, glycerin, ethylene diamine, water, and combinations thereof. The liquid fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the heat exchange enhancer is water. The liquid fuel composition of claim 1, 11 or 12, wherein the heat exchange promoter is present in an amount of from about 1% by weight to about 15% by weight based on the weight of the methanol. The liquid fuel composition of claim 13, wherein the heat exchange improver is present in an amount of from about 3% by weight to about 10% by weight based on the weight of the methanol. The liquid fuel composition of claim 1 which comprises methanol and, based on the weight of methanol, from about 4% by weight to about 6% by weight of LPG as a light-burning promoter, from about 1% by weight to about 3% by weight. Methyl ethyl ketone is used as a stabilizer, and from about 3% by weight to about 10% by weight of water is used as a heat exchange enhancer.