JP2002080867A - Gasoline substitute fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To develop a low-pollution gasoline substitute fuel which is free from a harmful exhaust gas, such as a sulfur oxide, causing an environmental pollution and is used for an internal combustion engine of high efficiency and high power. SOLUTION: The gasoline substitute fuel comprises mainly alcohols and consists of 51-60 wt.% alcohol mixture comprising ethanol and/or methanol, isopropyl alcohol and isobutanol [the mixing ratio being (9 to 6):(1.5 to 0.5):(2 to 1)], 20±5 wt.% 5-8C paraffinic hydrocarbon and 30±5 wt.% toluene. The fuel can maintain a power comparable to a gasoline without using a gasoline or a reformed gasoline together while the generation of harmful gases such as sulfur oxides is reduced.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a gasoline alternative fuel containing alcohol as a main component, more specifically, a mixed alcohol containing several kinds of alcohols, a paraffinic hydrocarbon containing 5 to 8 carbon atoms, and toluene. High output,
It relates to a high-efficiency, low-pollution gasoline alternative fuel.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Gasoline or light oil widely used as a fuel for an internal combustion engine includes sulfur oxides (SO _X ), nitrogen oxides (NO _X ), and the like, which are discharged into the atmosphere by combustion. The effects of air pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), heavy metals, and dust on health, and the effects of acid rain on nature have been taken up by society as pollution problems. On the other hand,
Because oil is a finite resource and its oil producing areas are unevenly distributed, the development of fuels that can replace oil has been developed in response to social demands for resource saving or effective use of resources. Thus, various synthetic fuels have been proposed.

[0003] However, most of the conventional synthetic fuels (mainly alcohol-based fuels) cannot obtain the combustion output as much as gasoline, and even if a comparable combustion output can be obtained, the fuel is burned. This required a special combustion device. Therefore, although various synthetic fuels have been conventionally proposed, it can be said that they have not been put to practical use as a fuel for internal combustion engines by themselves. From the viewpoint of saving oil, alcohol is mixed with gasoline and used as an alcohol fuel. The fact is that it is only used in the department.

For example, as a fuel not containing gasoline,
Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-50839 proposes a synthetic fuel in which hydrogen peroxide is mixed with alcohol to increase its combustion output (calorific value). However, this synthetic fuel has a problem that, as described in the publication, it is necessary to improve the inlet and the like of an inlet manifold to perform air conditioning in order to burn it, and according to the publication, It is said that its output and fuel consumption are equivalent to gasoline, but it is practically used due to handling problems due to the fact that hydrogen peroxide is an unstable substance and its mixing takes a long time. Not offered.

On the other hand, as a fuel obtained by mixing alcohol with gasoline, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 5-140568 discloses a fuel in which a mixture ratio of reformed gasoline (treat naphtha) to methanol and butanol is about 2: 2: 1. A fuel composition to which a rust agent and a pigment are added has been proposed. But,
When a combustion experiment was conducted on the fuel composition described in Example 1 of this publication, the combustion temperature was high, and the engine temperature was too high, which accelerated the deterioration of the packing, which is a structural component of the internal combustion engine, and further increased the temperature. There has been a problem that the mechanism of the internal combustion engine tends to fail due to heat, and a problem that knocking tends to occur depending on the internal combustion engine has occurred.

In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-227880, a synthetic fuel obtained by mixing alcohol and toluene with reformed gasoline, and in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-283751, the synthetic fuel is treated with an inorganic substance or the like to reduce pollution. Attempts have been made to transform it. However, even if the above various synthetic fuels can reduce the amount of CO and HC in the exhaust gas, the reformed gasoline contains a large amount of sulfur and contains toxic substances such as benzene. From that
The exhaust gas pollution problem has not been fundamentally solved. In addition, reformed gasoline has a different component composition depending on the petroleum producing region or the reforming method, and the difference in the component composition causes a difference in characteristics. Depending on the reformed gasoline to be used, there is a problem that a difference occurs in anti-knock performance or a variation in performance such as a case where required horsepower is not obtained.

[0007]

In THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved] above-described circumstances, the present invention, CO, HC, and suppress the emission of air pollutants, such as CO _2, the output, also has the same performance as gasoline in fuel consumption Another object of the present invention is to develop a low-pollution synthetic fuel that can be used without any modification to an internal combustion engine for gasoline.

[0008]

The present invention is characterized in that a fuel containing alcohol as a main component is mixed with a paraffinic hydrocarbon composed of 5 to 8 carbon atoms. By mixing paraffinic hydrocarbons consisting of 5 to 8 carbon atoms and toluene in a mixed alcohol consisting of several alcohols, without using gasoline, maintaining the same or higher combustion output as gasoline, Moreover, the development of a new low-pollution fuel for internal combustion engines has been successful. That is, the present invention
The present invention provides a novel gasoline alternative fuel described in 1) to 5) below. 1) A gasoline alternative fuel containing alcohol as a main component and containing a paraffinic hydrocarbon composed of 5 to 8 carbon atoms. 2) A gasoline substitute fuel containing alcohol as a main component and containing a paraffinic hydrocarbon composed of 5 to 8 carbon atoms and toluene. 3) The gasoline alternative fuel according to 1) or 2), wherein the paraffinic hydrocarbon is hexane. 4) An alternative fuel to gasoline, which is a fuel containing alcohol as a main component and containing hexane and toluene, and a mixed alcohol composed of ethanol and / or methanol and isopropyl alcohol and isobutanol. 5) A fuel containing alcohol as a main component, wherein ethanol and / or methanol and isopropyl alcohol and isobutanol are in a weight ratio of 9 to 6: 1.5 to 0.5:
A gasoline substitute fuel comprising a mixed alcohol having a composition of 2 to 1, comprising 51 to 60% by weight of the mixed alcohol, 20 ± 5% by weight of hexane and 30 ± 5% by weight of toluene. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

[0009]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION It can be said that the fuel of the present invention plays an important role in that a paraffinic hydrocarbon composed of 5 to 8 carbon atoms develops fuel properties that can replace gasoline. That is, it is considered that the fuel of the present invention contributes to the improvement of the anti-knock property by using a paraffin-based hydrocarbon composed of 5 to 8 carbon atoms with respect to alcohol as an octane value improving material. Also, 5
The combined use of paraffinic hydrocarbons consisting of up to 8 carbon atoms and toluene makes it possible to increase the combustion output of alcohol and to provide a fuel with performance comparable to gasoline as a fuel for internal combustion engines. . Furthermore, the paraffinic hydrocarbon is an extremely stable substance and has an effect as a dehydrating material. Therefore, the fuel of the present invention has a function of preventing the paraffinic hydrocarbon from dropping water during storage. Therefore, the fuel characteristics do not deteriorate at all even when stored for a long period of time, and also have the advantage of being safe and easy to handle, which is one of the important conditions required for fuel.

[0010] Even if ethanol or methanol is used alone as the main component alcohol, characteristics as a fuel for an internal combustion engine cannot be obtained. In order to obtain properties that can replace gasoline, it is necessary to use a combination of several alcohols, and a mixed alcohol consisting of a combination of three or four of ethanol and / or methanol, isopropyl alcohol and isobutanol is most preferred. It was a suitable combination. Most of the conventional alcohol-based synthetic fuels use methanol or ethanol, but one of the features of the present invention is that two kinds of alcohols, isopropyl alcohol and isobutanol, are used in combination. The mixing ratio is preferably a composition having a weight ratio of 9-6: 1.5-0.5: 2-1.

The preferred mixing ratio of the mixed alcohol, paraffinic hydrocarbon comprising 5 to 8 carbon atoms and toluene is as follows: the mixed alcohol is 51 to 60% by weight; the paraffinic hydrocarbon is 20 ± 5% by weight; Is 3
It has a composition of 0 ± 5% by weight. In particular, if the mixing ratio of the alcohol is out of this range, the anti-knock property becomes inferior, and the required combustion output cannot be obtained depending on the internal combustion engine, which is not preferable. It should be noted that the fuel of the present invention may be further added with a known stabilizer, rust inhibitor and the like. The fuel of the present invention is mainly intended to be used in place of gasoline as a fuel for an internal combustion engine of an automobile, a ship, or the like. Can be used as industrial fuels and household fuels.
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples and test examples, but these examples do not limit the present invention at all.

[0012]

EXAMPLE A fuel having the following composition was prepared using a mixed alcohol composed of the alcohols of Examples 1 to 4. The order of mixing the components is arbitrary. Mixed alcohol 52% by weight Methanol 36% by weight Isopropyl alcohol 10% by weight Isobutanol 6% by weight Toluene 33% by weight Paraffin hydrocarbon (hexane) 15% by weight

Example 2 A fuel having the following composition was prepared using the mixed alcohol of Example 1 in which methanol was replaced by ethanol. Mixed alcohol 53% by weight Ethanol 44% by weight Isopropyl alcohol 3% by weight Isobutanol 6% by weight Toluene 29% by weight Paraffin hydrocarbon (hexane) 18% by weight

Test Example 1 When the octane number of the fuel described in Example 1 was compared with the gasoline reference value, the gasoline reference value for octane number was 95 octane number for high-octane gasoline and 85 octane number for regular gasoline, whereas The octane number of the inventive fuel was 104.3.

Test Example 2 The fuel described in Example 2 was used with a total displacement of 1500 cc.
Equipped with (format: Toyota E-AE110) engine
Test vehicle using the 10.15 mode method as a test vehicle
As a result, the fuel efficiency was 8.9 km / l
Fuel economy (8.7 km / l). Also exhaust gas
The following results were obtained for each component in the
Seki: Japan Automobile Transportation Technology Association).component Example 2 gasoline  CO 1.19 ppm 193.01 ppm HC 6.36 ppmc 10.86 ppmc NOx 38.81 ppm 6.96 ppm CO₂ 0.841% 0.848% According to the above test results, the fuel of the present invention is compared with gasoline.
CO is about 1/5 and HC is about 1/2
Low CO means that fuel is completely burned
It indicates that. The fuel of the present invention is a reforming gas.
Sulfur oxides are substantially contained in exhaust gas because it does not contain soline
Not included.

Test Example 3 With respect to the fuel described in Example 2, the calorific value, engine speed,
Mileage, ignition point, copper plate corrosion, gum test, octane number
Etc. compared with gasoline, for all items,
The result was comparable to gasoline. The fuel of the present invention
Test results such as ignition point and flash point are as follows (Test
(Institution: Tokyo Chemical Analysis Center).Example 2 gasoline  Flash point 404 ℃ 300 ℃ Flash point -14.4 ℃ -40 ℃ Copper plate corrosion 1 1 Existing gum test 0 0 Octane number 104.3 85 (regular) / 95 (high octane)

[0017]

As is apparent from the above detailed description, the gasoline alternative fuel of the present invention provides CO, H
Extremely low generation of exhaust gas containing C, CO ₂ , and SO _{X. It} shows performance comparable to gasoline in terms of calorific value, engine speed, mileage, horsepower, etc., and is used in internal combustion engines instead of gasoline. It is extremely useful as a low-pollution fuel that can be used.

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A gasoline alternative fuel comprising a fuel containing alcohol as a main component and containing a paraffinic hydrocarbon comprising 5 to 8 carbon atoms. 2. A gasoline alternative fuel comprising an alcohol as a main component and comprising a paraffinic hydrocarbon comprising 5 to 8 carbon atoms and toluene. 3. The gasoline alternative fuel according to claim 1, wherein the paraffinic hydrocarbon is hexane. 4. A fuel containing alcohol as a main component,
An alternative gasoline fuel, wherein the alcohol is a mixed alcohol of ethanol and / or methanol, isopropyl alcohol and isobutanol, and contains the mixed alcohol, hexane and toluene. 5. A fuel containing alcohol as a main component, wherein the alcohol is ethanol and / or methanol and isopropyl alcohol and isobutanol in a weight ratio.
9 to 6: 1.5 to 0.5: 2 to 1 mixed alcohol consisting of 51 to 60% by weight of the mixed alcohol, 20 ± 5% by weight of hexane and 30 ± 5% by weight of toluene
A gasoline substitute fuel characterized by containing a fuel having a ratio of: