RU2774073C2 - Kindling and heating agent and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a kindling and heating agent. A kindling and heating agent is proposed, including ethyl or isopropyl alcohol, stearic acid or stearin, and caustic soda, characterized in that it additionally contains water at the following ratio of components, %: water 0.05-25; stearic acid or stearin 3-7.2; caustic soda 1.5-3.6, and ethyl or isopropyl alcohol is the rest. A method for manufacturing a kindling and heating agent is also proposed, including mixing of components, heating, while an aqueous solution of caustic soda 1:1 is preliminarily prepared, then, water and prepared aqueous solution of caustic soda are added to a container with ethyl or isopropyl alcohol, when mixing; the mixture is heated to 69-75°C, and stearic acid or stearin is gradually added, when mixing, while the ratio of caustic soda to stearic acid or stearin is in dependence of 1:2, the mixture is brought to a boil, but is not boiled, then allowed to stand for a while and poured into containers.

EFFECT: creation of universal, highly flammable, with high heat transfer, compact kindling and heating agent and, at the same time, environmentally friendly fuel for use in household, in the field at temperatures from (-80) to +70°C.

10 cl, 1 dwg, 4 ex

Description

The kindling and heating agent based on ethyl alcohol is intended for starting a fire, warming up or cooking food, heating, lighting and can be used both in open space and in closed residential or non-residential premises. The proposed tool has the following qualities: it is highly flammable, burns steadily in wind and rain, odorless, smoke, soot, non-explosive, non-toxic, hydrophobic, compact, retains its properties for a long time without requiring special storage conditions. Means is suitable for use in climatic zones with extreme temperatures from (-80) to +70 °C. The above properties of the kindling and heating agent make it possible to include it in the equipment of the armed forces, parts of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and other emergency services whose activities are related to work in the field. The kindling and heating agent is also suitable for use by tourists, fishermen, hunters, motorists, etc.; for the manufacture of table candles (for home and catering), ritual candles.

From the prior art, kindling agents intended for industrial and domestic use are known, having in their composition a combustible body made of wax, paraffin or charcoal, treated with special additives to increase the flame during combustion and, as a result, increase heat transfer, and also processed for more easy ignition.

Known fuel for decorative fireplaces based on alcohol (RF patent No. 2 430 959 publ. 10.10.2011. Bull. No. 28), burning smokeless and without residue to dryness; containing a lower aliphatic alcohol C1-C3 (for example, isopropyl) 66-70%, alkyl acetate (for example, ethyl acetate) 15-22%, and water - the rest. The disadvantage of this tool is the release of ethyl acetate vapors, which irritate the mucous membranes of the eyes and respiratory tract, and when exposed to the skin cause dermatitis and eczema. C ₁ (methanol) is prohibited for use in household chemicals. C ₃ (isopropyl alcohol) is highly flammable. Fuel has limited temperature operating conditions.

Gel-like fuel is known (RF patent No. 2 430 960, publ. 10.10.2011. Bull. No. 28) intended for ignition of firewood, coal; use as fuel in field conditions. The fuel burns smokeless, odorless, does not emit toxic products during combustion. After combustion, a small dry brownish residue remains at the bottom of the container. The composition includes: C1-C3 alcohol or a mixture thereof, for example ethyl alcohol up to 63%; thickener, for example polyacrylic acid up to 1.4%; pH regulator, for example caustic soda up to 0.3%, water - the rest. Depending on the amount of thickener within the specified limits, it is possible to obtain gel-like fuel of different consistency: from fluid to non-flowing. The fluidity of the fuel, as well as the use of methanol (Alcohol C1 (methanol) is prohibited for use in consumer goods and in everyday life, RPN of Russia) limits the scope.

A kindling-heating agent is known (RF patent No. 87164, publ. 27.09.2009. Bull. No. 27), containing a combustible body and a protective sheath, characterized in that the combustible body is a solid solution of a mixture of fatty acids in ethanol, in the first case with filler. The disadvantages of the known kindling device include a short shelf life and a decrease in calorific value associated with the evaporation of ethanol.

Kindling and heating agents are known (RF patent No. 174700, publ. 10/30/2017. Bull. No. 31, RF patents Nos. isopropyl - the rest. Disadvantages: it is intended for a temperate climate zone and is not suitable for use in extreme conditions. it is impossible to ignite at temperatures below (-60°С), and at temperatures above +50°С it becomes liquid, which is not convenient for storage and transportation.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to expand the scope and application of the kindling and heating agent, namely: the creation of a universal, highly flammable, high heat transfer, compact agent and at the same time environmentally friendly fuel for use in everyday life, in the field in the temperature range from (-80) to +70°С.

The task is solved by creating a means for starting a fire, heating or cooking, heating, lighting, etc. with specified heat resistance and environmental properties (depending on the conditions of use) that meet the conditions of use in open space, in a closed residential or non-residential area in temperate climate areas, in extreme temperature zones from (-80) to +70 ° C. The proposed agent is highly flammable, burns steadily in wind and rain, odorless, smoke, soot, non-toxic, non-explosive, fireproof, hydrophobic, compact, retains its properties for a long time without requiring special storage conditions. The proposed tool can be used partially and repeatedly until it is completely burned. With complete combustion, a thin layer of fireproof residue remains at the bottom of the container. The proposed tool includes ethyl or isopropyl alcohol, stearic acid, sodium hydroxide, water in the following ratio, %:

Water 0.05-25% Stearic acid (stearin) 3-7.2% Sodium hydroxide 1.5-3.6% Ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol Rest

The method for preparing a kindling-heating agent is as follows:

An aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (granulated (99%) or analytical grade (pure for analysis)) is preliminarily prepared in a ratio of 1:1.

Then, in a container with ethyl (isopropyl) alcohol (from 92% to absolute), with stirring, add water in an amount depending on the purpose of the product (depending on the required heat resistance and environmental friendliness of the product).

Here, gradually, with stirring, add the prepared aqueous solution of caustic soda.

Next, the mixture is heated to 69-75 ° C (not higher than the boiling point of alcohols) and, with stirring, gradually add stearic acid or stearin, while the ratio of caustic soda to stearin depends on: 1% (aqueous sodium hydroxide solution) -2% stearic acid or stearin.

Stir, bring to a boil, but do not boil. Then they let it stand for a while and pour it into sealed containers (containers) with a lid that allows you to reuse the product until complete combustion.

Ethyl (isopropyl) alcohol, which has a high calorific value, is a good kindling and heating agent, but has significant drawbacks: it is fluid, volatile, alcohol vapors form explosive mixtures with air. To eliminate these shortcomings, the above components are included in the composition of the kindling-heating agent.

The main component of the proposed kindling and heating agent is alcohol (ethyl or isopropyl), which burns odorless and smoke with the release of water vapor and carbon dioxide, which is a good solvent, miscible with water in any proportions.

Stearic acid (stearin) increases the heat resistance of the agent (the ability of materials to maintain hardness and other performance properties at elevated temperatures). Stearin is a stabilizer, gives uniformity, hardness to the composition without reducing the concentration of water, hydrophobicity, burns cleanly, odorless and soot.

Caustic soda (alkaline solution) is used to neutralize the mixed components, ensuring the homogeneity of the mixture.

Water, the boiling point of which is higher than the boiling point of ethyl or isopropyl alcohol, forms a liquid layer (the thickness of which depends on the percentage of water) on the surface of the combustible mass during the combustion of the kindling and heating agent, which makes it possible to regulate the intensity of the combustion process and give a calm, uniform exit of burning alcohol ethers, while non-combustible components are deposited on the bottom, providing the least emission of combustion products. The liquid (water) layer absorbs (absorption by water) carbon dioxide released during combustion.

By changing the percentage of components within the specified ranges, you can get many varieties of funds for any climatic zone and purpose.

Ethyl alcohol, as less toxic than isopropyl alcohol, is used in formulations intended for indoor use. The higher the alcohol content, the easier the product ignites and burns steadily. Therefore, its highest content is in compositions intended for use at low temperatures (-80) ° C and below.

The higher the stearin content, the denser the composition. A high percentage of stearic acid (stearin) will allow the kindling and heating agent to maintain the desired consistency when stored at high ambient temperatures, while maintaining its consumer qualities.

Caustic soda (alkaline solution) in a ratio of 1:2 with stearin provides complete neutralization of stearic acid, thereby increasing the quality characteristics of the composition and improving its consumer properties. When the proportion is changed in one direction or another, during combustion, soot is formed (if stearin prevails) or an alkaline smell will be felt (if caustic soda prevails).

The percentage of water depends on the conditions of use and purpose of the agent: a small amount of water contributes to a faster ignition of the agent, which is important at low temperatures. In addition, when the water content is low, the kindling-heating agent does not melt, does not spread during combustion, and therefore is fireproof. Such a composition can be stored for some time without sealed packaging and used without it. The higher the percentage of water, the thicker the water layer, the better the absorption and the higher the environmental properties of the product (for use in closed unventilated rooms, tents, etc.),

The tool can be divided into three main groups (drawing):

I. for regions of the Far North and equated to them (use in the temperature range from +30 to (-80) ° С).

II. for central Russia, temperate climate zone (use in the temperature range from +45 to (-60) ° C).

III. for the southern regions of Russia (use up to +70°С).

Kindling agents for different climatic zones and purposes differ:

• heat resistance, ie. the ability to withstand the ambient temperature without changing its properties (the agent from the first group will spread in hot climates, and the agent from the third group at low temperatures will become even harder and it will be almost impossible to ignite them);

• environmental friendliness, because the water layer formed on the surface of the agent during its combustion absorbs combustion products, preventing the release of combustion products into the environment.

The invention is illustrated by the diagram: drawing. Scheme for selecting the percentage of components based on the specified parameters of operation and purpose, where the groups

I. for regions of the Far North and equated to them (use in the temperature range from +30 to (-80) ° С).

II. for central Russia, temperate climate zone (use in the temperature range from +45 to (-60) ° C).

III. for the southern regions of Russia (use up to +70°С).

1 - Composition "Arctic"

2 - Members of the "BSES"

3 - Composition "Arctic 2"

4 - "BSEC 2" squad

5 - Composition "Arctic 3"

6 - "BSEC 3" squad

7 - Composition "Eco fire"

8 - Composition "Live light"

In each of the groups (drawing), there is the possibility of manufacturing a highly specialized product, based on the purpose, for example: for open space, residential or non-residential premises, warming up a car engine, lighting a fire, etc.

The tool has successfully passed the approbation, is currently being manufactured on the basis of pilot production and is sold under various names:

"Arctic" pos.1, "Arctic 2" pos.2, "Arctic 3" pos.3, "BSES" pos.4, "BSEC 1" pos.5, "BSEC 2" pos.6, "Eco-fire » pos.7, «Live light» pos.8.

The burning time of 100 grams of the product in a temperate climate is at least 30 minutes.

"Arctic", "Arctic 2", "Arctic 3" have a balanced composition for use at negative temperatures down to (-80 ° C): the percentage of components allows you to combine cleansing (absorbing), igniting, thermal properties and have the following qualities: easy ignition , ecology. For wide application: heating and lighting of enclosed spaces (car interior, apartments, tents, etc.), cooking, heating food, heating cars and other equipment and various technical devices that require it.

"ChES", "ChES 2", "ChES 3" can be used for different climatic zones, while "ChES 2", "ChES 3" are more suitable for high positive ambient temperatures. All these compositions have a low percentage of water and a high percentage of stearin (thus, the product retains consumer qualities: it does not melt, does not spread, if necessary, it is stored for some time and used without sealed packaging). The tool is convenient in non-standard situations and can be included in the equipment of the armed forces, parts of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and other emergency services.

"Eco-fire". This is an average composition, based on ethyl alcohol. Let's apply more to everyday tasks such as: home fireplaces, singeing a plucked bird, drying undergrounds and cellars, warming up greenhouses, at the time of power outage. energy or gas cooking, heating food, it is possible to use in burners of various types for fondue, food warmer, wok, etc.

"Live light". Composition based on ethyl alcohol. When burning, a high percentage of water ensures rapid melting and fluidity of the product and high environmental properties. It also finds application: for the manufacture of environmentally friendly, ethyl candles with a uniform flame and a long burning time.

In accordance with the scheme (drawing), it is possible to manufacture products for any given parameters, for example: for warming up in severe frosts in the cabin of a stalled car, a composition is required that is suitable for use in confined spaces and in frosts, i.e. easily ignited, emitting a minimum of combustion products; for laboratory experiments or for igniting a brazier, a different composition is required - a harder one that does not spread during combustion.

Example 1. The composition of funds for the regions of the Far North and equated to them with heat resistance up to + 30 ° C and freezing temperature below (-80 ° C).

"Arctic":

Stearic acid (Stearin) 3.42-3.56% Sodium hydroxide 1.71-1.78% Water 5-6% Ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol Rest

"ChES":

Stearic acid (Stearin) 3.7-3.84% Sodium hydroxide 1.85-1.92% Water 0.05-1% Ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol Rest

Example 2. Composition of products with heat resistance up to +45°C and freezing point below (-60)° - for central Russia.

"Arctic 2":

Stearic acid (Stearin) 4.96-5.1% Sodium hydroxide 2.48-2.55% Water 5-6% Ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol Rest

"BSEC 2":

Stearic acid (Stearin) 5.38-5.52% Sodium hydroxide 2.69-2.76% Water 0.05-1% Ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol Rest

Example 3. The composition of funds with heat resistance up to +70°C - for hot climates.

"Arctic 3":

Stearic acid (Stearin) 6.5-6.64% Sodium hydroxide 3.25-3.32% Water 5-6% Ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol Rest

"BSEC 3":

Stearic acid (Stearin) 6.78-6.92% Sodium hydroxide 3.39-3.46% Water 0.05-1% Ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol Rest

Example 4 Temperate Compositions

"Eco fire":

Stearic acid (Stearin) 5.1-5.24% Sodium hydroxide 2.55-2.62% Water 12-13% Ethanol Rest

"Live Light":

Stearic acid (Stearin) 5.1-5.24% Sodium hydroxide 2.55-2.62% Water 24-25% Ethanol Rest

Claims (19)

1. A kindling and heating agent, including ethyl or isopropyl alcohol, stearic acid or stearin and sodium hydroxide, characterized in that it additionally contains water in the following ratio of components,%: Water 0.05-25 Stearic acid or stearin 3-7.2 Sodium hydroxide 1.5-3.6 Ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol Rest 2. A method for manufacturing a kindling and heating agent according to claim 1, including mixing the components, heating, characterized in that an aqueous solution of caustic soda 1: 1 is first prepared, then water and the prepared aqueous solution of caustic soda are added with stirring to a container with ethyl or isopropyl alcohol. soda; the mixture is heated to 69-75 ° C and, with stirring, stearic acid or stearin is gradually added, while the ratio of sodium hydroxide to stearic acid or stearin is 1: 2, brought to a boil, but not boiled, then allowed to stand for a while and poured into containers. 3. Kindling and heating agent according to claim 1, including: Stearic acid or stearin 3.42-3.56% Sodium hydroxide 1.71-1.78% Water 5-6% Ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol Rest 4. Kindling and heating agent according to claim 1, including: Stearic acid or stearin 3.7-3.84% Sodium hydroxide 1.85-1.92% Water 0.05-1% Ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol Rest 5. Kindling and heating agent according to claim 1, including: Stearic acid or stearin 4.96-5.1% Sodium hydroxide 2.48-2.55% Water 5-6% Ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol Rest 6. Kindling and heating agent according to claim 1, including: Stearic acid or stearin 5.38-5.52% Sodium hydroxide 2.69-2.76% Water 0.05-1% Ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol Rest 7. Kindling and heating agent according to claim 1, including: Stearic acid or stearin 6.5-6.64% Sodium hydroxide 3.25-3.32% Water 5-6% Ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol Rest 8. Kindling and heating agent according to claim 1, including: Stearic acid or stearin 6.78-6.92% Sodium hydroxide 3.39-3.46% Water 0.05-1% Ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol Rest 9. Kindling and heating agent according to claim 1, including: Stearic acid or stearin 5.1-5.24% Sodium hydroxide 2.55-2.62% Water 12-13% Ethanol Rest 10. Kindling and heating agent according to claim 1, including: Stearic acid or stearin 5.1-5.24% Sodium hydroxide 2.55-2.62% Water 24-25% Ethanol Rest

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