TW201346990A - 具有高膜密度與高蝕刻選擇性的非晶碳層之沉積 - Google Patents
具有高膜密度與高蝕刻選擇性的非晶碳層之沉積 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201346990A TW201346990A TW102112927A TW102112927A TW201346990A TW 201346990 A TW201346990 A TW 201346990A TW 102112927 A TW102112927 A TW 102112927A TW 102112927 A TW102112927 A TW 102112927A TW 201346990 A TW201346990 A TW 201346990A
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- amorphous carbon
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Classifications
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- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
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- H01L21/02524—Group 14 semiconducting materials
- H01L21/02527—Carbon, e.g. diamond-like carbon
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C16/26—Deposition of carbon only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/48—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating by irradiation, e.g. photolysis, radiolysis, particle radiation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/52—Controlling or regulating the coating process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02109—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
- H01L21/02112—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer
- H01L21/02115—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material being carbon, e.g. alpha-C, diamond or hydrogen doped carbon
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- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02225—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer
- H01L21/0226—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process
- H01L21/02263—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase
- H01L21/02271—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase deposition by decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition
- H01L21/02274—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase deposition by decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition in the presence of a plasma [PECVD]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02296—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the treatment performed before or after the formation of the layer
- H01L21/02318—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the treatment performed before or after the formation of the layer post-treatment
- H01L21/02345—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the treatment performed before or after the formation of the layer post-treatment treatment by exposure to radiation, e.g. visible light
- H01L21/02348—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the treatment performed before or after the formation of the layer post-treatment treatment by exposure to radiation, e.g. visible light treatment by exposure to UV light
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Abstract
本文所述的實施例係關於處理基板的方法。在一個實施例中,方法包括引導包括烴源與稀釋氣體的氣體混合物進入位於處理系統中的沉積腔室、在約200℃與約700℃之間的溫度下自沉積腔室中之氣體混合物產生電漿以形成低氫含量的非晶碳層於基板上、以不破壞真空的方式傳送基板進入位於處理系統中的固化腔室,及在高於約200℃的固化溫度下暴露基板至固化腔室中的UV輻射。
Description
本發明的實施例大體而言係關於積體電路的製造,且更特定言之,本發明的實施例係關於具有高膜密度與高蝕刻選擇性之非晶碳層的沉積。
由於碳基材料(例如,非晶碳(標示為a-C))的化學惰性、光學透明度與良好的機械性質,已經證實了碳基材料是作為氧化物、氮化物、聚矽或金屬(例如,Al)材料之蝕刻硬遮罩的有效材料。
為了確保期望的非晶碳膜在後續蝕刻製程過程中適當地保護下方材料層,非晶碳膜相對於非晶碳膜下方的材料層具有相對高的蝕刻選擇性或移除速率比例是相當重要的。需要較高的蝕刻選擇性以準確地轉移圖案至下層。舉例而言,可藉由密化非晶碳膜來提高蝕刻選擇性,然而,密化非晶碳膜會造成高壓縮膜應力,而高壓縮膜應力會顯著影響微影製程過程中的特徵轉移。高壓縮膜應力在後續蝕刻製程過程中引發圖案接線彎曲或接線破損,上述現象在特徵尺寸縮小至20 nm與更小時尤其明顯。
因此,本技術中需要具有降低壓縮膜應力、良好蝕刻選擇性與接線彎曲控制的硬遮罩。
本發明的實施例通常提供形成硬遮罩的方法,上述硬遮罩具有高膜密度、高蝕刻選擇性與合適灰化能力,同時仍維持次45 nm元件的優異接線完整性。高蝕刻選擇性能實現較薄的硬遮罩,較薄的硬遮罩改良蝕刻邊界且允許較小特徵的可控制蝕刻,且不具有與接線擺動與接線彎曲相關的傳統問題。
本發明的實施例提供在基板製程腔室中沉積非晶碳層於基板上的方法。在一個實施例中,方法包括引導包括烴源與稀釋氣體的氣體混合物進入位於處理系統中的沉積腔室、在約200℃與約700℃之間的溫度下自沉積腔室中之氣體混合物產生電漿以形成低氫含量的非晶碳層於基板上、以不破壞真空的方式傳送基板進入位於處理系統中的固化腔室及在高於約200℃的固化溫度下暴露基板至固化腔室中的UV輻射。
本發明的實施例亦提供在製程腔室中形成半導體元件的方法。在一個實施例中,方法包括在位於處理系統中之沉積腔室中的基板上形成非晶碳層,此舉是藉由引導包括烴源與稀釋氣體的氣體混合物進入沉積腔室,並在約200℃與約700℃之間的溫度下自沉積腔室中之氣體混合物產生電漿以形成低氫含量的非晶碳層於基板上;以不破壞真空的方式傳送基板進入位於處理系統中的固化腔室;在高於約200℃的固
化溫度下暴露形成於基板上的非晶碳層至固化腔室中的UV輻射;在非晶碳層的至少一區中界定圖案;及利用非晶碳層作為遮罩將界定於非晶碳層的至少一區中的圖案轉移進入基板。
100‧‧‧處理系統
102‧‧‧真空泵
106‧‧‧功率供應器
110‧‧‧控制單元
112‧‧‧中央處理單元
114‧‧‧支援電路
116‧‧‧相關控制軟體
120‧‧‧噴頭
125、200‧‧‧製程腔室
130‧‧‧氣體面板
150‧‧‧基板支撐基座
160‧‧‧軸
170‧‧‧加熱器元件
172‧‧‧溫度感測器
190‧‧‧半導體基板
192‧‧‧電漿
195‧‧‧表面
202‧‧‧蓋
204‧‧‧外殼
206‧‧‧功率源
208‧‧‧窗口
210‧‧‧氣體分配噴頭
215‧‧‧孔
222‧‧‧UV燈燈泡
224‧‧‧基板支撐件
226、300‧‧‧基板
228‧‧‧桿
230‧‧‧驅動系統
232‧‧‧入口通道
234‧‧‧出口埠
236‧‧‧石英襯裡
260‧‧‧處理區
262‧‧‧主體
302‧‧‧材料層
304‧‧‧非晶碳層
308‧‧‧能量敏感阻抗材料
310‧‧‧遮罩
330‧‧‧UV輻射
340‧‧‧開口
350‧‧‧基板結構
450‧‧‧製程
402、404‧‧‧步驟
為了詳細理解本發明上述之特徵,可參照某些實施例來理解簡短概述於【發明內容】中的本發明的更明確描述,該等實施例中之一些實施例圖示于附圖中。然而,需注意附圖僅圖示本發明之典型實施例而因此附圖不被視為本發明之範圍的限制因素,因為本發明可允許其他等效實施例。
第1圖是根據本發明的實施例可用於沉積非晶碳層之基板處理系統的示意圖。
第2圖描繪根據本發明的實施例可用來固化非晶碳層之示範性串聯式製程腔室的橫剖面圖。
第3A-3E圖描繪基板在併入非晶碳層作為硬遮罩之積體電路製造順序的不同階段的示意橫剖面圖。
第4圖描繪根據本發明的實施例形成非晶碳層的示範性製造製程。
第5圖繪示掃描電子顯微影像,上述掃描電子顯微影像描繪由根據本文所述實施例形成的非晶碳層相對於傳統非晶碳膜在圖案化性能比較上的對照。
第1圖是基板處理系統100的示意圖,基板處理系統100可用於根據本文所述實施例的非晶碳層沉積。適當腔室的實例包括可應用DxZTM製程腔室的CENTURA®系統、PRECISION 5000®系統、PRODUCERTM系統(諸如,PRODUCER SETM製程腔室與PRODUCER GTTM製程腔室),所有上述系統皆可自Applied Materials,Inc.(Santa Clara,California)商業上購得。預期本文所述的製程可被執行於其他基板處理系統(包括來自其他製造商的彼等系統)。
系統100包括製程腔室125、氣體面板130、控制單元110與其他硬體部件(諸如,功率源與真空泵)。用於本文所述實施例中之系統的一個實施例的進一步細節描述於共同受讓的且在2002年4月2日核發的美國專利第6,364,954號中,美國專利第6,364,954號標題為「High Temperature Chemical Vapor Deposition Chamber」。
製程腔室125通常包括基板支撐基座150,基板支撐基座150用於支撐基板(例如,半導體基板190)。此基板支撐基座150利用耦接至軸160的位移機構(未圖示)而在製程腔室125內部移動於垂直方向中。取決於製程,可在處理之前將半導體基板190加熱至期望溫度。藉由嵌入式加熱器元件170加熱基板支撐基座150。舉例而言,可藉由自功率供應器106施加電流至加熱器元件170而電阻式加熱基板支撐基座150。溫度感測器172(例如,熱電偶)亦被嵌入基板支撐基座150中以監控基板支撐基座150的溫度。將測得的溫度用於反饋迴圈中以控制用於加熱器元件170的功率供應器106。
真空泵102被用來排空製程腔室125與維持製程腔室125內部的適當氣體流動與壓力。透過噴頭120將製程氣體引導進入製程腔室125,而噴頭120位於基板支撐基座150上且噴頭120適以提供均勻分佈的製程氣體進入製程腔室125。噴頭120經連接至氣體面板130,氣體面板130控制與供應用於製程順序的不同步驟中的多種製程氣體。製程氣體可包括烴源、稀釋氣體源(例如,氫)與選擇性的引發電漿氣體,並在結合示範性非晶碳層沉積製程的描述中更詳細地描述製程氣體於下。
氣體面板130亦可用來控制與供應多種液體霧化前驅物。舉例而言,雖然未圖示,但可藉由液體注射蒸發器將來自液體前驅物供應器的液體前驅物霧化並在載氣存在下輸送至製程腔室125。載氣通常為惰性氣體,諸如氮或貴族氣體(諸如,氬或氦)。或者,可藉由熱及/或真空輔助的蒸發製程自安瓿霧化液體前驅物。
噴頭120與基板支撐基座150亦可形成一組隔開的電極。在該等電極之間產生電場時,會將導入腔室125的製程氣體點燃成電漿192。一般而言,藉由透過匹配網路(未圖示)將基板支撐基座150連接單頻或雙頻式射頻(RF)功率(未圖示)源來產生電場。或者,RF功率源與匹配網路可被耦接至噴頭120,或耦接至噴頭120與基板支撐基座150兩者。
藉由質流控制器(未圖示)與控制單元110(例如,電腦)來執行通過氣體面板130之氣體與液體流動的適當控制與調節。噴頭120允許來自氣體面板130的製程氣體被均勻地
分散且引導進入製程腔室125。說明性地,控制單元110包括中央處理單元(CPU)112、支援電路114及包含相關控制軟體116的記憶體。當製程氣體混合物離開噴頭120時,在半導體基板190的表面195處發生烴化合物的電漿輔助熱分解,此舉造成半導體基板190上之非晶碳層的沉積。
第2圖描繪示範性串聯式製程腔室200的橫剖面圖,串聯式製程腔室200可用於根據本文所述實施例之非晶碳層的固化。製程腔室200在腔室主體中提供兩個分隔且相鄰的處理區以處理基板。製程腔室200通常具有蓋202、外殼204與功率源206。各個外殼204覆蓋兩個UV燈燈泡222的各自一個,兩個UV燈燈泡222的各自一個分別配置在界定於主體262中之兩個處理區260上。各個處理區260包括支撐基板226於處理區260中的加熱基板支撐件(例如,基板支撐件224)及氣體排出口240。UV燈燈泡222發射UV光,UV光被導向通過窗口208與氣體分配噴頭210而至位於各個處理區中的各個基板上。在一個實施例中,氣體分配噴頭210可為選擇性的且氣體分配噴頭210並非製程腔室200所必需的。基板支撐件224可由陶瓷或金屬(例如,鋁)所製成。基板支撐件224可耦接至桿228,桿228延伸通過主體262的底部並由驅動系統230所操作,以移動處理區260中的基板支撐件224朝向及遠離UV燈燈泡222。驅動系統230亦可在固化過程中旋轉及/或移動基板支撐件224以進一步增強基板照射的均勻性。可將示範性串聯式製程腔室200併入處理系統(例
如,第1圖中所示的處理系統100)中或上文參照第1圖提及的任何其他系統中。
UV燈燈泡222可為利用任何先進UV照明源的發光二極體或燈泡的陣列,UV照明源包括(但不限於)微波弧、射頻燈絲(電容耦合電漿)與感應耦合電漿(ICP)燈。可在固化製程過程中脈衝UV光。多種增強基板照射之均勻性的概念包括利用燈陣列,燈陣列亦可用來改變入射光的波長分佈;基板與燈頭的相對移動(包括旋轉與周期性移動(擺動));及燈反射體形狀及/或位置的即時修飾。UV燈泡是紫外光輻射的源並且UV燈泡可發射廣光譜範圍的UV與紅外線(IR)輻射波長。
UV燈燈泡222可發射橫跨170 nm至400 nm的廣波長帶的光。用於UV燈燈泡222中的經選擇氣體可決定發射的波長。自UV燈燈泡222發射的UV光藉由通過配置於蓋202中之孔中的窗口208與氣體分配噴頭210而進入處理區260。窗口208可由不具OH的合成石英玻璃所製成,且窗口208具有足夠的厚度以維持真空而不破裂。窗口208可為傳導低至約150 nm之UV光的熔合矽石。氣體分配噴頭210可由透明材料(諸如石英或藍寶石)所製成,且氣體分配噴頭210配置於窗口208與基板支撐件224之間。由於蓋202密封至主體262且窗口208被密封至蓋202,處理區260提供能夠維持約1托至約650托之壓力的空間。處理或清潔氣體可透過兩個入口通道232的分別一個入口通道進入處理區260。處理或清潔氣體接著透過相同出口埠234離開處理區260。
各個外殼204包括鄰近功率源206的孔215。外殼
204可包括內部拋物線表面,該內部拋物線表面由二色性膜塗覆之鑄石英襯裡236所界定。二色性膜通常構成周期性多層膜,周期性多層膜由多種具有交替高折射率與低折射率的介電材料所構成。因此,石英襯裡236可傳送紅外光光線並反射自UV燈燈泡222發射的UV光。石英襯裡236可藉由移動與改變內部拋物線表面的形狀而調整以較佳地適合各個製程或任務。製程腔室200進一步描述於Baluja等人在2011年9月29日申請且共同受讓的美國專利申請案第13/248,656號中,以引用之方式併入上述案件的全文。
第3A-3E圖描繪基板300在併入a-C層作為硬遮罩之積體電路製造順序的不同階段的示意橫剖面圖。可利用分別參照第1圖與第2圖討論於上之處理系統100與製程腔室200來沉積並固化a-C層。基板結構350標示基板300以及形成於基板300上的其他材料層。第3A圖描繪基板結構350的橫剖面圖,基板結構350上具有已經傳統地形成的材料層302。材料層302可為低介電常數材料及/或氧化物(例如,SiO2)。
第3B圖繪示沉積於第2A圖的基板結構350上的非晶碳層304。藉由傳統手段(例如,透過PECVD)將非晶碳層304形成於基板結構350上。取決於製造順序中所用的能量敏感阻抗材料308的蝕刻化學性質,可在能量敏感阻抗材料308的形成之前在非晶碳層304上形成選擇性的覆蓋層(未圖示)。當轉移圖案於選擇性的覆蓋層中時,選擇性的覆蓋層作
為非晶碳層304的遮罩並且該覆蓋層保護非晶碳層304免於能量敏感阻抗材料308之影響。
如第3B圖所示,能量敏感阻抗材料308被形成於非晶碳層304上。可在基板上旋塗能量敏感阻抗材料308的層至期望厚度。大部分的能量敏感阻抗材料敏感於波長低於約450 nm的紫外線(UV)輻射,且針對某些應用,紫外線(UV)輻射具有245 nm或193 nm的波長。
藉由透過圖案化裝置(例如,遮罩310)暴露能量敏感阻抗材料308至UV輻射330而將圖案轉移進入能量敏感阻抗材料308的層,並接著在適當顯影劑中顯影能量敏感阻抗材料308。在已經顯影能量敏感阻抗材料308後,由開口340所構成的期望圖案如第3C圖中所示般存在於能量敏感阻抗材料308中。
之後,參照第3D圖,利用能量敏感阻抗材料308作為遮罩將界定於能量敏感阻抗材料308中的圖案轉移通過非晶碳層304。使用適當的化學蝕刻劑,適當的化學蝕刻劑可選擇性蝕刻非晶碳層304超過能量敏感阻抗材料308與材料層302,延伸開口340至材料層302的表面。適當的化學蝕刻劑包括臭氧、氧或氨電漿。
參照第3E圖,接著利用非晶碳層304作為硬遮罩將圖案轉移通過材料層302。在此製程步驟中,使用選擇性移除材料層302超過非晶碳層304的蝕刻劑,例如乾蝕刻,即非反應性電漿蝕刻。在圖案化材料層302後,可自基板300選擇性地剝除非晶碳層304。
第4圖描繪示範性製造製程450,示範性製造製程450用於形成根據本發明的一個實施例之非晶碳層。藉由製程450形成的非晶碳層可用來取代上文參照第3B-3E圖所討論的非晶碳層304。如先前所述般,由於非晶碳的高化學惰性、光學透明度與容易移除,非晶碳是半導體應用中可用來作為蝕刻硬遮罩的材料。本發明人已經證實下文所述的發明態樣能夠產生具有降低壓縮膜應力、高膜密度與隨之而來的較高蝕刻選擇性的非晶碳膜。高蝕刻選擇性能實現更薄的硬遮罩,更薄的硬遮罩改良蝕刻邊界且允許較小特徵的可控制蝕刻,藉此取得次45 nm下元件的優異接線完整性而不具有與接線擺動與接線彎曲相關的傳統問題。應當注意,第4圖中所描繪的步驟順序並非意圖作為本文所述發明之範圍的限制因素,因為可在不悖離發明的基本範圍下添加、刪除及/或重新排列一個或多個步驟。
製程450開始於步驟402,步驟402在沉積製程腔室中沉積非晶碳層。可藉由包括引導烴源、稀釋氣體與選擇性的引發電漿氣體進入製程腔室(例如,參照第1圖討論於上文的處理系統100)的製程來形成非晶碳層。在一個實施例中,非晶碳層可為自Applied Materials,Inc.(Santa Clara,California)商業上購得的Advanced Patterning FilmTM(APF)材料。在一個實施例中,烴源氣體是一或多個烴化合物與選擇性的載氣(例如,氬)的混合物。
在一個實施例中,可包括於烴源氣體的烴化合物或
烴化合物的衍生物可由式CxHy所描述,其中x的範圍在1與10之間而y的範圍在2與30之間。烴化合物可包括(但不限於)烷烴,烷烴諸如丙烷、甲烷、乙烷、丁烷與丁烷的異構物(異丁烷)、戊烷與戊烷的異構物(異戊烷與新戊烷)、己烷與己烷的異構物(2-甲基戊烷、3-甲基戊烷、2,3-二甲基丁烷與2,2-二甲基丁烷)等等;烯烴,烯烴諸如乙烯、丙烯、丁烯與丁烯的異構物、戊烯與戊烯的異構物等等,二烯類,二烯類諸如丁二烯、異戊二烯、戊二烯、己二烯等等,與鹵化烯烴,鹵化烯烴包括單氟乙烯、二氟乙烯、三氟乙烯、四氟乙烯、單氯乙烯、二氯乙烯、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯等等;炔烴,炔烴諸如乙炔、丙炔、丁炔、乙烯基乙炔與上述各者之衍生物;芳香族,芳香族諸如苯、苯乙烯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙基苯、苯乙酮、苯甲酸甲酯、乙酸苯酯、苯酚、甲酚、呋喃等等、α-萜品烯、蒔蘿烴、1,1,3,3,-四甲基丁基苯、t-丁醚、t-丁基乙烯、甲基丙烯酸甲脂與t-丁基呋喃甲醚、具有式C3H2與C5H4的化合物、鹵化芳香族化合物(包括單氟苯、二氟苯、四氟苯、六氟苯)等等。
在一個實施例中,烴化合物可為烴化合物的部分或完全摻雜衍生物,烴化合物的部分或完全摻雜衍生物包括烴化合物的含氟、含氧、含羥基與含硼衍生物。
適當的稀釋氣體可包括(但不限於)氫(H2)、氦(He)、氬(Ar)、氨(NH3)、CO、CO2與上述氣體之組合。在一個實例中,氫氣用來作為稀釋氣體。若期望的話,可添加諸如氮(N2)、氨(NH3)或上述氣體之組合等等的氣體至氣體混合物。Ar、He
與N2可用來控制非晶碳層的密度與沉積速率。N2及/或NH3的添加可用來控制非晶碳層的氫比例。
在某些實施例中,非晶碳層沉積製程包括引發電漿氣體的使用,在烴化合物之前、之後及/或同時將引發電漿氣體引導進入腔室並引發電漿而開始沉積。引發電漿氣體可為高游離電位氣體,高游離電位氣體包括(但不限於)氦氣、氫氣、氮氣、氬氣與上述氣體之組合。引發電漿氣體亦可為化學惰性氣體,諸如氦氣、氮氣、氬氣與上述氣體之組合。氣體的適當游離電位是約5 eV(電子電位)至25 eV。可在烴源氣體之前將引發電漿氣體引導進入腔室,此舉將允許形成穩定的電漿並降低電弧的機率。可應用惰性氣體(例如,氬)作為稀釋氣體及/或載氣,並且惰性氣體可與引發電漿氣體、烴源或上述各者之組合一起引導。
在一個實施例中,可在烴化合物與稀釋氣體流比例在約1:3或更高(例如,約1:32至1:3,例如約1:15至約1:8)下引導烴化合物與稀釋氣體進行非晶碳層沉積。在一個實施例中,可在烴化合物與稀釋氣體流比例在約1:12或更高(例如,約1:18至約1:14)下引導烴化合物與稀釋氣體。在一個實施例中,可在烴化合物與稀釋氣體流比例在約1:15或更高下引導烴化合物與稀釋氣體。在一個實施例中,可在烴化合物與稀釋氣體流比例在約1:32至約1:18下引導烴化合物與稀釋氣體。在一個實例中,稀釋氣體是氫氣。已經發現相對於烴化合物的數量引導大量的稀釋氣體(例如,氫氣)進入沉積腔室能夠進一步增強生長過程中自非晶碳層移除-H
原子。由於非晶碳層具有大量的C-C鍵結、C=C鍵結與C-H鍵結,氫氣可在非晶碳層沉積過程中作為蝕刻氣體。舉例而言,在沉積過程中,氫拆散而變成氫游離基團(radical),氫游離基團會附著至非晶碳層的表面上的氫鬆散鍵結並形成氫氣,藉此在生長過程中自非晶碳層移除-H原子。
在某些實施例中,可用上述方式調整沉積製程以致沉積速率不會太快(即,低於2000Å/分),以進一步降低非晶碳層中的-H含量。
可藉由維持約0.5托或更高(例如,約0.5托至約20托)的腔室壓力自製程氣體沉積非晶碳層,且在一個實施例中,腔室壓力約6托或更高(例如,約6托至約8托)。在一個實施例中,可維持約1托至約9托(例如,約3托)的腔室壓力。
可在維持基板溫度為約25℃至約800℃(例如,約200℃至約700℃的溫度或約300℃至約650℃的溫度,例如約480℃至約650℃)的腔室中,自烴源氣體與稀釋氣體源沉積非晶碳層。在高溫下沉積非晶碳層確保剛沉積層具有低量的-H含量與良好的熱穩定性而開始。亦已經發現由於表面原子的擴散提高,在升高溫度下沉積非晶碳層產生較佳的缺陷「埋」能力與較密的膜,較密的膜對應地改良膜的蝕刻選擇性。若期望的話,可應用約200℃至約300℃的較低基板溫度。
在沉積非晶碳層時,噴頭與基板表面之間的電極間距可在約100密爾與5,000密爾間距之間,例如約400密爾間距。
在應用電漿的某些實施例中,將烴源、稀釋氣體源
與引發電漿氣體引導進入腔室並引發電漿好開始沉積。雙頻式RF系統可被用來產生電漿。由於咸信離子撞擊膜表面的能量影響膜密度,咸信雙頻式RF功率應用可提供獨立控制的通量與離子能量。咸信高頻率電漿控制電漿密度而低頻率電漿控制離子撞擊基板表面的動能。雙頻式混合RF功率源提供約10 MHz至約30 MHz範圍中的高頻率功率(例如,約13.56 MHz)以及約10 KHz至約1 MHz範圍中的低頻率功率(例如,約350 KHz)。當雙頻式RF系統被用來沉積非晶碳層時,第二RF功率與總體混合頻率功率的比例較佳是低於約0.6比1.0(0.6:1)。可根據基板尺寸與應用的設備來改變施加的RF功率以及一或多個頻率的應用。在某些實施例中,可應用單頻式RF功率應用,且一般而言,單頻式RF功率應用是本文所述之高頻率功率的應用。
可藉由在約0.01 W/cm2至約5 W/cm2(例如,約0.01至約2 W/cm2,例如約1.55 W/cm2)比上基板表面積的功率密度下施加RF功率來產生電漿。針對300 mm基板而言,功率應用可約1瓦至約2,000瓦,例如約1,000 W至約1,700 W(例如,約1,400 W)。在某些實施例中,功率應用可約500瓦至約600瓦。
在300 mm圓形基板上沉積非晶碳層的示範性沉積製程發生在高溫下且應用引發電漿氣體(例如,氬)、烴源(例如,丙烯(C3H6))與稀釋氣體(例如,氫(H2))。製程包括在約0 sccm至約50,000 sccm(例如,約0 sccm至約8000 sccm之間)的流動速率下供應引發電漿氣體(例如,氬)、在約100 sccm
至約50,000 sccm(例如,約600 sccm至約3000 sccm)的流動速率下供應烴源(例如,丙烯(C3H6)),及在約10 sccm至約20,000 sccm(例如,約200 sccm至約8000 sccm)的流動速率下供應稀釋氣體源(例如,氫(H2))、在約10 W至約2,000 W(例如,約500 W至1800 W)下施加雙頻式RF功率(約13.56 MHz)、維持約0.5托約20托(例如,約1托至15托)的腔室壓力,及維持高於約200℃(例如,約480℃至約650℃之間)的基板溫度。可調整烴源氣體與稀釋源氣體的流動速率以達成約1:32至1:10的烴化合物與稀釋氣體流比例。此製程範圍提供非晶碳層約100 Å/分至約5,000 Å/分範圍的沉積速率。在閱讀本文之揭露內容後,熟悉技術人士可計算出適當製程參數以產生不同沉積速率的非晶碳層。
在300 mm圓形基板上沉積非晶碳層的另一個示範性沉積製程發生在低溫下且應用引發電漿氣體(例如,氬)、烴源(例如,乙炔(C2H2))與稀釋氣體(例如,氫(H2))。製程包括在約0 sccm至約50,000 sccm(例如,約0 sccm至約15,000 sccm之間)的流動速率下供應引發電漿氣體(例如,氬)、在約100 sccm至約50,000 sccm(例如,約500 sccm至約3000 sccm)的流動速率下供應烴源(例如,乙炔(C2H2)),及在約10 sccm至約20,000 sccm(例如,約500 sccm至約9000 sccm)的流動速率下供應稀釋氣體源(例如,氫(H2))、在約10 W至約2,000 W(例如,約500 W至1800 W)下施加雙頻式RF功率(約13.56 MHz)、維持約0.5托約20托(例如,約1托至15托)的腔室壓力,及維持約200℃至約650℃之間的基板溫度。可調整烴源
氣體與稀釋源氣體的流動速率以達成約1:32至1:10的烴化合物與稀釋氣體流比例。在閱讀本文之揭露內容後,熟悉技術人士可計算出適當製程參數以產生不同沉積速率的非晶碳層。
提供下方非限制性實例來進一步描繪本文所述關於非晶碳沉積的實施例。然而,實例並非意欲為無所不包且並非意欲用來限制本文所述之實施例的範圍。
在Producer®系統中的基板上沉積2000Å的非晶碳層。如下述般來沉積非晶碳層:提供約1600 sccm流動速率的氬至製程腔室、提供約4000 sccm流動速率的氫(H2)至製程腔室、提供約1000 sccm流動速率的丙烯(C3H6)至製程腔室、在約500 W/cm2至約1700 W/cm2比上基板表面積的功率密度下施加高頻RF功率(13.56 MHz)、維持約575℃的沉積溫度、維持約11托的腔室壓力,與約350密爾的間距持續約100秒的時間週期。
在步驟404中,在已經沉積非晶碳層於基板上之後,將基板傳送至UV腔室(例如,參照第2圖討論於上的串聯式製程腔室200)進行非晶碳層的UV固化。可在相同處理系統中原位執行UV固化製程,舉例而言,自參照第1圖討論於上的製程腔室125傳送至系統中的串聯式製程腔室200而不破壞真空。已經顯示以UV固化製程處理沉積的非晶碳層顯著地改良-H含量的降低,如此是因為UV輻射破壞沉積的非晶碳層中更多的C:C鏈(以產生較短的鏈)且因為UV輻射破
壞更多的C:H鍵結,並改變碳原子與不同鍵結之相對濃度的混成(hybridization)鍵結自sp3-混成群集(高度失序結構,壓縮應力區)至sp2-混成群集(秩序結構,不具應力/稍具張力區)。因此,提高非晶碳層的膜密度,如此會接著導致硬遮罩膜的較高蝕刻選擇性。
在一個實施例中,在約1,000毫瓦/cm2至約1,500毫瓦/cm2(例如,約500毫瓦/cm2與約1,350毫瓦/cm2之間)的UV功率下將基板上沉積有非晶碳的基板暴露至UV輻射。在一個實例中,可將沉積的非晶碳層暴露至UV輻射達約10秒與約600秒之間(例如,約300秒與約900秒之間)。UV輻射可包括一個範圍的UV波長且UV輻射可包括一個或多個同時波長(simultaneous wavelength)。適當的UV波長包括約1 nm與約400 nm之間的波長,且適當的UV波長可進一步包括高達約600或780 nm的光學波長。在一個實例中,UV波長包括約100 nm與約350 nm之間的波長。如期望般,UV輻射應用可發生在多個波長下、可調波長發射與可調功率發射,或複數個波長之間的調製,且UV輻射應用可自單一UV燈發射或自UV燈的陣列施加。
在UV固化處理過程中,在真空(例如,低於約1毫托)至約大氣壓力(即,760托)之間的腔室壓力(例如,約100托)下,可將製程腔室的溫度維持高於200℃(例如,約450℃與約650℃之間)。UV輻射源可與基板表面相隔約100密爾與約600密爾之間。選擇性地,可在UV固化製程過程中引導製程氣體。適當的製程氣體包括氧(O2)、氮(N2)、氫(H2)、氦(He)、
氬(Ar)、水蒸汽(H2O)、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、烴氣體、氟碳化合物氣體、氟化烴氣體或上述氣體之組合。烴化合物的式可為CXHY、CXFY、CXFYHZ或上述之組合,其中x是1與6之間的整數、y是4與14之間的整數、而z是1與3之間的整數。
提供以下非限制性實例來進一步描繪本文所述關於非晶碳層之UV固化的實施例。然而,實例並非意欲為無所不包且並非意欲用來限制本文所述之實施例的範圍。
在約550℃的腔室溫度下與約1,350毫瓦/cm2的施加功率與約400 nm的波長下,將具有以步驟402中所述方式沉積之非晶碳層的基板暴露至UV輻射達約900秒。可在氬與氦氛圍中執行UV固化,且Ar流約16,000 sccm、He流約16000 sccm而壓力是6托。在UV固化後,非晶碳層呈現低於約20%的-H含量與高達1.98 g/cc的提高膜密度。
第5圖繪示掃描電子顯微影像,掃描電子顯微影像描繪根據本文所述實施例形成之非晶碳層「A」相對於傳統非晶碳膜「B」(例如,自Applied Materials,Inc.(Santa Clara,California)商業上購得的APF 550)之圖案化性能比較上的對照。表I提供根據本文所述實施例形成之非晶碳層相對於APF 550之膜性質的對照。表I中描繪的結果顯示雖然提供多個與APF 550膜相似的性質(諸如,光學性質與膜密度),但根據本文所述實施例形成之非晶碳層相對於傳統非晶碳膜APF 550(參見第5圖)在20nm或甚至15nm的臨界尺寸下呈現優異圖
案化性能2x並超出且接線彎曲控制(例如,降低LER約20%)。
上述的本發明實施例允許形成具有低氫含量、降低壓縮膜應力與高膜密度的非晶碳膜,此舉是藉由在高溫下與較慢的沉積速率下沉積非晶碳層、並接著高溫、低壓的UV固化製程,以致沉積的膜是高度富含碳且帶有低於20% -H含量。本發明提出的非晶碳層之UV固化是用以在沉積膜中取得較低的H含量,此舉與工業中一般用來自膜抽出氫的離子撞擊或摻雜方式相反,自膜抽出氫的離子撞擊或摻雜方式會提
高沉積膜中的壓縮應力。非晶碳膜的提高密度造成硬遮罩膜的較高蝕刻選擇性,藉此提供良好的接線邊緣粗糙度、接線寬度粗糙度與空間寬度粗糙度,而不具有如同利用傳統非晶碳硬遮罩於次45 nm元件上常見的接線擺動與彎曲問題。
雖然上文關於本發明的某些實施例,但可在不悖離本發明之基本範圍下設計出本發明之其他實施例與進一步實施例,且本發明之範圍由隨後之申請專利範圍所確定。
450‧‧‧製程
402、404‧‧‧步驟
Claims (15)
- 一種處理一基板的方法,包括以下步驟:引導一氣體混合物進入一沉積腔室,該氣體混合物包括一烴源與一稀釋氣體,該沉積腔室位於一處理系統中;在一約200℃與約700℃之間的溫度下,自該沉積腔室中之該氣體混合物產生一電漿,以在該基板上形成一非晶碳層,其中該非晶碳層的一氫含量低於約20%;以不破壞真空的方式傳送該基板進入一固化腔室,該固化腔室位於該處理系統中;以及在一高於約200℃的固化溫度下,暴露該基板至該固化腔室中的UV輻射。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該非晶碳層在一低於2000Å/分的沉積速率下與一約480℃至約650℃的溫度下被沉積。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該基板在一約1托至約9托的腔室壓力下、一約1,000毫瓦/cm2至約1,500毫瓦/cm2的UV功率下與一約450℃至約650℃的溫度下被暴露至UV輻射。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該烴源與該稀釋氣體在一約1:12或更大的烴源與稀釋氣體流比例下被引導進入該沉積腔室。
- 如請求項4所述之方法,其中該烴源與該稀釋氣體在一約1:32至約1:18的烴源與稀釋氣體流比例下被引導進入該沉積腔室。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該稀釋氣體包括氫(H2)、氦(He)、氬(Ar)、氨(NH3)、CO、CO2或上述氣體之組合。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該烴源氣體是選自下列氣體所構成之群組:乙炔(C2H2)、丙烯(C3H6)、丙炔(C3H4)、丙烷(C3H8)、丁烷(C4H10)、丁烯(C4H8)、丁二烯(C4H6)、乙烯基乙炔與上述氣體之組合。
- 一種處理一基板的方法,包括以下步驟:引導一氣體混合物進入一沉積腔室,該氣體混合物包括一烴源與一稀釋氣體,該沉積腔室位於一處理系統中,其中該烴源與該稀釋氣體在一約1:12或更大的烴源與稀釋氣體流比例下被引導進入該沉積腔室;自該沉積腔室中之該氣體混合物產生一電漿,以在該基板上形成一低氫含量非晶碳層,其中該非晶碳層的一氫含量低於約20%;以不破壞真空的方式傳送該基板進入一固化腔室,該固化腔室位於該處理系統中;以及暴露該基板至該固化腔室中的UV輻射。
- 如請求項8所述之方法,其中該基板在一約1,000毫瓦/cm2至約1,500毫瓦/cm2的UV功率下與一高於約200℃的溫度下被暴露至UV輻射。
- 一種形成一半導體元件的方法,包括以下步驟:藉由下述步驟在一基板上形成一非晶碳層,該基板位於一沉積腔室中,該沉積腔室位於一處理系統中:引導一氣體混合物進入該沉積腔室,該氣體混合物包括一烴源與一稀釋氣體;以及在一約200℃與約700℃之間的溫度下,自該沉積腔室中之該氣體混合物產生一電漿,以在該基板上形成一非晶碳層,其中該非晶碳層的一氫含量低於約20%;以不破壞真空的方式傳送該基板進入一固化腔室,該固化腔室位於該處理系統中;在一高於約200℃的固化溫度下,暴露形成於該基板上的該非晶碳層至該固化腔室中的UV輻射;在該非晶碳層的至少一區中界定一圖案;以及利用該非晶碳層作為一遮罩,將界定於該非晶碳層之該至少一區中的該圖案轉移進入該基板。
- 如請求項10所述之方法,其中該非晶碳層在一低於2000Å/分的沉積速率下與一約480℃至約650℃的溫度下被沉積。
- 如請求項10所述之方法,其中該基板在一約1托至約9托的腔室壓力下與一約1,000毫瓦/cm2至約1,500毫瓦/cm2的UV功率下被暴露至UV輻射。
- 如請求項10所述之方法,其中該烴源與該稀釋氣體在一約1:32至約1:18的烴源與稀釋氣體流比例下被引導進入該沉積腔室。
- 如請求項10所述之方法,其中該稀釋氣體包括氫(H2)、氦(He)、氬(Ar)、氨(NH3)、CO、CO2或上述氣體之組合。
- 如請求項10所述之方法,其中該烴源氣體是選自下列氣體所構成之群組:乙炔(C2H2)、丙烯(C3H6)、丙炔(C3H4)、丙烷(C3H8)、丁烷(C4H10)、丁烯(C4H8)、丁二烯(C4H6)、乙烯基乙炔與上述氣體之組合。
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US20130302996A1 (en) | 2013-11-14 |
KR20150007287A (ko) | 2015-01-20 |
US8679987B2 (en) | 2014-03-25 |
WO2013169427A1 (en) | 2013-11-14 |
KR102066524B1 (ko) | 2020-01-15 |
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