TW201306826A - 植物大麻素大麻二酚(cbd)與標準抗癲癇藥物(saed)組合於治療癲癇之用途 - Google Patents
植物大麻素大麻二酚(cbd)與標準抗癲癇藥物(saed)組合於治療癲癇之用途 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201306826A TW201306826A TW100145265A TW100145265A TW201306826A TW 201306826 A TW201306826 A TW 201306826A TW 100145265 A TW100145265 A TW 100145265A TW 100145265 A TW100145265 A TW 100145265A TW 201306826 A TW201306826 A TW 201306826A
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- cbd
- cannabidiol
- saed
- epilepsy
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Abstract
本發明是有關於呈一大於300 mg/天之劑量的大麻二酚(cannabidiol,CBD)與一經由鈉或鈣通道來作用的標準抗癲癇藥物(SAED)之組合供用於治療癲癇的用途。較佳地,該SAED是如下的一者:‧改變低-閾值的或暫時性的神經性鈣流,或‧減少高-頻率神經性放電與鈉-依賴型動作電位以及增強GABA效用。較佳的SAED’s是乙琥胺(ethosuximide)與丙戊酸鹽(valproate)。
Description
本發明是有關於植物大麻素大麻二酚(cannabidiol,CBD)與一標準抗癲癇藥物(standard anti-epileptic drug,SAED)之組合的用途。較佳地,該CBD是被用來組合以一具有一經由鈉或鈣通道來作用的作用機制的SAED,而更佳地是如下的一者:
● 改變低-閾值的(low-threshold)或暫時性的(transient)神經性鈣流,如藉由乙琥胺(ethosuximide)所例示;或
● 減少高-頻率神經性放電(high-frequency neuronal firing)與鈉-依賴型動作電位(sodium-dependent action potentials)以及可額外地增強GABA效用,如藉由丙戊酸鹽(valproate)所例示。
癲癇是一種造成一廣泛範圍疾病的慢性神經性障礙(chronic neurological disorder),它影響世界上大約5千萬的人口(Sander,2003)。在瞭解人體內部的“內生性大麻素系統(endocannabinoid system)”上的進展已致使聯想的是:以大麻(cannabis)為基礎的藥物可具有治療此種障礙在中樞神經系統上的過度興奮的潛力(Mackie,2006,Wingerchuk,2004,Alger,2006)。
大麻已被歸類為有促-痙攣(pro-convulsant)(Brust et al.,1992)以及抗-痙攣(anti-convulsant)效用這兩者。因此,仍然要測定的是,大麻二酚是否表現出一尚待要被揭露的治療抗痙攣劑,或者相反地,一對於大麻的娛樂性與醫療性使用者的潛在風險因子(Ferdinand et al.,2005)。
在1975年,Consroe等人描述年輕男人的案例,他的標準治療[苯巴比妥(phenobarbitol)以及苯妥因(phenytoin)]無法控制他的癲癇發作(seizures)。當他在社交上開始吸食大麻時,他沒有癲癇發作。然而,當他僅服用大麻時,癲癇發作恢復。他們推論:“大麻(marihuana)在人類癲癇上可能具有一抗-痙攣效用”。
一項由Ng(1990)所進行的研究涉及一具有308位癲癇病人的較大族群,在他們的初次癲癇發作(seizures)後已准予入院。他們被拿來相較於一具有294位不曾患有癲癇發作之病人的控制組族群,並且被發現到使用大麻似乎可以降低患有癲癇發作的可能性。然而,這個研究在一醫藥學會的報導(1999)中被批評,他們主張該研究是“薄弱的”,因為“該研究沒有包括測量住院之前的健康狀態,並且在他們的健康狀態上的差異可能會影響他們的藥物使用”,而非相反的情形。
三個經控制的試驗已經研究了大麻二酚的抗癲癇潛力。在各個試驗中,大麻二酚呈口服的形式而被給予至全身性大發作型癲癇(generalised grand mal)或局部性癲癇發作(focal seizure)的患者。
Cunha等人(1980)報導了一項在16位於傳統的藥物治療上反應不良好的大發作型癲癇病人身上的研究。他們接受他們的常規藥物治療以及200-300 mg的大麻二酚或一安慰劑(placebo)。在接受CBD的病人中,有3位顯示出完全的改善,有2位部分的改善,有2位微小的改善,而有1位維持未改變。唯一非所欲的副作用是溫和的鎮靜作用(sedation)。在接受該安慰劑的病人中,有1位改善,而有7位維持未改變。
Ames(1986)報導了一項較不成功的研究,其中12位癲癇病人除了標準抗癲癇藥物之外,每天被給予200-300 mg的大麻二酚。在發作頻率上似乎無顯著的改善。
Trembly等人(1990)以一個單獨的病人來執行一項開放性實驗,該病人每天被給予900-1200 mg的大麻二酚歷時10個月。在這個單獨的病人中,發作頻率是被明顯地降低。
除了上述揭露內容暗示了CBD可能是有助益的之外,有一項報導(Davis & Ramsey)是將四氫大麻酚(tetrahydrocannabinol,THC)投藥給5位被收容的孩童,他們對於他們的標準治療(苯巴比妥與苯妥因)沒有反應。1位變成完全地無癲癇發作,1位變成幾乎完全地無癲癇發作,而其他3位則沒有比之前還嚴重。
在WO 2006/054057中,它暗示了大麻素四氫次大麻酚(cannabinoid Tetrahydrocannabivarin,THCV)可以具有抗癲癇性的作用,部分在2005年經由Tomas等人所證實。
此外,WO 2009/007697描述一種THCV以及CBD的藥學配方。該配方被建議要用在許多不同類型的疾病(包括癲癇)上。
然而,部分地由於在病人與病人之間不同的癲癇發作感受性(seizure susceptibility),有超過40種可辨認的癲癇症候群的類型(McCormick and Contreras,2001,Lutz,2004),並且有一挑戰是尋找可有效對抗這些不同類型的藥物。
神經活性(neuronal activity)是一供用於適當的大腦功能的先決條件。然而,干擾神經活性的興奮性-抑制性平衡可能會誘發癲癇性發作(epileptic seizures)。這些癲癇性發作可以被歸類為下列兩種基本類型:
a. 局部性(Partial),以及
b. 全身性癲癇發作(Generalised seizures)。
局部性癲癇發作起源於特定的大腦區域並且維持局部性[最常見地為顳葉(包含海馬迴)],而全身性癲癇發作出現於整個前腦中,有如一局部性癲癇發作的一繼發性全身化(a secondary generalisation)(McCormick and Contreras,2001,Lutz,2004)。這種局部性與全身性癲癇發作分類的概念沒有成為普遍的作法,直到國際抗癲癇聯盟(International League Against Epilepsy)在1969年發表了一癲癇性發作的分類表(Merlis,1970,Gastaut,1970,Dreifuss et al.,1981)。
該國際抗癲癇聯盟進一步將局部性癲癇發作分類,並取決於一意識狀態的存在或損傷而將它們區分為簡單性與複雜性(Dreifuss et al.,1981)。
該聯盟亦將全身性癲癇發作分類為數個臨床的癲癇發作類型,它們的某些實例被概述如下:失神性癲癇發作(Absence seizures)頻繁地發生,具有一突然的初發(onset)並且中斷正在進行的活動。此外,口語能力受到癲癇發作而有持續僅幾秒鐘的變慢或被阻礙(Dreifuss et al.,1981)。
強直-陣攣性癲癇發作(Tonic-clonic seizures)[通常被知曉為“大發作型癲癇(grand mal)”]是最頻繁被遇到的全身性癲癇發作(Dreifuss et al.,1981)。這種全身性癲癇發作類型具有兩個階段:強直性肌肉收縮,它接著轉變成為痙攣運動的陣攣性階段。病人在整個癲癇發作過程中維持無意識,並且之後歷時一段可變的時間週期。
失張性癲癇發作(Atonic seizures)[被知曉為“跌倒發作(drop attack)”]是突然喪失在身體中的一特定肌肉、肌肉群或所有肌肉之肌肉張力的結果(Dreifuss et al.,1981)。
癲癇性發作的初發可能是具有生命威脅的,亦伴隨著患者經歷長期性健康問題(Lutz,2004)。這些問題可以有下列許多形式:
● 心理健康問題(例如,阻礙在孩童時期之正常麩胺酸的突觸發育);
● 認知缺陷(例如,降低在海馬迴中用以學習與儲存記憶的神經迴路的能力);以及
● 型態改變[例如,在表現中間顳葉癲癇(mesial temporal lobe epliepsy)的病人中,由於興奮性毒性而在海馬迴的CA1與CA3區域中之神經元的選擇性喪失](Swann,2004,Avoil et al.,2005)。
值得注意的是,癲癇亦嚴重地影響患者的生活型態-可能生活在恐懼起因於一大發作型癲癇發作而隨之發生的傷害(例如,頭部傷害)中,或者除非具有一段長的無癲癇發作期間,否則無法執行日常活動或是無法開車(Fisher et al.,2000)。
有許多不同的標準抗癲癇藥物是目前可獲得的,包括:乙醯唑胺(acetozolamide)、卡巴氮平(carbamazepine)、氯巴占(clobazam)、可那氮平(clonazepam)、乙琥胺(ethosuximide)、艾司利卡西平醋酸鹽(eslicarbazepine acetate)、佳巴本汀(gabapentin)、拉科醯胺(lacosamide)、lamotriquine、左乙拉西坦(levetiracetam)、奧卡西平(oxcarbazepine)、苯巴比妥(phenobarbitol)、苯妥因(phenytoin)、普瑞巴林(pregabalin)、乙苯嘧啶二酮(primidone)、盧非醯胺(rufinamide)、丙戊酸鈉(sodium valproate)、噻加賓(tiagabine)、托比拉邁(topiramate)、丙戊酸鹽(valproate)、威嘎巴純(vigabatrin)以及唑尼沙胺(zonisamide)。
部分的這些藥物的作用模式是被瞭解的,而對於其它則是未知的。一些作用的模式被說明於下面的表1(採用自:Schachter SC. Treatment of seizure. In: Schachter SC,Schomer DL,eds. The comprehensive evaluation and treatment of epilepsy. San Diego,CA: Academic Press;1997. p. 61-74)中:
三種被良好地建立並且被廣泛地使用之癲癇的活體內模型(in vivo models)為:
● 戊烯四唑(pentylenetetrazole,PTZ)-誘發的全身性癲癇發作的模型(Obay et al.,2007,Rauca et al.,2004);
● 毛果芸香鹼(pilocarpine)-誘發的顳葉(亦即,海馬迴)癲癇發作的模型(Pereira et al.,2007);以及
● 盤尼西林(penicillin)-誘發的局部性癲癇發作的模型(Bostanci and Bagirici,2006)。
這些提供了一系列的癲癇發作與癲癇模型,而對於在人類身上的治療研究而言是必須的。
專利申請案WO 02/064109描述了一種藥學配方,其中大麻素THC以及CBD被使用。該專利申請案繼續說明這些大麻素的丙基類似物亦可被使用於該配方之中。既然該專利申請案被撰寫,它已顯示的是:THCV以一種非常不同於THC的方式來作用,因而假設“大麻素的丙基類似物以一種相似於它們的戊基對應物的方式來作用”目前不是有效的。
專利申請案GB 0911580.9描述了THCV供用於治療全身性癲癇發作之用途,亦被描述的是大麻素CBD與THCV之組合的用途。
本發明的一目的是要鑑別出新穎的藥物組合,它將增強或另外在SAED’s的使用上提供助益。一組合的使用要比傳統上可允許較低劑量之所使用的SAED’s。
依據本發明的一第一個方面,呈一大於300 mg/天之劑量的大麻二酚(CBD)與一經由鈉或鈣通道來作用的標準抗癲癇藥物(SAED)之組合供用於治療癲癇有被提供。
該經由鈉或鈣通道來作用的SAED可藉由一如下的藥物而被例示:
● 改變低-閾值的或暫時性的神經性鈣流,諸如乙琥胺(ethosuximide);或
● 減少高-頻率神經性放電與鈉-依賴型動作電位(以及可額外地增強GABA效用),諸如丙戊酸鹽(valproate);
相反地,當在一毛果芸香鹼模型中測試時,一(單獨地)增強GABAergic抑制的SAED(有如相反於經由鈉或鈣通道來作用,諸如苯巴比妥)與CBD組合似乎沒有提供助益。因此,CBD與例如乙琥胺以及丙戊酸鹽(具有被定義與明確的涉及鈣與鈉通道之作用機制的SAED’s)的選擇性助益是無法被預期的。
依據本發明的一第二個方面,呈一大於300 mg/天之劑量的大麻二酚(CBD)與一經由鈉或鈣通道來作用的標準抗癲癇藥物(SAED)之組合在製備一用來治療癲癇之醫藥品上的用途有被提供。
依據本發明的一第三個方面,一種用於治療癲癇的方法有被提供,該方法包含有:對一有此需要的個體投藥以呈一大於300 mg/天之劑量的大麻二酚(CBD)與一經由鈉或鈣通道來作用的標準抗癲癇藥物(SAED)之組合。
依據本發明的一第四個方面,一種組合產品有被提供,該組合產品包含有:呈一大於300 mg/天之劑量的大麻二酚(CBD),以及一經由鈉或鈣通道來作用的標準抗癲癇藥物(SAED)。
各別的藥物可連同要被組合服用的說明書而被分別地包裝,或可以被配製成一單獨使用產品。
較佳地,該經由鈉或鈣通道來作用的標準抗癲癇藥物是取自於下列所構成的群組:乙琥胺與丙戊酸鹽。
較佳地,該被治療之癲癇的類型是一全身性癲癇發作或一顳葉性癲癇發作。
該組合可提供下列的一或多種助益:
a. 減少強直-陣攣性癲癇發作的發生率(incidence);
b. 增加一病人無癲癇發作的時間量;
c. 增加癲癇發作初發的潛伏期(latency);
d. 降低癲癇發作的整體期間;以及
e. 減少癲癇發作的嚴重性(severity)與死亡率(mortality)。
因此,該組合是特別地適用於治療一般被認為是對於現存的藥物治療具有抵抗力的病況(conditions)。該組合比起該SAED被單獨使用時所會使用者,似乎亦可允許使用較低劑量的SAED’s。
在一個具體例中,該CBD是與一或多種治療上有效的其他植物大麻素一起被使用。
較佳地,該一或多種治療上有效的其他植物大麻素是THCV和/或CBDV。
在一個具體例中,該CBD是呈一經分離的形式。
在一個進一步的具體例中,該CBD是呈一植物性藥物物質的形式。
僅作為範例說明,本發明的數個具體例是參照以下隨文檢附的圖式而被描述,其中:第1A-C圖顯示呈100 mg/kg的CBD與丙戊酸鹽之組合在PTZ-誘發的癲癇發作上的效用;第2A-C圖顯示CBD與丙戊酸鹽在PTZ-誘發的癲癇發作之潛伏期、期間以及嚴重性上的效用;第3A-C圖顯示呈100 mg/kg的CBD與乙琥胺在PTZ-誘發的癲癇發作上的效用;第4A-C圖顯示100 mg/kg CBD與丙戊酸鹽之組合在毛果芸香鹼-誘發的癲癇發作之發展上的抗-痙攣效用;第5A-C圖顯示100 mg/kg CBD與丙戊酸鹽之組合在毛果芸香鹼-誘發的癲癇發作之發展與死亡發生率(mortality incidence)上的效用。
第1圖的圖例說明:A,具有(黑色長條)與不具有(白色長條) 100 mg/kg CBD的死亡率(%);B,具有(黑色長條)與不具有(白色長條) 100 mg/kg CBD的無癲癇發作(%);C,具有(黑色長條)與不具有(白色長條) 100 mg/kg CBD之發展出最嚴重的(強直-陣攣性)癲癇發作的動物(%)。
第2圖的圖例說明:A,達至癲癇發作初發的潛伏期;B,那些存活的動物之癲癇發作活動的期間;C,中位數癲癇發作嚴重性。
第3圖的圖例說明:A,不具有(黑色)或具有(未填滿的灰色) 100 mg/kg CBD,在不同劑量的乙琥胺下達至癲癇發作初發的潛伏期;B,癲癇發作嚴重性;C,死亡率百分比,如同於A中所示之符號說明。
第4圖的圖例說明:初發的平均潛伏期(A),雙側的癲癇發作的發展(B)以及強直-陣攣性癲癇發作(C)。
第5圖的圖例說明:A,在每一劑量群組中的動物展現完全地發展強直-陣攣性癲癇發作的比例(%);B,在每一劑量群組中的動物死亡的比例(%);C,在每一劑量群組中的動物無癲癇發作的比例(%)。
下面的實施例描述了經分離的CBD與標準抗癲癇藥物(SAEDs)之組合在二種不同的癲癇模型(亦即PTZ-誘發的癲癇發作模型以及毛果芸香鹼-誘發的癲癇發作模型)上的用途。在這些實施例中所使用的SAEDs是乙琥胺、丙戊酸鹽以及苯巴比妥(僅在毛果芸香鹼的模型中使用)。重要的是要注意:有許多不同的SAEDs是可獲得的,並且被選擇供用於這些實驗的藥物提供了一個植物大麻素CBD如何能組合以在治療癲癇上所使用之不同類別的藥物來作用的通用概觀。
5個具有蓋子的6L有機玻璃槽(Perspex tanks)被置於一單一的實驗台上,而在它們之間具有分隔板(dividers)。閉路電視(CCTV)相機被安裝於該等分隔板上以觀察大鼠的行為。Sony Topica CCD相機(Bluecherry,USA)經由BNC纜線而被連接至一經由Brooktree數位訊號捕捉卡(Brooktree digital capture cards,Bluecherry,USA)的低-雜訊PC。Zoneminder(http://www.zoneminder.com)軟體被使用來監控大鼠、起始與終止紀錄,以及管理錄影檔案。內部Linux scripts是被使用來將錄影檔案編碼成為一適合的格式,以供進一步使用The Observer(Noldus Technologies)來進行離線分析。
一範圍的PTZ劑量(50-100 mg/kg體重)是被使用來測定用於誘發癲癇發作的最佳劑量(數據未被顯示)。作為一結果,被腹膜內地注射的一為80 mg/kg的劑量(IP;配於0.9%生理食鹽水中的50 mg/ml儲備溶液)被使用來篩選該CBD/SAEDs的組合。
在測試當天,經分離的CBD以一為100 mg/kg的劑量經由腹膜內(i.p.)注射而被投藥,而在旁被注射以一相配體積的大麻素載劑[2:1:17,乙醇:聚氧乙烯醚蓖麻油(cremophor):0.9% w/v NaCl溶液]的動物作為陰性對照組。在動物接受一為80 mg/kg PTZ的IP注射的時間點之後,牠們接著被觀察歷時1小時。陰性載劑對照組與大麻素給藥的個體平行地被執行。在接受一劑量的PTZ之後,動物被觀察與錄影,俾以測定癲癇發作的嚴重性以及對於數種癲癇發作行為類型的潛伏期(參見下面的活體內分析)。動物在癲癇發作的最後徵兆之後被攝錄歷時半個小時,並且接而被送回至它們的飼養籠中。
動物在實驗過程期間被觀察,但所有的分析是在所紀錄的錄影檔案上利用The Observer行為分析軟體(Noldus,Netherlands)而被離線進行。一癲癇發作嚴重性計分系統被使用來測定由個體所經歷的癲癇發作的位準(Pohl & Mares,1987)。所有癲癇發作的徵兆針對所有動物而被詳細紀錄。
從PTZ注射至第一次肌肉抽搐(first myoclonic jerk,FMJ;計分值為1),以及至動物獲得“前肢陣攣,伴隨有強直成分與身體扭曲”(計分值為3.5)的潛伏期(以秒計)被紀錄。FMJ是一癲癇發作活動(seizure activity)之初發的指標,同時大於90%的動物會發展到計分值為3.5,因此FMJ是一發展更嚴重癲癇發作的良好標記。在一實驗群組內,數據是以平均值±S.E.M.而被表示。
基於下面的計分表,這裡針對每一實驗群組來提供中位數。
在一實驗群組內的動物因為PTZ-誘發的癲癇發作而死亡的百分比。注意的是,大多數發展出強直-陣攣性癲癇發作(計分值為4與5)的動物以死亡作為結果,而一為6的計分值(死亡)自動地代表動物亦經歷過強直-陣攣性癲癇發作。
從癲癇發作的初次徵兆(典型地為FMJ)至發作的最後徵兆的時間(以秒計),或者就死亡的個體而言,死亡的時間-將動物區分為存活的以及那些沒有存活的。這裡針對每一實驗群組來提供平均值±S.E.M.。
為了測量潛伏期與嚴重性,單因子變異數分析(ANOVA)在測試群組上被執行,俾以偵測CBD與SAEDs的整體組合效用(p≦0.05被視為顯著性)。
顯著的ANOVA結果繼而進行事後檢定(post hoc tests),俾以測試在載劑以及藥物群組之間的差異[塔基檢定(Tukey’s test),p≦0.05被視為顯著性]。
從第1圖中可以被看見的是,添加CBD至SAED丙戊酸鹽中在減少百分死亡率與強直-陣攣性癲癇發作的發生率上具有一效果。亦被顯示的是,CBD與較高劑量的丙戊酸鹽的組合在增加動物是無癲癇發作的時間總數上是較為有效的。
第2圖證實CBD與丙戊酸鹽的組合在所有劑量範圍之下可以增加達至癲癇發作初發的潛伏期,此外它降低了癲癇發作的整體期間。
在第3圖中所顯示的數據證實CBD與SAED乙琥胺的組合在減少癲癇發作的嚴重性與死亡率上亦是有效的。在較高劑量的乙琥胺下,它亦可以增加達至癲癇發作初發的潛伏期。
在此實施例中所說明的數據清楚地顯示,當在治療全身性癲癇發作時,CBD與一具有涉及鈉或鈣通道之一作用機制的SAED之組合是有價值的。
配於標準載劑[1:1:18,乙醇:聚氧乙烯醚蓖麻油(cremophor):0.9% w/v NaCl]中的經分離的CBD是以一為50、100以及200 mg/kg的劑量而被腹膜內(IP)注射,而在旁的動物接受呈一相配體積的載劑本身。15分鐘之後,甲基莨菪鹼(methylscopolamine)[1 mg/kg;用來減少毛果芸香鹼的周邊蕈毒鹼效用(peripheral muscarinic effect)]被投藥,繼而45分鐘之後投藥毛果芸香鹼(380 mg/kg,IP)。
第4圖說明一由CBD與丙戊酸鹽所構成的組合在毛果芸香鹼模型中的抗-痙攣效用。這些數據顯示該由CBD與丙戊酸鹽所構成的組合可以增加癲癇發作初發的潛伏期。從在第5圖所例示說明的數據中可以被看見的是,除了增加癲癇發作初發的潛伏期,該由CBD與丙戊酸鹽所構成的組合可以降低死亡率與強直-陣攣性癲癇發作的百分比。
下面的表2.1更詳細地描述該等數據。
上面的表清楚地顯示使用一由2種化合物所構成的組合的某些優點。
下面的表2.2描述使用植物大麻素CBD與另一種SEAD苯巴比妥之組合在癲癇的毛果芸香鹼模型中的效用。
在對比於丙戊酸鹽組合的數據,此結果證實上述組合的選擇性本質可能歸因於這些SAED’s的不同的作用機制。
在上面的實施例中所說明的數據顯示,該由CBD與經由鈉或鈣通道來作用的標準抗癲癇藥物所構成之組合可有益於治療不同類型的癲癇。此發現對於許多癲癇患者(他們的病況對於現存藥物治療是具有抵抗力的)而言是具有重大意義的。
第1A-C圖顯示呈100 mg/kg的CBD與丙戊酸鹽之組合在PTZ-誘發的癲癇發作上的效用;
第2A-C圖顯示CBD與丙戊酸鹽在PTZ-誘發的癲癇發作之潛伏期、期間以及嚴重性上的效用;
第3A-C圖顯示呈100 mg/kg的CBD與乙琥胺在PTZ-誘發的癲癇發作上的效用;
第4A-C圖顯示100 mg/kg CBD與丙戊酸鹽之組合在毛果芸香鹼-誘發的癲癇發作之發展上的抗-痙攣效用;以及
第5A-C圖顯示100 mg/kg CBD與丙戊酸鹽之組合在毛果芸香鹼-誘發的癲癇發作之發展與死亡發生率(mortality incidence)上的效用。
Claims (12)
- 一種呈一大於300 mg/天之劑量的大麻二酚,其(CBD)與一經由鈉或鈣通道來作用的標準抗癲癇藥物(SAED)組合以供用於治療癲癇。
- 一種呈一大於300 mg/天之劑量的大麻二酚(CBD)與一經由鈉或鈣通道來作用的標準抗癲癇藥物(SAED)之組合在製備一用來治療癲癇之醫藥品上的用途。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項的大麻二酚(CBD)或CBD的用途,其中該SAED是一如下的藥物:改變低-閾值的或暫時性的神經性鈣流,或減少高-頻率神經性放電與鈉-依賴型動作電位以及增強GABA效用。
- 如申請專利範圍第1-3項中任一項的大麻二酚(CBD)或CBD的用途,其中該SAED是選自於下列所構成的群組:乙琥胺與丙戊酸鹽。
- 如申請專利範圍第1-4項中任一項的大麻二酚(CBD)或CBD的用途,其中該被治療之癲癇的類型是全身性發作或顳葉性發作。
- 如申請專利範圍第1-5項中任一項的大麻二酚(CBD)或CBD的用途,其中該被治療之癲癇的類型對於現存的藥物治療是有抵抗力的。
- 如申請專利範圍第1-6項中任一項的大麻二酚(CBD)或CBD的用途,其中該CBD與一或多種其他治療上有效的植物大麻素一起被使用。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項的大麻二酚(CBD)或CBD的用途,其中該一或多種其他治療上有效的植物大麻素是THCV和/或CBDV。
- 如申請專利範圍第1-8項中任一項的大麻二酚(CBD)或CBD的用途,其中該CBD是一經分離的植物大麻素。
- 如申請專利範圍第1-9項中任一項的大麻二酚(CBD)或CBD的用途,其中該CBD是呈一植物性藥物物質的形式。
- 一種用於治療癲癇的方法,其包含對一有此需要的個體投藥以呈一大於300 mg/天之劑量的大麻二酚(CBD)與一經由鈉或鈣通道來作用的標準抗癲癇藥物(SAED)之組合。
- 一種組合產品,其包含呈一大於300 mg/天之劑量的大麻二酚(CBD),以及一經由鈉或鈣通道來作用的標準抗癲癇藥物(SAED)。
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