201125680 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是關於使用球芯式透鏡硏磨加 鏡硏磨加工方法，更詳細地說，是關於使 硏磨加工一元化，只使用精硏磨用的鉢形 進行透鏡素材之粗硏磨及精硏磨的透鏡球 法。 【先前技術】 於球面透鏡的硏磨加工，對壓製成型 材，或者是對圓棒狀透鏡素材裁剪後所獲 素材施以粗硏磨（粗硏磨作業），藉此獲 狀透鏡面的粗硏磨透鏡。其次，對粗硏磨 面施以精硏磨（精硏磨作業），藉此獲得 精度之球狀透鏡面的精硏磨透鏡。對硏磨 球狀透鏡面施以拋光加工，就可獲得具備 精度之透鏡球面的透鏡。 如上述，先前的球面透鏡硏磨加工是 和精硏磨作業。粗硏磨作業是藉由使用杯 進行粗硏磨加工，精硏磨作業是藉由使用 裝置進行精硏磨加工。上述球面透鏡的硏 示在專利文獻1、2、3。專利文獻1、2是 中更換杯型砂輪和鉢形砂輪，藉此不需使 能夠進行粗硏磨及精硏磨。專利文獻3， 工裝置之球面透 粗硏磨加工和精 砂輪就能夠連續 面之硏磨加工方 品形成的透鏡素 得的圓柱狀透鏡 得具備有大槪球 透鏡的球狀透鏡 具備有指定形狀 加工後所獲得的 有最終目標形狀 包括粗硏磨作業 型砂輪的硏磨盤 鉢形砂輪的硏磨 磨加工方法是揭 於同一硏磨裝置 用個別的裝置就 揭示著使用粗硏 -5- 201125680 磨用的杯型砂輪進行精硏磨的方法。 [先行技術文獻] [專利文獻] [專利文獻1]日本專利特開2006-297520號公報 [專利文獻2]日本專利特開2009-66724號公報 [專利文獻3]日本專利特開2009-9041 4號公報 【發明內容】 [發明欲解決之課題] 由粗硏磨作業和精硏磨作業構成之球面透鏡的硏磨加 工方法有下述要解決的課題。首先，因粗硏磨維持加工精 度較困難，所以在精硏磨作業會因透鏡素材形狀不均造成 鉢形砂輪的磨損激烈，有時就難以維持精硏磨的加工精度 。此外，粗硏磨和精硏磨是需要各別不同的加工技術，因 此就需要各別加工技術熟練的技術者。 本發明的課題是有鑑於上述問題點，提供一種使粗硏 磨作業和精硏磨作業一元化，只使用精硏磨用的鉢形工具 對透鏡素材表面施以硏磨加工，就能夠獲得可進入拋光作 業之精硏磨狀態的透鏡球面之球面透鏡之硏磨加工方法。 [用以解決課題之手段] 爲了解決上述課題，本發明是一種將具備有金剛石磨 粒之球狀砂輪面的鉢形砂輪以指定的加工壓力抵壓硏磨對 象透鏡素材的被硏磨面，在該狀態下，以指定的旋轉數旋 -6- 201125680 轉上述鉢形砂輪的同時邊擺動邊將上述被硏磨面硏磨成球 面之使用鉢形砂輪之透鏡球面的硏磨加工方法，其特徵爲 ，具有： 上述加工壓力爲第1加工壓力，上述旋轉數爲第1旋 轉數進行硏磨的初期硏磨步驟； 上述加工壓力爲第2加工壓力，上述旋轉數爲第2旋 轉數進行硏磨的中期硏磨步驟；及 上述加工壓力爲第3加工壓力，上述旋轉數爲第3旋 轉數進行硏磨的後期硏磨步驟， 上述第2加工壓力是能夠使上述球狀砂輪面侵入上述 透鏡素材的壓力，接著從上述透鏡素材的硬度，及上述透 鏡素材的上述被硏磨面和上述鉢形砂輪的上述球狀砂輪面 之接觸面積，算出上述鉢形砂輪的侵入量，根據該侵入量 算出上述第2加工壓力， 上述第2旋轉數，設定成可將上述加工壓力設定成上 述第2加工壓力的狀況下使上述鉢形砂輪的上述金剛石磨 粒侵入上述透鏡素材的旋轉數， 上述第1加工壓力設定成比上述第2加工壓力還低的 値，上述第1旋轉數設定成比上述第2旋轉數還低的値， 上述第3加工壓力設定成比上述第1加工壓力還低的 値，上述第3旋轉數設定成比上述第2旋轉數還低但比上 述第1旋轉數還高的値。 上述的所謂「能夠侵入透鏡素材的旋轉數」是指當上 述加工壓力設定成上述第2加工壓力使鉢形砂輪的旋轉數 201125680 改變時’可使加工時間幾乎沒有改變之最大旋轉數以下的 旋轉數。即’旋轉數若是比該最大旋轉數還高時，則導致 的狀況是加工時間無法縮短’鉢形砂輪的球狀砂輪面和透 鏡素材的被硏磨面之間產生滑動，磨粒不會侵入透鏡素材 表面。 於此，上述初期硏磨步驟是一直進行到上述透鏡素材 的上述被硏磨面形成爲全體接觸上述球狀砂輪面的狀態爲 止即可’上述中期硏磨步驟是一直進行到上述透鏡素材的 中心厚度形成爲比目標値還多出事先所設定尺寸的狀態爲 止即可。 此外，以至少於上述中期硏磨步驟中，定期改變上述 透鏡素材的上述被硏磨面滑動在上述鉢形砂輪的上述球狀 砂輪面的區域爲佳。 本發明中，當上述透鏡素材的硬度爲努氏硬度（ Knoop hardness ) 63 0時，上述第2加工壓力爲1 Okg/cm2 ，上述第2旋轉數爲150〇rpm，上述第〗加工壓力爲 2kg/cm2，上述第1旋轉數爲400〜600rpm，上述第3加工 壓力可設定成1 .5kg/cm2，上述第3旋轉數可設定成 1 OOOrpm 〇 其次，本發明的球芯式透鏡硏磨加工裝置，其特徵爲 ，具有· 上述透鏡素材保持用的透鏡保持具； 抵壓有上述透鏡保持具所保持之上述透鏡素材的上述 被硏磨面之具備有球狀砂輪面的鉢形砂輪； -8- 201125680 可選擇性施加第1加工壓力、第2加工壓力及第3加 工壓力做爲將上述透鏡素材抵壓在上述球狀砂輪面用之加 工壓力的加壓機構； 可使上述鉢形砂輪旋轉的旋轉機構； 可使上述鉢形砂輪擺動的擺動機構：及 控制上述加壓機構、上述旋轉機構及上述擺動機構的 驅動執行上述硏磨加工方法的控制器。 [發明效果] 根據本發明時，只以透鏡的精硏磨加工技術進行加工 ’因此能夠實現加工技術的簡化、設備的一元化、管理的 一元化’如此一來，就能夠提昇透鏡球面的硏磨加工精度 、品質。 【實施方式】 [發明之最佳實施形態] 二乂下，參照圖面對應用本發明的透鏡球面之硏磨加工 方法的實施形態進行說明。 (球芯式透鏡硏磨加工裝置） 第1圖是表示利用本發明的方法進行球面透鏡之硏磨 加工的球芯式透鏡硏磨加工裝置一例的機構圖。球芯式透 鏡硏磨加工裝置丨，具備上單元2及下單元3。上單元2 具備向下狀態的透鏡保持具4，透鏡保持具4是安裝在透 -9- 201125680 鏡加壓軸5的下端’利用加壓缸筒6可朝下往單元中心軸 線2a的方向加壓。透鏡保持具4的朝下的透鏡保持面4a 能以可繞著單元中心軸線2 a旋轉的狀態保持著加工對象 的透鏡素材7。此外，上單元2是對下單元3成可朝著接 近或遠離的方向相對移動。 下單元3具備向上狀態的鉢形砂輪8，該鉢形砂輪8 具有凹狀的球狀砂輪面8 a，該球狀砂輪面8 a具備有金剛 石磨粒，在該該球狀砂輪面8 a，抵壓有保持在上單元2側 的透鏡素材7的被硏磨面7 a。鉢形砂輪8是以同軸狀態固 定在主軸9的上端，主軸9是由主軸馬達10驅動成繞著 其中心軸線9a旋轉。此外，鉢形砂輪8及其旋轉機構（ 主軸9、主軸馬達10)是由擺動機構11支撐著，擺動機 構1 1是以可使鉢形砂輪8的球狀砂輪面8 a位於中心軸線 2a上的擺動中心0爲中心，使鉢形砂輪8能以設定的擺 動角度Θ、設定的加工半徑R、設定的擺動方向擺動。 於此，加壓缸筒6的加壓力，可由第1調節器12、第 2調節器13及第3調節器14轉換成三階段。由該等第1 調節器〗2、第2調節器1 3及第3調節器14設定壓力的動 作流體，分別是透過可轉換開關的第1〜第3轉換閥1 5、 16、17供應至加壓缸筒6。該構成的加壓機構（透鏡加壓 軸5、加壓缸筒6、第1〜第3調節器12〜14、第1〜第3 轉換閥1 5〜1 7 )的加壓力轉換控制是轉換第1〜第3轉換 閥1 5〜1 7就能夠執行。 其次，控制器1 8是執行各部的驅動控制，加壓機構 -10- 201125680 的第1〜第3轉換閥1 5〜1 7的轉換控制是由控制器i 8執 行。此外，控制器1 8是根據測長器1 9的測定結果，監視 透k素材7的硏磨加工量，根據該硏磨加工量執行轉換閥 15〜17的轉換控制’轉換將透鏡素材7的被硏磨面&抵 壓在鉢形砂輪8的球狀砂輪面8a用的加工壓力。再加上 ’控制器1 8是透過變頻器2 0控制主軸馬達1 〇驅動，藉 此控制鉢形砂輪8的旋轉數。又加上，控制器1 8是透過 驅動器2 1控制擺動機構1 1驅動，藉此執行鉢形砂輪8的 擺動方向、擺動角度0的轉換控制及其擺動位置的變更等 (硏磨加工動作的一例） 第2圖是表示球芯式硏磨加工裝置1之球面透鏡的硏 磨加工動作的槪略流程圖。參照第1圖、第2圖進行說明 時，首先，將透鏡素材7安裝在透鏡保持具4的透鏡保持 面4a，形成爲透鏡素材7的被硏磨面7a抵壓在鉢形砂輪 8之球狀砂輪面8 a的狀態（透鏡素材供應步驟S T 1 )。 在該狀態下，開始旋轉、擺動鉢形砂輪8，開始進行 透鏡素材7的被硏磨面7 a的硏磨加工。從硏磨加工的開 始時間點至指定時間經過爲止的初期硏磨步驟ST2，是以 第1調節器1 2所設定的加工壓力於透鏡素材7抵壓在鉢 形砂輪8的狀態下進行硏磨加工。因爲透鏡素材7接觸在 鉢形砂輪8的面積較小’所以加工壓力以停留在能夠不讓 透鏡素材7從透鏡保持具4及鉢形砂輪8之間脫落的最小 -11 - 201125680 限度爲佳，形成爲比下一個步驟即中期硏磨步驟的加工壓 力還小。此外，初期硏磨步驟的鉢形砂輪8的旋轉數是以 較低的旋轉數爲佳，但從兼顧加工時間的觀點來看，以 400〜600rpm爲佳。該旋轉數’同樣是比下一個步驟即中 期硏磨步驟的旋轉數還小。 於初期硏磨步驟ST2中，當透鏡素材7的被硏磨面 7a的硏磨持續，使該被硏磨面7a形成爲大致接觸到鉢形 砂輪8的球狀砂輪面8 a的狀態時就將加工壓力轉換成第2 調節器13所設定的加工壓力。如此一來，硏磨加工就進 入中期硏磨步驟ST3。 中期硏磨步驟ST3的加工壓力是能夠使鉢形砂輪8的 磨粒（金剛石刀刃）侵入透鏡素材7的壓力。加工壓力是 以設定成能夠侵入透鏡素材7之壓力的最小値或者是該附 近的値爲佳。球面透鏡硏磨通常所要求的表面粗糙度爲 4 μιτι程度。因此，施加在透鏡素材7的加工壓力是從該透 鏡素材7的硬度，及透鏡素材7的被硏磨面7a和鉢形砂 輪8的球狀砂輪面8 a之接觸面積，算出鉢形砂輪8的侵 入量，根據該侵入量，就能夠算出中期硏磨步驟的加工踺 力。 此外，中期硏磨步驟的鉢形砂輪8的旋轉數是設定成 能夠使鉢形砂輪8的磨粒（金剛石刀刃）侵入透鏡素材7 的旋轉數。所謂能夠侵入透鏡素材7的旋轉數是指設定成 如上述的加工壓力使鉢形砂輪的旋轉數改變時，可使加H： 時間幾乎沒有改變之最大旋轉數以下的旋轉數。即，旋轉 -12- 201125680 數若是比該最大旋轉數還高時，則導致的狀況是加工時間 無法縮短，鉢形砂輪的球狀砂輪面和透鏡素材的被硏磨面 之間產生滑動，磨粒不能侵入透鏡素材表面的狀況旋轉 數是以設定成能夠侵入透鏡素材7之旋轉數的最大値或者 是該附近的値爲佳。 中期硏磨步驟的硏磨持續，使透鏡素材7的中心厚度 成爲目標厚度還稍微厚之値的階段，就將加工壓力轉換成 第3調節器14所設定的加工壓力。藉此使硏磨加工進入 後期硏磨步驟ST4。 後期硏磨步驟是將硏磨加工的進行速度減慢（降低鉢 形砂輪8的旋轉數），以透鏡素材7的中心厚度不會產生 不均的狀態進行硏磨。使被硏磨面7 a的表面粗糙度硏磨 成目標値的表面粗糙度。後期硏磨步驟，其加工壓力是設 定成比初期硏磨步驟的加工壓力還要更低的壓力，其鉢形 砂輪8的旋轉數是設定成比中期硏磨步驟的旋轉數還低， 但比初期硏磨步驟的旋轉數還高的値。 於此，使用鉢形砂輪的球面硏磨是一種具有複數切削 刃之金鋼石刀刃的切削加工。因此，硏磨加工條件的加工 壓力及鉢形砂輪旋轉數是可根據透鏡素材的硬度進行設定 。即，加工壓力只要設定成與透鏡素材的硬度成比例，旋 轉速度只要設定成與透鏡素材的硬度成反比例即可。透鏡 素材的硬度數據是從素材型錄等就能夠簡單獲得，因此根 據該透鏡素材的硬度就可算出最佳的加壓力、旋轉數。 其次，對透鏡素材7的被硏磨面7 a進行硏磨的鉢形 -13- 201125680 砂輪8的球狀砂輪面8 a的部份若經常爲同一部份時，則 砂輪面會產生偏磨損導致硏磨形狀改變。因此，以定期性 改變透鏡素材7之被硏磨面7 a所抵接的球狀砂輪面8 a的 位置（球狀砂輪面8a上的被硏磨面7a的滑動區域），防 止球狀砂輪面8a的偏磨損，使球狀砂輪面8a全體均勻磨 損，保持一定的硏磨精度爲佳。並以至少於中期硏磨步驟 改變球狀砂輪面8 a上的被硏磨面7 a的滑動區域爲佳。 如以上說明，本實施形態中，對於球面硏磨，使加工 初期的加工壓力爲低壓，旋轉速爲低速，藉此就能夠防止 加工對象透鏡素材的缺損、龜裂。於加工中期，相較於加 工初期是將加工壓力轉換成高壓，將旋轉數轉換成高速， 藉此就能夠縮短加工時間。於加工末期，將加工壓力形成 比加工初期還低壓，將旋轉數形成比加工初期還快，但比 加工中期還慢的中等速度，藉此就能夠確保透鏡素材中心 厚度的精度。如上述，配合硏磨的進行以多階段改變硏磨 條件，只要使用鉢形砂輪就能夠使透鏡素材形成有高精度 的精硏磨面。 (實驗例） 本發明人等是使用本發明的硏磨方法進行了下述加工 本實施例的加工數據如下述： 透鏡素材的材質 TAFD25 透鏡素材的磨損度 90 -14- 201125680 透鏡素材的努氏硬度 63 0 加工球面半徑R 1 80mm 透鏡外徑 37.5mm 鉢形砂輪 金剛石粒 S P 60B #800 首先，進行能夠決定加工壓力的測試。測試條件如τ 述，測試結果如第3圖的表及圖表所示。 球芯式透鏡硏磨加工裝置 NC硏磨機 ΡΜ50型 (製造商：KOJIMAEAGINEERING有限公司） 鉢形砂輪的旋轉數 1 0 0 0 r p m 鉢形砂輪的透鏡接觸面積 4.52cm2 加工量 0.1mm 從測試結果得知，加工壓力爲lOkg/cm2以上時’透 鏡素材的磨損量幾乎沒有改變，因此該壓力就是硏磨加ΐ 效率之最大的點。 其次，使用同一球芯式透鏡硏磨加工裝置，進行能夠 決定鉢形砂輪旋轉數的測試，在加工壓力1 ( 1 5 kg/cm2 ) 及加工壓力2 ( 10 kg/cm2 )的狀況下，調查旋轉數改變時 的加工時間。測試條件除了加工壓力以外其他是和上述的 狀況相同。測試結果如第4圖的圖表所示。 從該測試結果得知，旋轉數接近1 500rpm附近時磨損 量幾乎沒有改變，因此該點就是加工效率最大的點。即， 當加工壓力爲一定，只提高旋轉數時加工時間幾乎沒有改 變的旋轉數就是「能夠侵入的旋轉數」的最大値，若旋轉 數提高成比該値還大時，就會形成爲透鏡素材和鉢形砂輪 -15- 201125680 產生滑動，鉢形砂輪的磨粒不會侵入透鏡素材表面的狀 。該「能夠侵入的旋轉數」的最大値就是加工效率最大 點。該最大値，會因透鏡素材的硬度、鉢形砂輪磨粒的 度、切削液的性能等不同而有所變動，因此只要進行測 加以設定即可。 根據該等測試結果時，得知中期硏磨步驟ST3的加 條件是以加工壓力爲10 kg/cm2，鉢形砂輪的旋轉數 1 5OOrpm爲最佳。以該條件爲基準，分別設定初期硏磨 驟ST2及後期硏磨步驟ST4的加工條件。 本發明人等的實驗是於初期硏磨步驟中，將加工壓 爲2 kg/cm2，鉢形砂輪的旋轉數爲5 00rpm，進行了 10 鐘的硏磨加工。其次，進入中期硏磨步驟，將加工壓力 10 kg/cm2，鉢形砂輪的旋轉數爲1 500rpm，進行了硏磨 工直到透鏡素材成爲多出目標厚度之0.1mm的厚度爲止 接著，進入後期硏磨步驟，將加工壓力爲1.5 kg/cm2, 形砂輪的旋轉數爲1 OOOrpm，進行了硏磨加工直到透鏡 材成爲目標厚度爲止。 其結果，可確認厚度精度是在±0.00 5μΠ1以內。此 ，對硏磨加工面的曲率進行了測定，結果是若進行1 50 加工時，ΔΗ會變成·〇.〇〇1μηι。將擺動位置移位10%又 行1 50次加工時，ΔΗ會回到基準値，因此就將擺動位 恢復成原來位置。經由持續進行該等測試，終於能夠確 硏磨加工面的曲率爲ΔΗ是在0〜Ο.ΟΟΙμηι的範圍內。 況 的 vT/JU -klL 試 工 爲 步 力 秒 爲 加 鉢 素 外 次 進 置 認 201125680 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖爲利用本發明的方法進行透鏡球面之硏磨加工 的球芯式透鏡硏磨加工裝置的機構圖。 第2圖爲表示第1圖裝置的硏磨動作槪略流程圖。 第3圖爲表示透鏡硏磨加工的加工壓力和加工時間之 關係圖表。 第4圖爲表示透鏡硏磨加工的硏磨工具旋轉數和加工 時間之關係圖表。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 :球芯式透鏡硏磨加工裝置 2 :上單元 2 a :中心軸線 3 :下單元 4 :透鏡保持具 4 a :透鏡保持面 5 :透鏡加壓軸 6 :加壓缸筒 7 :透鏡素材 7 a :被硏磨面 8 :鉢形砂輪 8 a :球狀砂輪面 9 :主軸 9a :中心軸線 -17- 201125680 I 〇 :主軸馬達 II :擺動機構 1 2、1 3、1 4 :調節器 15、16、17:轉換閥 1 8 :控制器 1 9 :測長器 20 :變頻器 21 :驅動器 〇 :擺動中心 0 :擺動角度 R :加工球面半徑 -18-201125680 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a method of honing and mirror honing using a spherical lens, and more particularly, to unilaterally honing, using only fine honing The 钵 shape is used for rough honing and fine honing of the lens material. [Prior Art] In the honing processing of the spherical lens, the material obtained by cutting the formed material or the material obtained by cutting the round bar lens material is subjected to rough honing (rough honing operation), thereby obtaining a rough lens surface. Honing the lens. Next, a fine honing (fine honing operation) is applied to the rough honing surface to obtain a precision honing lens of a spherical lens surface with precision. By honing the spherical lens surface, a lens having a lens surface with precision can be obtained. As described above, the previous spherical lens honing process is a fine honing operation. The rough honing operation is performed by using a cup for rough honing, and the honing operation is performed by using a device for fine honing. The above spherical lenses are shown in Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3. Patent Documents 1 and 2 are in which a cup type grinding wheel and a crown type grinding wheel are replaced, whereby it is not necessary to perform rough honing and fine honing. Patent Document 3, a spherical lens obtained by lenticular processing of a smooth surface of a workpiece by a rough honing process and a fine grinding wheel, and a spherical lens having a large spheroid lens having a specified shape The honing and grinding method for the honing disc-shaped grinding wheel which has the final target shape including the rough honing operation type grinding wheel after processing is revealed by the same apparatus for the same honing device, revealing the use of the rough 硏-5- 201125680 grinding The cup type grinding wheel performs the method of fine honing. [PRIOR ART DOCUMENT] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. 2009-66724. [Brief Description of the Invention] [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The honing processing method of a spherical lens composed of a rough honing operation and a fine honing operation has the following problems to be solved. First, it is difficult to maintain the machining accuracy due to the rough honing. Therefore, in the fine honing operation, the wear of the 砂-shaped grinding wheel is severe due to the uneven shape of the lens material, and it is sometimes difficult to maintain the precision of the honing grinding. In addition, rough honing and fine honing require different processing techniques, and therefore require skilled technicians. An object of the present invention is to provide a honing operation and a honing operation in a single-handed manner, and to perform honing processing on a surface of a lens material using only a boring tool for fine boring. The honing processing method of the spherical lens of the lens sphere in the fine honing state of the work. [Means for Solving the Problem] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is a honing surface in which a 砂-shaped grinding wheel having a spherical grinding wheel surface having diamond abrasive grains is pressed against a honing target lens material at a predetermined processing pressure. In this state, the honing processing method of the lens spherical surface using the 砂-shaped grinding wheel is honed to the spherical surface while rotating the honing surface by the specified number of rotations -6-201125680, and is characterized in that The first processing pressure is a first processing pressure, and the number of rotations is an initial honing step of honing the first number of rotations; the processing pressure is a second processing pressure, and the number of rotations is a second rotation number a honing step; and the processing pressure is a third processing pressure, wherein the number of rotations is a third honing step of honing, and the second processing pressure is a pressure that allows the spherical grinding wheel surface to intrude into the lens material Then, the hardness of the lens material and the contact area between the honed surface of the lens material and the spherical grinding wheel surface of the 钵-shaped grinding wheel are The second machining pressure is calculated based on the amount of intrusion of the grinding wheel, and the second rotation number is set such that the diamond grinding wheel of the crown grinding wheel can be set while the machining pressure is set to the second machining pressure. The number of rotations of the lens intrusion into the lens material, the first processing pressure is set to be lower than the second processing pressure, the first number of rotations is set to be lower than the second number of rotations, and the third processing pressure is The crucible is set to be lower than the first machining pressure, and the third rotation number is set to be lower than the second rotation number but higher than the first rotation number. The above-mentioned "number of rotations capable of invading the lens material" means a number of rotations in which the machining time is set to be less than the maximum number of rotations in which the machining time is hardly changed when the machining pressure is set to the second machining pressure so that the number of rotations of the crown grinding wheel is changed to 201125680. . That is, if the number of rotations is higher than the maximum number of rotations, the situation is that the machining time cannot be shortened. The sliding between the spherical grinding wheel surface of the 砂-shaped grinding wheel and the honed surface of the lens material does not intrude into the lens. The surface of the material. Here, the initial honing step is performed until the honed surface of the lens material is formed so as to be in contact with the spherical grinding wheel surface. The intermediate honing step is continued to the center of the lens material. The thickness may be formed in a state in which the size is set to be larger than the target 値. Further, it is preferable that the honed surface on which the lens material is periodically changed in at least the mid-stage honing step is slid over the region of the spherical grinding wheel surface of the crown-shaped grinding wheel. In the present invention, when the hardness of the lens material is Knoop hardness 63 0, the second processing pressure is 1 Okg/cm 2 , the second number of rotations is 150 rpm, and the first processing pressure is 2 kg. /cm2, the first rotation number is 400 to 600 rpm, the third processing pressure can be set to 1.5 kg/cm2, and the third rotation number can be set to 1 OOO rpm. Next, the spherical lens honing processing of the present invention The device includes: a lens holder for holding the lens material; and a crown-shaped grinding wheel having a spherical grinding wheel surface on the honed surface of the lens material held by the lens holder; -8 - 201125680 The first processing pressure, the second processing pressure, and the third processing pressure are selectively applied as a pressurizing mechanism for pressing the lens material against the processing pressure of the spherical grinding wheel surface; a rotating mechanism; a swinging mechanism that can swing the crown-shaped grinding wheel: and a controller that controls the pressing mechanism, the rotating mechanism, and the swinging mechanism to perform the honing processing method. [Effect of the Invention] According to the present invention, processing is performed only by the fine honing processing technique of the lens. Therefore, simplification of the processing technique, unitization of the device, and unitization of management can be realized. Thus, the honing processing of the spherical surface of the lens can be improved. Precision, quality. [Embodiment] [Best Embodiment of the Invention] Next, an embodiment of a honing processing method of a lens spherical surface to which the present invention is applied will be described with reference to the drawings. (Spherical lens honing device) Fig. 1 is a view showing an example of a ball-type lens honing device for performing honing processing of a spherical lens by the method of the present invention. The core type lens honing processing apparatus 具备 has an upper unit 2 and a lower unit 3. The upper unit 2 has a lens holder 4 in a downward state, and the lens holder 4 is attached to the lower end of the -9-201125680 mirror pressurizing shaft 5, and can be pressed downward in the direction toward the unit center axis 2a by the pressurizing cylinder 6. . The downward lens holding surface 4a of the lens holder 4 can hold the lens material 7 of the object to be processed in a state of being rotatable about the unit central axis 2a. Further, the upper unit 2 is relatively movable in the direction in which the lower unit 3 is movable toward or away from. The lower unit 3 is provided with an upturned grinding wheel 8 having a concave spherical grinding wheel surface 8a, the spherical grinding wheel surface 8a being provided with diamond abrasive grains, and the spherical grinding wheel surface 8a is offset The honed surface 7a of the lens material 7 held on the upper unit 2 side is pressed. The crown-shaped grinding wheel 8 is fixed to the upper end of the main shaft 9 in a coaxial state, and the main shaft 9 is driven by the spindle motor 10 to rotate about its central axis 9a. Further, the crown-shaped grinding wheel 8 and its rotating mechanism (the spindle 9, the spindle motor 10) are supported by the swinging mechanism 11, and the swinging mechanism 1 1 is such that the spherical grinding wheel surface 8a of the crown-shaped grinding wheel 8 is placed on the central axis 2a. Center 0 is the center, so that the crown-shaped grinding wheel 8 can swing at a set swing angle Θ, a set machining radius R, and a set swing direction. Here, the pressing force of the pressurizing cylinder 6 can be converted into three stages by the first regulator 12, the second regulator 13, and the third regulator 14. The operating fluids that set the pressure by the first regulator 2, the second regulator 13 and the third regulator 14 are supplied to the first to third switching valves 15 , 16 , and 17 through the switchable switch, respectively. Pressurize the cylinder 6. The pressure conversion control of the pressurizing mechanism (the lens pressurizing shaft 5, the pressurizing cylinder 6, the first to third regulators 12 to 14, and the first to third switching valves 15 to 17) of the configuration is a conversion 1 to 3rd switching valves 1 5 to 1 7 can be executed. Next, the controller 18 performs drive control of each unit, and the switching control of the first to third switching valves 15 to 17 of the pressurizing mechanism -10- 201125680 is executed by the controller i 8 . Further, the controller 18 monitors the amount of honing processing of the k-thick material 7 based on the measurement result of the length measuring device 19, and performs switching control of the switching valves 15 to 17 in accordance with the honing processing amount 'converts the lens material 7 The honed surface & presses the processing pressure for the spherical grinding wheel surface 8a of the 砂-shaped grinding wheel 8. Further, the controller 18 controls the spindle motor 1 〇 to be driven by the inverter 20, thereby controlling the number of rotations of the crown wheel 8. Further, the controller 18 controls the swing mechanism 11 to be driven by the actuator 21, thereby performing the swing control of the swinging wheel 8, the switching control of the swing angle 0, and the change of the swing position (an example of the honing operation). Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart showing the honing processing operation of the spherical lens of the core-type honing processing apparatus 1. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, first, the lens material 7 is attached to the lens holding surface 4a of the lens holder 4, and the honed surface 7a of the lens material 7 is pressed against the spherical shape of the dome-shaped grinding wheel 8. The state of the grinding wheel surface 8 a (lens material supply step ST 1 ). In this state, the boring grinding wheel 8 is started to be rotated and oscillated, and the honing process of the honed surface 7a of the lens material 7 is started. The initial honing step ST2 from the start time of the honing processing to the passage of the designated time is honing in a state where the lens material 7 is pressed against the crown-shaped grinding wheel 8 at the processing pressure set by the first regulator 12. . Since the lens material 7 is in contact with the area of the dome-shaped grinding wheel 8 is small, the processing pressure is preferably limited to a minimum of -11 - 201125680 which can prevent the lens material 7 from falling off between the lens holder 4 and the crown-shaped grinding wheel 8, and is formed as The processing pressure is lower than the next step, the mid-stage honing step. Further, the number of rotations of the crown-shaped grinding wheel 8 in the initial honing step is preferably a low number of rotations, but it is preferably 400 to 600 rpm from the viewpoint of the processing time. This number of rotations is also smaller than the number of rotations of the next step, the intermediate honing step. In the initial honing step ST2, when the honing of the honed surface 7a of the lens material 7 continues, the honed surface 7a is formed to substantially contact the spherical grinding wheel surface 8a of the 砂-shaped grinding wheel 8, The machining pressure is converted into the machining pressure set by the second regulator 13. As a result, the honing process proceeds to the intermediate honing step ST3. The processing pressure in the intermediate honing step ST3 is a pressure at which the abrasive grains (diamond blades) of the dome-shaped grinding wheel 8 can intrude into the lens material 7. The processing pressure is preferably a minimum enthalpy set to the pressure at which the lens material 7 can be invaded or a ruthenium in the vicinity. Spherical lens honing typically requires a surface roughness of 4 μιτι. Therefore, the processing pressure applied to the lens material 7 is calculated from the hardness of the lens material 7, and the contact area between the honed surface 7a of the lens material 7 and the spherical grinding wheel surface 8a of the 砂-shaped grinding wheel 8, and the intrusion of the 砂-shaped grinding wheel 8 is calculated. The amount can be calculated based on the amount of intrusion, and the processing force of the medium-term honing step can be calculated. Further, the number of rotations of the crown-shaped grinding wheel 8 in the middle-stage honing step is set to a number of rotations at which the abrasive grains (diamond blades) of the crown-shaped grinding wheel 8 can intrude into the lens material 7. The number of rotations that can be invaded into the lens material 7 is a number of rotations in which the number of rotations of the crown-shaped grinding wheel is changed as described above, and the number of rotations in which the H: time is hardly changed is set to be less than or equal to the maximum number of rotations. That is, if the number of rotation -12-201125680 is higher than the maximum number of rotations, the situation is that the machining time cannot be shortened, and the spherical grinding wheel surface of the crown-shaped grinding wheel and the honed surface of the lens material are slipped, and the abrasive grains are generated. The number of rotations that cannot enter the surface of the lens material is preferably the maximum number of rotations that can be set to intrude into the lens material 7, or the number of turns in the vicinity. The honing of the intermediate honing step is continued, and the machining pressure is converted into the machining pressure set by the third regulator 14 at a stage where the center thickness of the lens material 7 is slightly thicker than the target thickness. Thereby, the honing process is advanced to the later honing step ST4. The honing step is to slow down the progress of the honing process (reducing the number of rotations of the honing wheel 8), and honing in a state where the center thickness of the lens material 7 does not become uneven. The surface roughness of the surface to be honed 7 a is honed to the surface roughness of the target crucible. In the later honing step, the processing pressure is set to a pressure lower than the processing pressure of the initial honing step, and the number of rotations of the 砂-shaped grinding wheel 8 is set to be lower than the number of rotations in the mid-stage honing step, but is lower than the initial stage. The number of rotations in the honing step is also high. Here, the spherical honing using the 砂-shaped grinding wheel is a cutting process of a diamond blade having a plurality of cutting edges. Therefore, the machining pressure of the honing processing conditions and the number of rotations of the 砂-shaped grinding wheel can be set according to the hardness of the lens material. That is, the machining pressure is set to be proportional to the hardness of the lens material, and the rotation speed may be set to be inversely proportional to the hardness of the lens material. Since the hardness data of the lens material can be easily obtained from the material type, etc., the optimum pressing force and number of rotations can be calculated based on the hardness of the lens material. Next, if the portion of the spherical grinding wheel surface 8a of the -13--13-201125680 grinding wheel 8 which is honed by the honing surface 7a of the lens material 7 is often the same portion, the grinding wheel surface may be partially worn. Honing the shape changes. Therefore, the position of the spherical grinding wheel surface 8a to which the honed surface 7a of the lens material 7 abuts (the sliding area of the honed surface 7a on the spherical grinding wheel surface 8a) is periodically changed to prevent the spherical grinding wheel The partial wear of the surface 8a makes the entire spherical grinding wheel surface 8a uniformly wear, and it is preferable to maintain a certain honing precision. It is preferable to change the sliding area of the honed surface 7a on the spherical grinding wheel surface 8a at least in the middle honing step. As described above, in the present embodiment, the spherical honing is such that the processing pressure at the initial stage of processing is low, and the rotational speed is low, whereby the defect or crack of the lens material to be processed can be prevented. In the middle of processing, the processing pressure is converted to a high pressure at the beginning of processing, and the number of revolutions is converted to a high speed, whereby the processing time can be shortened. At the end of the processing, the machining pressure is formed at a lower pressure than the initial stage of the machining, and the number of revolutions is formed faster than the initial stage of the machining, but at a medium speed which is slower than the middle of the machining, whereby the accuracy of the center thickness of the lens material can be ensured. As described above, the honing condition is changed in multiple stages in conjunction with the honing, and the lens material can be formed into a highly precise fine grinding surface by using a 砂-shaped grinding wheel. (Experimental Example) The inventors of the present invention performed the following processing using the honing method of the present invention as follows: The material of the lens material TAFD25 The wear of the lens material 90 - 14 - 201125680 The Knoop of the lens material Hardness 63 0 Machining spherical radius R 1 80mm Lens outer diameter 37.5mm Crucible grinding wheel diamond grain SP 60B #800 First, a test capable of determining the processing pressure is performed. The test conditions are as described in τ, and the test results are shown in the table and chart in Figure 3. Core lens honing processing device NC honing machine ΡΜ 50 type (manufacturer: KOJIMAEAGINEERING Co., Ltd.) Number of rotations of the 砂-shaped grinding wheel 1 0 0 0 rpm The lens contact area of the 砂-shaped grinding wheel is 4.52 cm2. The processing amount is 0.1 mm. When the processing pressure is lOkg/cm2 or more, the amount of wear of the lens material hardly changes, so this pressure is the point at which the efficiency of honing and twisting is the greatest. Next, using the same core lens honing device, a test capable of determining the number of rotations of the 砂-shaped grinding wheel is performed, and the rotation is investigated under the conditions of the processing pressure 1 (15 kg/cm2) and the processing pressure 2 (10 kg/cm2). The processing time when the number is changed. The test conditions are the same as those described above except for the processing pressure. The test results are shown in the graph in Figure 4. From the test results, it is known that the amount of wear hardly changes when the number of rotations is near 1,500 rpm, so this point is the point at which the processing efficiency is the greatest. In other words, when the machining pressure is constant, the number of rotations in which the machining time hardly changes when the number of rotations is increased is the maximum number of "number of rotations that can be intruded". If the number of rotations is increased to be larger than the number of turns, a lens is formed. Material and 砂-shaped grinding wheel-15- 201125680 Produces a sliding, abrasive grain of the 砂-shaped grinding wheel does not invade the surface of the lens material. The biggest flaw in the "number of rotations that can be invaded" is the maximum processing efficiency. This maximum 値 varies depending on the hardness of the lens material, the degree of the abrasive grain of the 砂-shaped grinding wheel, and the performance of the cutting fluid. Therefore, it is only necessary to set the measurement. According to the results of the tests, it was found that the addition condition of the intermediate honing step ST3 was carried out at a processing pressure of 10 kg/cm2, and the rotation number of the 砂-shaped grinding wheel was preferably 1500 rpm. The processing conditions of the initial honing step ST2 and the later honing step ST4 are set based on the conditions. The experiment by the inventors of the present invention was carried out in the initial honing step, in which the machining pressure was 2 kg/cm2, the number of rotations of the crown-shaped grinding wheel was 500 rpm, and honing was performed for 10 hours. Next, in the middle honing step, the processing pressure is 10 kg/cm2, the number of rotations of the 砂-shaped grinding wheel is 1,500 rpm, and the honing work is performed until the lens material becomes a thickness of 0.1 mm more than the target thickness. In the procedure, the processing pressure was 1.5 kg/cm2, the number of rotations of the grinding wheel was 10,000 rpm, and honing was performed until the lens material became the target thickness. As a result, it was confirmed that the thickness accuracy was within ±0.00 5 μΠ1. Thus, the curvature of the honed surface was measured, and as a result, ΔΗ became 〇.〇〇1μηι when the processing was performed at 150. When the swing position is shifted by 10% and the machining is performed 150 times, ΔΗ returns to the reference 値, so the swing position is restored to the original position. By continuing these tests, it is finally possible to confirm that the curvature of the machined surface is ΔΗ in the range of 0 Ο.ΟΟΙμηι. The vT/JU-klL trial is a step force second for the addition of the secondary sub-input 201125680. [Simplified illustration] Figure 1 is a spherical lens for honing the lens sphere by the method of the present invention. Mechanism diagram of the honing processing device. Fig. 2 is a flow chart showing the honing operation of the apparatus of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the processing pressure and the processing time of the lens honing process. Fig. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of rotations of the honing tool and the machining time for the lens honing process. [Main component symbol description] 1 : Spherical lens honing processing device 2 : Upper unit 2 a : Center axis 3 : Lower unit 4 : Lens holder 4 a : Lens holding surface 5 : Lens pressing shaft 6 : Pressurizing cylinder Cartridge 7: Lens material 7 a : honed surface 8 : 钵 shaped grinding wheel 8 a : spherical grinding wheel surface 9 : spindle 9 a : center axis -17 - 201125680 I 〇: spindle motor II : oscillating mechanism 1 2, 1 3, 1 4: Regulators 15, 16, 17: Switching valve 1 8 : Controller 1 9 : Length measuring device 20 : Inverter 21 : Drive 〇: Swing center 0 : Swing angle R : Machining spherical radius -18-