201014902 九、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於冷卻紅熱焦炭之焦炭乾式滅火設備及焦 炭乾式滅火方法。 【先前技術】 設置於製鐵所等之焦炭乾式滅火設備（Coke Dry Quenching equipment: CDQ)爲利用鈍性氣體等的冷卻氣 體，將在焦炭爐所被乾餾之紅熱焦炭予以滅火之設備，藉 由使高溫的焦炭徐冷，使焦炭品質提昇，藉此，謀求製鐵 用高爐的作業穩定化。焦炭乾式滅火設備係具有下述特長 ，即藉由在系統內使冷卻氣體循環，能夠防止焦炭粉麈的 飛散，且，爲了省能，藉由廢棄熱鍋爐等的熱回收裝置來 回收焦炭的顯熱。 以往的焦炭乾式滅火設備1的室係如圖6所示，在上 部形成有焦炭裝入口 10之預燃室2、和在底部設有焦炭排 出裝置11之清淨室3呈上下被連結的結構。 清淨室3係下部形成爲錐形狀（例如，倒圓錐形狀或 倒圓錐梯形狀等），在此錐部的中央，設有作爲吹出鈍性 氣體等的冷卻氣體之冷卻氣體供給手段並且用來使焦炭的 下降流動均等化的鼓風壓頭4。鼓風壓頭4包含大致呈圓 錐形狀的傘構件41，從形成於此傘構件41之吹出口（未 圖示），將冷卻氣體朝周方向吹出。且，鼓風壓頭4藉由 在內部具有氣體流路之支承構件42所支承，支承構件42 -5- 201014902 內部的氣體流路係與氣體供給室43連通。又，被氣體供 給室43所供給之冷卻氣體的一部分，亦從配置於相當於 清淨室3的下部之傾斜部的圓周上之冷卻氣體供給手段（ 例如，供給口 44 )供給至清淨室3內。 又，以將預燃室2的主體部包圍於周方向的方式，形 成有用來排出被吹入到清淨室3內之冷卻氣體且分割成複 數個之小煙道5。 φ 在上述結構，經由焦炭裝入口 10，將高溫的紅熱焦炭 裝入到室內，藉由焦炭排出裝置11，從室底部連續地排出 焦炭。此時，在室內下降之焦炭6係與來自於包含鼓風壓 頭4的室下部之冷卻氣體產生熱交換，而被冷卻。另外， 因熱交換而成爲高溫之冷卻氣體通過小煙道5而從室被排 出。又，雖未圖示，所排出的氣體通過除塵器後，被供給 至廢氣體鍋爐等的熱回收裝置並進行熱回收，再次作爲冷 卻氣體而被供給至室內。 ❿ 在此，在室內下降之所有的焦炭6，並非均等地朝正 下方下降，而是受到室的形狀、壁面的影響、及焦炭物性 的差異，會以各種方向取得行進路線而逐漸地下降。受到 此不均等之下降，造成在焦炭6的熱交換產生參差不齊， 造成室全體之冷卻效率低的長年課題存在著。且，由於室 全體之冷卻效率低，故，爲了將焦炭6冷卻至預定溫度， 需要大型室之問題亦存在著。 作爲用以解決上述課題的方法之一，改良鼓風壓頭4 之方法爲眾所皆知（例如，參照專利文獻1、2 )。在專利 -6- 201014902 文獻1記載有，藉由使鼓風壓頭的前端的裙部伸縮驅動， 變更焦炭的通路寬度，來控制熱交換之參差不齊的方法。 又，在專利文獻2，記載有使鼓風壓頭的頭部全體朝上下 方向升降之方法。 但，因在設置於室的下部之鼓風壓頭4，被施加有大 的焦炭6的充塡壓（即，焦炭的質量，因下降所產生之壓 力等），所以，如專利文獻1、2所示，爲了使鼓風壓頭 φ 升降或使前端部伸縮，必須要有昂貴的高輸出之驅動裝置 。並且，由於室內係呈高溫、且含有大量粉塵之環境，故 ，當如專利文獻1、2般將鼓風壓頭作爲運轉動式時，則 會導致設備發生問題之虞。 〔專利文獻1〕日本特開平1-110592號公報 〔專利文獻2〕日本特開昭6 3 - 1 0 6 9 1號公報 【發明內容】 Q 〔發明所欲解決之課題〕 本發明係有鑑於這種情事而開發完成之發明，其目的 在於提供，具備有助於將室內之焦炭的下降均等化，提昇 焦炭的冷卻效率之鼓風壓頭的焦炭乾式滅火設備、及焦炭 乾式滅火方法。 且，本發明之其他目的係在於提供，具備藉由提昇焦 炭的冷卻效率，能夠謀求室的緊緻化之鼓風壓頭的焦炭乾 式滅火設備、及焦炭乾式滅火方法。 201014902 〔用以解決課題之手段〕 本發明之焦炭乾式滅火設備係從下部形成爲錐形狀之 室的上部，裝入紅熱焦炭，從設置於該室內的下部之冷卻 氣體供給手段，吹入冷卻氣體，將下降於室內之紅熱焦炭 予以冷卻，從設置於該室的下部之焦炭排出口排出焦炭之 焦炭乾式滅火設備，其特徵爲：在設置於前述室的下部之 鼓風壓頭的直徑設爲D之主頭的下方，配置有至少—段以 φ 上之具有較主頭小之直徑d的小頭。 前述小頭係配置成，連結其外周端與焦炭排出口的中 心之直線（T1 )和水平軸線所成之角（0 1 )位於6〇度〜 80度的範圍內爲佳。且，連結前述小頭及主頭的外周端與 焦炭排出口的中心之直線（ΤΙ、T2)和水平軸線所成之角 (0 1、β 2 )分別位於60度〜80度的範圍內爲佳。此時 ，所成之θ 1與02亦可爲相同角度，亦可爲不同角度。 且，當將連結前述小頭及主頭的外周端與焦炭排出口 φ 的中心之直線（τι、Τ2 )和水平軸線所成之角（0 i、0 2 )中任一較小的角度設爲04時，前述錐部的傾斜角03 位於04〜04-2 5度的範圍內爲佳。 前述焦炭排出口的口徑Dh係前述小頭的直徑d的1/2 以上（Dh20_5d)爲佳。 前述小頭係配置於：當從形成於該小頭的下方之焦炭 的靜止角下面至焦炭排出口爲止的距離設爲Η時，距離Η 成爲前述焦炭排出口的口徑Dh的1〜5倍之位置爲佳。 且’在前述主頭、或前述主頭與小頭，設置冷卻氣體 -8- 201014902 用的氣體流路，作爲對室內吹入冷卻氣體用之冷卻氣體供 給手段爲佳。 又，本發明之焦炭乾式滅火方法係從下部形成爲錐形 狀之室的上部，裝入紅熱焦炭，從設置於該室內的下部之 冷卻氣體供給手段，吹入冷卻氣體，將下降於室內之紅熱 焦炭予以冷卻，從設置於該室的下部之焦炭排出口排出焦 炭之焦炭乾式滅火方法，其特徵爲：在設置於前述室的下 部之鼓風壓頭的直徑設爲D之主頭的下方’配置至少一段 以上之具有較主頭小之直徑d的小頭，來將在室內下降之 焦炭的流向予以整流。 且，從前述主頭、或前述主頭與小頭，吹入冷卻氣體 ，冷卻前述紅熱焦炭。 〔發明效果〕 若根據本發明的話，在設置於室內的下部之鼓風壓頭 φ 的直徑設爲D之主頭的下方，配置具有較主頭小之直徑d 的小頭，能夠改善室內之焦炭的下降分佈’藉此’可將焦 炭的下降均等化。其結果，室內之焦炭與冷卻氣體的熱交 換被均等化，藉此，使得焦炭的冷卻效率提昇。 且，若根據本發明的話，因藉由將焦炭的下降均等化 ，使得焦炭的冷卻效率提昇，所以能夠謀求室的緊緻化。 特別是亦從小頭吹入冷卻氣體之情況’在以往的構造中未 被作爲冷卻區域所活用之鼓風壓頭（主頭）的下方區域亦 可作爲冷卻區域來加以活用，所以’能夠謀求更進一步的 -9 * 201014902 冷卻效率提昇及室的緊緻化。 【實施方式】 以下，參照圖面詳細說明關於本發明之焦炭乾式滅火 設備及焦炭乾式滅火方法理想實施形態。但，本發明之技 術的範圍不會被以下說明的實施形態所限定解釋。 首先，本實施形態的焦炭乾式滅火設備1的室的結構 ❹㈣圖！及圖2所示’在上部具有焦炭裝入口 10之預燃 室2和在底部具有焦炭排出口 12之清淨室3呈上下被連 結。這些室係能以例如鋼材、磚等的耐火性材料來形成。 又’在焦炭爐所產生之高溫的焦炭6，藉由未圖示的桶等 的焦炭搬送裝置，從焦炭裝入口 10裝入至預燃室2內。 被裝入至預燃室2內之焦炭6逐漸下降而進入到清淨室3 內。且，已進入到清淨室3內之焦炭6 —邊逐漸下降一邊 被冷卻氣體7冷卻，藉由設置於焦炭排出口 12之焦炭排 Φ 出裝置11，連續地排出。一般進行藉由焦炭排出裝置11 連續地排出焦炭6,以整批方式補充焦炭6這樣的作業。 但，不限於此。 清淨室3係下部形成爲錐形狀（例如，倒圓錐形狀或 倒圓錐梯形狀），在此錐部的中央（例如，中心軸上）， 設有作爲用來吹出鈍性氣體等的冷卻氣體之冷卻氣體供給 手段、且用來使焦炭6的下降流動均等化用之鼓風壓頭4 。鼓風壓頭4係如圖2所示，受到貫通錐部的側壁來設置 之大致呈十字形狀的支承構件42所支承。且，以包圍錐 -10- 201014902 部的外周的方式形成有氣體供給室43，貫通錐部的側壁之 支承構件42的端部延伸至氣體供給室43內。又，在支承 構件42的內部，形成有冷卻氣體用的氣體流路（未圖示 )，經由此氣體流路將被氣體供給室43所供給之冷卻氣 體導引至鼓風壓頭4，通過鼓風壓頭4將冷卻氣體吹入至 室內。又，被氣體供給室43所供給之冷卻氣體的一部分 ，亦從配置於相當於清淨室3的下部之傾斜部的圓周上之 _ 冷卻氣體供給手段（例如，供給口 44 )供給至清淨室3內 。但，不限於此結構，亦可從鼓風壓頭4或供給口 41中 的任一方供給冷卻氣體。且，圖2所示之大致呈十字形狀 的支承構件42僅爲一例，若爲可支承鼓風壓頭4的話即 可，不限於該形狀。 本實施形態的鼓風壓頭4係爲具有配置於上段之主頭 41、配置於下段之小頭45的兩段頭構造。主頭41及小頭 45係包含有大致呈圓錐形狀的傘構件，從形成於此傘構件 φ 之吹出口（未圖示），朝例如周方向吹出冷卻氣體。小頭 45係具有較主頭41的直徑（口徑）D更小的直徑（口徑 )d。若符合此條件的話，則各頭的形狀不限於圖1所示 的形狀。理想爲如圖3 ( a)所示，小頭45與主頭41係配 置成連結各頭的外周端（本例的情況爲傘構件之外周端） 與焦炭排出口 12的中心之直線（T1'T2)和水平軸線所 成之角（01、02)位於60度〜80度的範圍內，更理想 爲成爲70度（條件（I ))。此條件（I )之「焦炭排出口 j定義成，作爲一例，如圖3 ( a )所示，意指錐部的傾斜 -11 - 201014902 結束位置（即’錐部的下端面）者。再者，所成之（01 、02)的雙方係60度〜80度的範圍內爲佳，但，若至少 小頭45的所成之0 1位於前述範圍內的話，針對於主頭 41的所成之02，亦可不在前述範圍內。又，在圖3(a) ’顯示角度0 1、02不同之配置的一例，但亦可配置成角 度01與02成爲相同角度。 且，理想爲圖3(a)所示，連結小頭45及主頭41的 φ 外周端與焦炭排出口 12的中心之直線（T1、T2)和水平 軸線所成之角（01、02)中任一較小的角度設爲Θ4時 ，前述錐部的傾斜角03位於04〜04-25度的範圍內（ 條件（Π))。 且，理想爲將圖3(a)所示之焦炭排出口 12的口徑 Dh作爲小頭4 5的直徑d的1 /2以上（Dh 2 0.5 d )(條件 (ΠΙ))。 又，理想爲如圖3 ( b )所示，小頭4 5係配置成：當 〇 將從以形成於其下方之焦炭6的靜止角所形成的空間下面 (hi)至焦炭排出口 12爲止的距離設爲Η時，距離Η成 爲焦炭排出口 12的口徑Dh的1〜5倍，且，理想爲成爲 1〜3倍之位置（條件（IV ))。此條件之「焦炭排出口 」也與上述的條件（I)同樣地被定義。再者，針對於下 面（hi)的高度位置，一般因焦炭的靜止角爲34〜35度 ，所以，能夠使用該値，藉由計算或運算來算出。但，不 限於此，亦可使用焦炭的樣品來測定靜止角等，藉由習知 的手法來求取靜止角。 -12- 201014902 再者，在本實施形態，符合前述的條件（I )及（IV )中的任一方爲佳’但，爲了使焦炭的下降更確實地均等 化，符合條件（I )及（IV )的雙方之條件更佳。且，理 想爲將條件（Π )及/或（III)與條件（I )組合。 又’返回至圖1進行說明。以將預燃室2的圓筒直主 體部包圍於周方向的方式，形成有用來排出冷卻氣體且分 割成複數個之小煙道5。小煙道5係連接有煙道51，經由 _ 作爲第1除塵機之塵埃捕集器52連接於廢棄熱鍋爐等的 熱回收設備53。又在熱回收設備53被冷卻之氣體，通過 第2除塵機54後，藉由鼓風機等的送風手段55，輸送至 予熱器56，然後’再次作爲冷卻氣體而被供給至清淨室3 。由於這些結構爲習知結構，故在此省略其詳細說明。 在上述的焦炭乾式滅火設備1，從焦炭裝入口 10被裝 入至預燃室2內之焦炭6係伴隨來自於清淨室3的底部之 連續排出，而逐漸下降並進入到清淨室3內。然後，在清 φ 淨室3內，藉由與從主頭41及小頭45以及供給口 44所 吹入之冷卻氣體7進行熱交換而冷卻，再藉由焦炭排出裝 置1 1排出。再者，主頭41及小頭45的每單位時間之風 量比率，作成爲8: 2爲佳。在此，在前述先前技術中所 作過之説明般，通常，在室內下降之焦炭6係具有受到室 的形狀、壁面的影響、及焦炭物性的差異，會以各種方向 取得行進路線而逐漸地下降之傾向。本發明者們認爲，此 爲在下降中產生參差不齊之主要原因，因此進行精心檢討 的結果，發現進一步追加尺寸較主頭41小之小頭45，將 -13- 201014902 此小頭45配置於主頭41的下方的話’能夠極力地改善下 降分佈，而開發完成了本發明。特別是主頭41與小頭45 的關係，當符合上述的條件（I )及/或（IV )時，其效果 大，實際進行實驗確認了與焦炭物性具有相當大的關係之 値。 如此，針對可改善下降分佈之理由，本發明者們考量 如下。即，如圖4示意地顯示，在清淨室3的錐部，在室 φ 中央部下降的焦炭，藉由主頭41，朝周方向外側改變流動 的方向，促進下降慢之壁側的焦炭的流向。又，在主頭41 的下方，藉由靜止角形成朝向中央之流動。接著，藉由小 頭45，朝周方向外側改變流動的方向，且促進壁側的焦炭 的流向，在小頭45的下方藉由靜止角形成朝向中央之流 動，再從焦炭排出口 12排出。藉由在錐部整流成這樣的 流動狀態，能夠抑制室中央部的焦炭通過主頭41後，選 擇性地朝焦炭排出口 12下降，使得其與壁側的焦炭均等 鲁 地下降，其結果，改善了清淨室3內的下降分佈。 且，若作成爲符合上述的條件（I)的話，對因焦炭 的內部摩擦角所致之流動性低的區域，更有效果地影響到 朝向藉由主頭41及小頭45所形成之周方向外側的流動之 作用，其結果，能夠更確實地改善下降分佈。即，著眼於 焦炭的內部摩擦角處於75度前後，藉由將主頭41及小頭 45的外周端設定於60度〜80度，可使朝前述周方向外側 對於因內部摩擦角所致之流動性低的區域之流動的作用更 有效地發揮。條件（I )之作用、效果，進一步組合條件 -14- 201014902 (Π)及/或（III )，能變得更爲有效果。 且’上述的條件（IV)爲將小頭45的高度方向的位 置加以理想化之條件，若符合此條件（IV )的話，能夠更 確實地改善下降分佈。即，如圖5示意地顯示，比起在距 離Η較口徑Dh小的情況、及距離Η較口徑Dh的5倍更 大之情況，符合DhS距離HS 5Dh的條件之情況時的下降 分佈變小。這是由於在距離Η較口徑Dh的5倍更大之情 況（圖5 ( b ))時得知，從小頭45至焦炭排出口 12爲止 的距離過長，通過小頭45後的焦炭選擇性地通過中央部 而下降。相反地距離Η較口徑Dh小之情況（圖5 ( a )) 時得知，從小頭45至焦炭排出口 12爲止的距離過短，在 小頭45的下方，朝周方向外側改變方向且藉由靜止角形 成朝向中央之流動前即被排出之故。又，圖5 ( a )的情況 ，亦可得知爲小頭45與室壁面之間焦炭通過的空間變窄 之故。 如以上所述，若根據本實施形態的話，藉由作成爲進 —步追加尺寸較主頭41小的小頭45，將該小頭45配置於 主頭41的下方之兩段頭構造，能夠改善室的錐部內之焦 炭的下降分佈，藉此，可將室全體之焦炭的下降均等化° 室內的焦炭的下降被均等化、及室內之焦炭與冷卻氣體的 熱交換被均等化’其結果’能夠提高焦炭的冷卻效率。特 別是作成爲符合條件（I )〜（IV )的話’能夠更提高該 效果。 且，若根據本實施形態的話，因提昇了焦炭的冷卻效 -15- 201014902 率，所以能夠謀求室的緊緻化。特別是從小頭45亦吹入 冷卻氣體，在以往的構造中未被作爲冷卻區域所活用之主 頭4 1的下方區域亦可作爲冷卻區域來加以活用，所以， 能夠謀求冷卻效率進一步提昇及室的緊緻化。但，亦可不 由小頭45吹入冷卻氣體，僅從主頭41吹入冷卻氣體。 再者，在本發明，配置於主頭41的下方之小頭45並 非僅限1個，亦可作成爲3段以上的多段頭構造。在此情 φ 況，隨著成爲下段，縮小頭的口徑（d)爲佳。 以上，針對本發明之一實施形態及實施例進行了說明 ，但在不超出本發明之技術思想及範圍內，能夠進行各種 修正及變更，這些修正及變更亦含於本發明之技術範圍。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1係本發明之實施形態之焦炭乾式滅火設備的槪略 圖。 ❹ 圖2係上述焦炭乾式滅火設備的横斷面圖。 圖3(a) 、（b)係顯示上述焦炭乾式滅火設備的鼓 風壓頭之圖。 圖4係用來說明上述鼓風壓頭的作用之圖。 圖5(a) 、（b)係用來說明藉由上述鼓風壓頭所達 到之效果的圖。 圖6係以往的焦炭乾式滅火設備的槪略圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 -16- 201014902 1 :焦炭乾式滅火設備 2 :預燃室 3 :清淨室 4 :鼓風壓頭 41 :主頭 42 :支承構件 4 5 :小頭[Technical Field] The present invention relates to a coke dry fire extinguishing apparatus for cooling red hot coke and a coke dry fire extinguishing method. [Prior Art] Coke Dry Quenching Equipment (CDQ), which is installed in a steel plant, is a device that uses a cooling gas such as a passive gas to extinguish a red hot coke that has been retorted in a coke oven. The high-temperature coke is quenched to improve the quality of the coke, thereby stabilizing the operation of the blast furnace for iron making. The coke dry fire extinguishing system has the advantage that the coke breeze can be prevented from being scattered by circulating the cooling gas in the system, and in order to save energy, the coke is recovered by a heat recovery device such as a waste heat boiler. heat. As shown in Fig. 6, the chamber of the conventional coke dry-type fire extinguishing apparatus 1 has a structure in which a pre-chamber 2 in which a coke charging inlet 10 is formed in the upper portion and a clean room 3 in which a coke discharging device 11 is provided in a bottom portion are vertically connected. The lower portion of the clean room 3 is formed in a tapered shape (for example, an inverted conical shape or an inverted conical trapezoidal shape), and a cooling gas supply means for blowing a cooling gas such as a passive gas is provided in the center of the tapered portion and used to make The condensing head 4 of the coke drop flow equalization. The blast head 4 includes a substantially dome-shaped umbrella member 41, and the cooling gas is blown out in the circumferential direction from an air outlet (not shown) formed in the umbrella member 41. Further, the blast head 4 is supported by a support member 42 having a gas flow path therein, and the gas flow path inside the support member 42 - 5 - 201014902 communicates with the gas supply chamber 43. Further, a part of the cooling gas supplied from the gas supply chamber 43 is also supplied to the clean room 3 from a cooling gas supply means (for example, a supply port 44) disposed on the circumference of the inclined portion corresponding to the lower portion of the clean room 3. . Further, a small flue 5 for dividing the cooling gas blown into the clean room 3 and dividing it into a plurality of small flues 5 is formed so as to surround the main body portion of the pre-chamber 2 in the circumferential direction. φ In the above configuration, high-temperature red hot coke is charged into the chamber through the coke charging port 10, and coke is continuously discharged from the bottom of the chamber by the coke discharge device 11. At this time, the coke 6 which descends in the room exchanges heat with the cooling gas from the lower portion of the chamber including the blast head 4, and is cooled. Further, the cooling gas which becomes a high temperature due to heat exchange is discharged from the chamber through the small flue 5. In addition, the exhaust gas is supplied to a heat recovery device such as a waste gas boiler and is recovered by heat, and is again supplied as a cooling gas to the room. ❿ In this case, all of the coke 6 that has fallen indoors does not fall evenly downward, but is affected by the shape of the chamber, the influence of the wall surface, and the physical properties of the coke, and the traveling route is gradually decreased in various directions. Due to this unequal decline, there has been a problem that the heat exchange in the coke 6 is uneven, and the cooling efficiency of the entire chamber is low. Further, since the cooling efficiency of the entire chamber is low, in order to cool the coke 6 to a predetermined temperature, there is a problem that a large chamber is required. As one of methods for solving the above problems, a method of improving the blast head 4 is known (for example, refer to Patent Documents 1 and 2). Patent Document -6-201014902 discloses a method of controlling the unevenness of heat exchange by changing the width of the passage of the coke by driving the skirt of the tip end of the blast head to expand and contract. Further, Patent Document 2 describes a method of moving up and down the entire head of the blast head in the vertical direction. However, since the blast pressure head 4 provided in the lower portion of the chamber is subjected to the charging pressure of the large coke 6 (that is, the mass of the coke, the pressure due to the lowering, etc.), as in Patent Document 1, As shown in Fig. 2, in order to raise or lower the blast head φ or to expand and contract the front end portion, it is necessary to have an expensive high-output driving device. Further, since the indoor system has a high temperature and contains a large amount of dust, when the blast head is used as the operation type as in Patent Documents 1 and 2, problems occur in the equipment. [Patent Document 1] Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. In order to provide a coke dry type fire extinguishing apparatus and a coke dry type fire extinguishing method which are capable of equalizing the reduction of coke in the room and improving the cooling efficiency of coke, the invention has been developed. Further, another object of the present invention is to provide a coke dry fire extinguishing apparatus and a coke dry fire extinguishing method which are provided with a blast head which can improve the cooling efficiency of coke and which can be used to tighten the chamber. 201014902 [Means for Solving the Problem] The coke dry fire extinguishing apparatus of the present invention is an upper portion of a chamber formed into a tapered shape from a lower portion, and is filled with red hot coke, and a cooling gas is supplied from a cooling gas supply means provided at a lower portion of the chamber. a coke dry fire extinguishing device that discharges the red hot coke that has fallen indoors, and discharges coke from a coke discharge port disposed at a lower portion of the chamber, wherein the diameter of the blast head disposed at a lower portion of the chamber is set to Below the main head of D, there is disposed at least a small head having a diameter d smaller than the main head on φ. The small head system is preferably arranged such that a straight line (T1) connecting the outer peripheral end and the center of the coke discharge port and an angle (0 1 ) formed by the horizontal axis are in the range of 6 Torr to 80 degrees. Further, the angle (0 1 , β 2 ) formed by the straight line (ΤΙ, T2) connecting the outer peripheral end of the small head and the main head and the center of the coke discharge port and the horizontal axis is in the range of 60 to 80 degrees, respectively. good. At this time, the formed θ 1 and 02 may be the same angle or different angles. Further, when any of the angles (0 i, 0 2 ) formed by the straight line (τι, Τ 2 ) connecting the outer peripheral end of the small head and the main head with the center of the coke discharge port φ and the horizontal axis (0 i, 0 2 ) is set When it is 04, it is preferable that the inclination angle 03 of the said taper part is in the range of 04 to 04-2 5 degrees. The diameter Dh of the coke discharge port is preferably 1/2 or more (Dh20_5d) of the diameter d of the small head. The small head system is disposed such that when the distance from the lower angle of the coke formed below the small head to the coke discharge port is Η, the distance Η is 1 to 5 times the diameter Dh of the coke discharge port. The location is better. Further, it is preferable to provide a gas flow path for the cooling gas -8 - 201014902 in the main head or the main head and the small head as the cooling gas supply means for blowing the cooling gas into the room. Moreover, the coke dry fire extinguishing method of the present invention is an upper portion of a chamber formed into a tapered shape from a lower portion, and is filled with red hot coke. The cooling gas is supplied from a cooling gas supply means provided in a lower portion of the chamber, and the red gas is lowered into the room. a coke dry fire extinguishing method for discharging coke from a coke discharge port provided at a lower portion of the chamber, wherein a diameter of a blast head provided at a lower portion of the chamber is set to be lower than a main head of D At least one or more small heads having a diameter d smaller than the main head are disposed to rectify the flow of the coke that is lowered indoors. Further, the cooling gas is blown from the main head or the main head and the small head to cool the red hot coke. [Effect of the Invention] According to the present invention, a small head having a diameter d smaller than that of the main head is disposed below the main head of the blast head φ provided at the lower portion of the room, and the diameter of the main head can be improved. The falling distribution of coke 'by this' can equalize the decline in coke. As a result, the heat exchange between the coke and the cooling gas in the room is equalized, whereby the cooling efficiency of the coke is improved. Further, according to the present invention, since the reduction in coke is equalized, the cooling efficiency of the coke is improved, so that the chamber can be tightened. In particular, in the case where the cooling gas is blown from the small head, the lower region of the blast head (main head) that is not used as the cooling region in the conventional structure can be used as the cooling region, so that it can be improved. Further -9 * 201014902 cooling efficiency improvement and chamber compaction. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of a coke dry type fire extinguishing apparatus and a coke dry type extinguishing method according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the scope of the technology of the present invention is not to be construed as limited by the embodiments described below. First, the structure of the chamber of the coke dry fire extinguishing apparatus 1 of the present embodiment 四 (four) diagram! As shown in Fig. 2, the prechamber 2 having the coke charging inlet 10 at the upper portion and the clean room 3 having the coke discharge port 12 at the bottom are connected up and down. These chambers can be formed of a refractory material such as steel, brick, or the like. Further, the coke 6 having a high temperature generated in the coke oven is charged into the pre-chamber 2 from the coke charging port 10 by a coke conveying device such as a drum (not shown). The coke 6 charged into the pre-chamber 2 gradually descends and enters the clean room 3. Further, the coke 6 having entered the clean room 3 is gradually cooled while being cooled by the cooling gas 7, and is continuously discharged by the coke discharge device 11 provided in the coke discharge port 12. The operation of continuously discharging the coke 6 by the coke discharge device 11 to replenish the coke 6 in a batch manner is generally performed. However, it is not limited to this. The lower portion of the clean room 3 is formed in a tapered shape (for example, an inverted conical shape or an inverted conical trapezoidal shape), and a cooling gas for blowing a passive gas or the like is provided at the center of the tapered portion (for example, on the central axis). The cooling air supply means and the blast head 4 for equalizing the downward flow of the coke 6. As shown in Fig. 2, the blast head 4 is supported by a substantially cross-shaped support member 42 provided through the side wall of the tapered portion. Further, a gas supply chamber 43 is formed so as to surround the outer circumference of the cone-10-201014902, and an end portion of the support member 42 penetrating the side wall of the tapered portion extends into the gas supply chamber 43. Further, inside the support member 42, a gas flow path (not shown) for cooling gas is formed, and the cooling gas supplied from the gas supply chamber 43 is guided to the blast head 4 through the gas flow path. The blast head 4 blows the cooling gas into the room. Further, a part of the cooling gas supplied from the gas supply chamber 43 is also supplied to the clean room 3 from a cooling gas supply means (for example, a supply port 44) disposed on the circumference of the inclined portion corresponding to the lower portion of the clean room 3. Inside. However, the cooling gas may be supplied from either one of the blast head 4 or the supply port 41, without being limited to this configuration. Further, the support member 42 having a substantially cross shape as shown in Fig. 2 is only an example, and the blast head 4 can be supported, and is not limited to this shape. The blast head 4 of the present embodiment has a two-stage structure having a main head 41 disposed in the upper stage and a small head 45 disposed in the lower stage. The main head 41 and the small head 45 include a substantially conical umbrella member, and a cooling gas is blown toward the circumferential direction from an air outlet (not shown) formed in the umbrella member φ. The small head 45 has a diameter (caliber) d smaller than the diameter (caliber) D of the main head 41. If this condition is satisfied, the shape of each head is not limited to the shape shown in Fig. 1. As shown in Fig. 3 (a), the small head 45 and the main head 41 are arranged so as to connect the outer peripheral end of each head (in the case of this example, the outer peripheral end of the umbrella member) and the center of the coke discharge port 12 (T1). The angle formed by the 'T2' and the horizontal axis (01, 02) is in the range of 60 to 80 degrees, more preferably 70 degrees (condition (I)). The coke discharge port j of the condition (I) is defined as, for example, as shown in Fig. 3 (a), which means the inclination of the taper portion -11 - 201014902 (i.e., the lower end surface of the taper portion). It is preferable that both sides (01, 02) are in the range of 60 to 80 degrees, but if at least the formed 0 of the small head 45 is within the above range, the main head 41 is In the case of 02, it may not be in the above range. In addition, in FIG. 3(a), an example in which the angles 0 1 and 02 are different is displayed, but the angles 01 and 02 may be arranged at the same angle. 3(a), any one of the angles (01, 02) formed by the straight line (T1, T2) connecting the small end 45 and the main head 41 to the center of the coke discharge port 12 and the horizontal axis (01, 02). When the angle is Θ4, the inclination angle 03 of the tapered portion is in the range of 04 to 04-25 degrees (condition (Π)). Further, the diameter of the coke discharge port 12 shown in Fig. 3(a) is preferably used. Dh is 1 /2 or more (Dh 2 0.5 d ) of the diameter d of the small head 45 (condition (ΠΙ)). Further, as shown in Fig. 3 (b), the small head 45 is configured such that: Will be shaped When the distance from the lower surface (hi) of the space formed by the angle of repose of the coke 6 formed below to the coke discharge port 12 is Η, the distance Η is 1 to 5 times the diameter Dh of the coke discharge port 12, and is ideal. The position is 1 to 3 times (condition (IV)). The "coke discharge port" of this condition is also defined in the same manner as the above condition (I). Further, since the angle of repose of the lower surface (hi) is generally 34 to 35 degrees due to the coke, the crucible can be calculated by calculation or calculation. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and a sample of coke may be used to measure the angle of repose or the like, and the angle of repose may be obtained by a conventional method. -12- 201014902 Further, in the present embodiment, it is preferable to satisfy any of the above conditions (I) and (IV). However, in order to more reliably equalize the decrease in coke, the conditions (I) and (equivalent) are satisfied. The conditions of both parties are better. Further, it is desirable to combine the conditions (Π) and/or (III) with the condition (I). Again, return to Figure 1 for explanation. A small flue 5 for discharging the cooling gas and dividing into a plurality of portions is formed so as to surround the cylindrical main body portion of the pre-chamber 2 in the circumferential direction. The small flue 5 is connected to the flue 51, and is connected to a heat recovery device 53 such as a waste heat boiler via a dust trap 52 as a first dust remover. Further, the gas cooled by the heat recovery device 53 passes through the second dust remover 54, and is then sent to the preheater 56 by the air blowing means 55 such as a blower, and is then supplied again to the clean room 3 as a cooling gas. Since these structures are conventional structures, detailed description thereof is omitted here. In the coke dry-type fire extinguishing apparatus 1 described above, the coke 6 which is loaded into the pre-chamber 2 from the coke charging port 10 is gradually discharged from the bottom of the clean room 3, and gradually descends into the clean room 3. Then, in the clean room 3, it is cooled by heat exchange with the cooling gas 7 blown from the main head 41 and the small head 45 and the supply port 44, and is discharged by the coke discharge device 11. Further, the ratio of the air volume per unit time of the main head 41 and the small head 45 is preferably 8:2. Here, as described in the foregoing prior art, generally, the coke 6 which is lowered indoors has a difference in the shape of the chamber, the influence of the wall surface, and the physical properties of the coke, and the traveling route is gradually decreased in various directions. The tendency. The inventors believe that this is the main cause of the unevenness in the decline, and as a result of careful review, it is found that the additional size is smaller than the main head 41, and the small head 45 will be -13-201014902. The present invention has been developed by being disposed under the main head 41 to improve the descending distribution as much as possible. In particular, the relationship between the main head 41 and the small head 45 has a large effect when the above conditions (I) and/or (IV) are satisfied, and actual experiments have confirmed that there is a considerable relationship with the physical properties of coke. Thus, the inventors of the present invention have considered the reason why the distribution of the drop can be improved. In other words, as shown in Fig. 4, in the taper portion of the clean room 3, the coke which is lowered in the central portion of the chamber φ is redirected outward in the circumferential direction by the main head 41, thereby promoting the coke of the wall side which is slowed down. Flow direction. Further, below the main head 41, a flow toward the center is formed by the angle of repose. Then, the direction of the flow is changed outward in the circumferential direction by the small head 45, and the flow of the coke on the wall side is promoted, and the flow toward the center is formed by the angle of repose below the small head 45, and is discharged from the coke discharge port 12. By rectifying the flow state in the tapered portion, it is possible to suppress the coke in the center portion of the chamber from passing through the main head 41, and then selectively descending toward the coke discharge port 12, so that the coke on the wall side is uniformly lowered, and as a result, The downward distribution in the clean room 3 is improved. Further, if the condition (I) is satisfied, the region having a low fluidity due to the internal friction angle of the coke is more effectively affected to the circumference formed by the main head 41 and the small head 45. The action of the flow outside the direction, as a result, can more reliably improve the downward distribution. In other words, focusing on the internal friction angle of the coke before and after 75 degrees, by setting the outer peripheral ends of the main head 41 and the small head 45 at 60 to 80 degrees, the outer side in the circumferential direction can be caused by the internal friction angle. The effect of the flow of areas with low liquidity is more effective. The action and effect of the condition (I), and the further combination of the conditions -14-201014902 (Π) and/or (III), can be more effective. Further, the above condition (IV) is a condition for idealizing the position of the small head 45 in the height direction, and if the condition (IV) is satisfied, the downward distribution can be more surely improved. That is, as shown in Fig. 5, the drop distribution in the case where the distance Η is smaller than the diameter Dh and the distance Η is larger than five times the diameter Dh is smaller than the case where the condition of the DhS distance HS 5Dh is satisfied. . This is because when the distance Η is larger than 5 times the diameter Dh (Fig. 5 (b)), the distance from the small head 45 to the coke discharge port 12 is too long, and the coke selectivity after passing through the small head 45 is obtained. The ground descends through the central part. On the other hand, when the distance Η is smaller than the diameter Dh (Fig. 5 (a)), the distance from the small head 45 to the coke discharge port 12 is too short, and the direction is changed to the outside in the circumferential direction below the small head 45. It is discharged before the flow toward the center is formed by the angle of repose. Further, in the case of Fig. 5 (a), it is also known that the space through which the coke passes between the small head 45 and the chamber wall surface is narrowed. As described above, according to the present embodiment, the small head 45 having a size smaller than that of the main head 41 is added, and the small head 45 is disposed in the two-head structure below the main head 41. By improving the downward distribution of coke in the taper of the chamber, the reduction of coke in the entire chamber can be equalized. The decrease in coke in the room is equalized, and the heat exchange between the coke and the cooling gas in the room is equalized. 'It can improve the cooling efficiency of coke. In particular, it is possible to improve the effect by making the condition (I) to (IV). Further, according to the present embodiment, since the cooling efficiency of the coke is increased to -15-201014902, the chamber can be tightened. In particular, since the cooling gas is blown from the small head 45, the lower region of the main head 4 1 that is not used as the cooling region in the conventional structure can be used as the cooling region, so that the cooling efficiency can be further improved and the chamber can be further improved. Tightening. However, the cooling gas may not be blown by the small head 45, and only the cooling gas may be blown from the main head 41. Further, in the present invention, the number of the small heads 45 disposed under the main head 41 is not limited to one, and the multi-head structure may be three or more stages. In this case, as the lower section, the diameter (d) of the head is reduced. The present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a coke dry fire extinguishing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. ❹ Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the above-described coke dry fire extinguishing equipment. Fig. 3 (a) and (b) are views showing the blast head of the above-described coke dry type fire extinguishing apparatus. Fig. 4 is a view for explaining the action of the above-mentioned blast head. Figures 5(a) and (b) are diagrams for explaining the effects achieved by the above-described blast head. Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a conventional coke dry fire extinguishing apparatus. [Main component symbol description] -16- 201014902 1 : Coke dry fire extinguishing equipment 2 : Pre-combustion chamber 3 : Clean room 4 : Blast head 41 : Main head 42 : Support member 4 5 : Small head
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