TW200838478A - Porous bioresorbable dressing conformable to a wound and methods of making same - Google Patents
Porous bioresorbable dressing conformable to a wound and methods of making same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW200838478A TW200838478A TW096142607A TW96142607A TW200838478A TW 200838478 A TW200838478 A TW 200838478A TW 096142607 A TW096142607 A TW 096142607A TW 96142607 A TW96142607 A TW 96142607A TW 200838478 A TW200838478 A TW 200838478A
- Authority
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- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- dressing
- wound
- wound site
- solvent
- manifold
- Prior art date
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Description
200838478 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明大體而言係關於製造及使用I各種組態之多孔性 生物可吸收敷料的方法、系統及組合物。 夕# 【先前技術】 傷口癒合可大致分成三個重疊的基本階段:發炎、辦 及成熟。發炎階段以止金及發炎為特徵。下―個:段^生
由上皮形成、血管生成、肉芽組織形成及膠原蛋白沈積: 成。最終階段包括成熟及重塑。由於局部因素(諸如局部 缺血、水腫及感染)及全身因素(諸如糖尿病、年齡、甲狀 腺功能低下、營養不良及肥胖)之影響而增加三步傷口癒 合過知之複雜性。然而傷口癒合之速率限制步驟通常為血 管生成。冑Π血管生成以内皮細胞遷移及毛細 徵,其中毛細管於傷口床中之萌發 為特 月&對支持再生組織具有關 鍵作用。肉芽階段及組織沈積需要由毛細管所提供之營養 素。因此’傷口血管生成中之損害可產生慢性問題傷口。 血管生成表型之表現為需要許多細胞及分子事件以依序 步驟發生之複雜過程。該等活性中有—些包括内皮細胞增 =、周圍基底膜降解、时細胞遷移穿過結締組織基質、 官狀結構形成及时細胞襯壁管成熟為新血管。藉由正性 調控劑及縮減調控劑控制血管生成。除内皮細胞:外,斑 組織修復相關之細胞(諸如灰小板、單核細胞及巨嗟細胞) 釋放金官生成生長因子(諸如血f内皮生長因子(v臟))於 引發血管生成之受損部位中。 126690.doc 200838478 當前存在數種用以加快傷口癒合之方法,包括沖洗傷口 以移除毒素及細菌、局部及全身性抗生素及麻醉劑,及局 部施用生長因子。促進緩慢癒合或不癒合之軟組織傷口之 傷口癒合的最有效方法之一為減壓療法。減壓療法通常係 指在傷口部位上施加低於環境壓力之壓力,其中減壓治療 之程度及時段足以促進癒合。用以施加減壓之裝置之實例
包括彼等由 Kinetic Concepts,Inc· (San Antonio,Texas)以 其市售 VACUUM ASSISTED CLOSURE® 或 V.A.C.®產品系 列推廣之裝置。減壓所誘發之癒合過程已描述於美國專利 第5,636,643號及第5,645,081號中,該等專利之揭示内容以 引入的方式全部併入。 减&用來促進上皮組織及皮下組織自健康組織向傷口部 位遷移。典型減壓療法包括經由充當用以分配減壓之歧管 之敷料向傷π部位施加減壓。訂定敷料之尺寸以適應現有 ,口,並使其與傷Π接觸且隨後在傷口開始癒合且變小時 定期更換為較小片敷料。儘管使用敷料之減M療法已極為 成功,但對於财法仍存在各種困難。舉例而言,可能難 有:全適應傷口之適當寬度、長度或深度的敷 ,虽移除敷料時其亦可能移除健康組織,萨此對 傷口部位造成另外創傷。 %措此對 已提出使用可生物降解材料來製造敷料, 自傷口部位移除之敷料'然而,對於許 ΓΓ降解聚合物形成特定形狀。然而:個別傷口 3 不一致之形狀及尺寸。 』切口具有 126690.doc 200838478 因此,存在對於一種易於製造且經組態成適應個別患者 之傷口的形狀及尺寸之敷料的需要。亦存在對於一種不必 自傷口部位移除之敷料的需要。此外,存在對於一種含有 孔隙使得敷料可促進傷口部位處之癒合及健康組織生長之 . 敷料的需要。 本文中所述及之所有參考文獻以法律所容許之最大程度 引入的方式併入本文中。就參考文獻可能不全部併入本文 _ 口 /、係為了達成月景目的而以引用的方式併入且指 示一般熟習此項技術者之知識。 【發明内容】 =、、、二由使用含有開放氣室式孔隙之生物可吸收敷料來滿足 ^等及其他而要,其中該敷料經設計以易於順應於傷口部 位之尺寸及形狀。藉此,就其最廣泛意義而言,本發明提 用於製ie及使用呈各種組態之多孔性生物可吸收敷料之 方法、系統及組合物。 Φ 本發明之一實施例為一種用於製造欲用於經受減壓療法 之傷口部位處藉此就地發生孔隙形成之多孔性生物可吸收 敷料的方法及裝置。在該實施例中,將生物可吸收聚合物 溶解於適當溶劑中且與化學計量量之成孔劑混合。移除殘 _ 豸溶劑。隨後將所得敷料藉由手1成型以符合傷口之形狀 及尺寸而置於傷口中。或者,可將所得敷料製成繩狀,隨 後將其捲繞於傷口部位中或傷口部位上以適應傷口之形狀 及尺寸。傷口流體與敷料中之成孔劑反應並於敷料内就地 產生孔隙。將用於密封敷料之覆蓋層置於傷口部位處之敷 126690.doc 200838478 料上。使減壓輸送管以流體方式與敷料連接以向傷口部位 輸送減壓。 本發明之另一實施例為一種用於製造欲用於經受減壓療 法之傷口部位處之多孔性生物可吸收敷料的方法及裝置。 - 在該實施例中,將生物可吸收聚合物溶解於適當溶劑中且 • 與化學計量量之成孔劑混合。移除殘餘溶劑。隨後將該敷 料置於流體中,藉此該流體與敷料中之成孔劑反應,從而 藝於敷料内產生孔隙。隨後將所得敷料乾燥且藉由手工成型 為傷口部位之形狀及尺寸而置於傷口部位中。或者,可將 所得敷料製成繩狀,隨後將其捲繞於傷口中以適應傷口之 形狀及尺寸。將用於密封敷料之覆蓋層置於傷口部位處之 敷料上。使減壓輸送管以流體方式與敷料連接以向傷口部 位輸送減壓。 本發明之另一實施例為一種用於製造欲用於經受減壓療 法之傷口部位處且藉此就地發生孔隙形成之多孔性生物可 • 吸收敷料的方法及裝置。在該實施例中,將生物可吸收聚 合物及增塑劑溶解於適當溶劑中且與成孔劑混合。隨後使 所得混合物與非溶劑接觸使得所有混合物將自溶液中沈澱 析出成為一種敷料。移除殘餘非溶劑。將所得敷料藉由手 工成型為傷口之形狀及尺寸而置於傷口部位中。或者,可 將所得敷料製成繩狀,隨後將其捲繞於傷口中以適應傷口 之形狀及尺寸。使傷口流體與敷料中之成孔劑反應,從而 於敷料内就地產生孔隙。將用於密封敷料之覆蓋層置於傷 口部位處之敷料上。使減壓輸送管以流體方式與敷料連接 126690.doc 200838478 以向傷口部位輸送減壓。 本發明之另一實施例為一種用於製造欲用於經受減壓療 法之傷口部位處之多孔性生物可吸收敷料的方法及裝置。 在該實施例中,將生物可吸收聚合物及增塑劑溶解於適當 /合劑中且與成孔劑混合。隨後將所得混合物置於非溶劑 中。該非溶劑應致使聚合物、增塑劑及成孔劑自溶液中沈 v又析出移除殘餘非溶劑。隨後將所得沈殺物(亦即敷料) 置於流體中,藉此該流體與敷料中之成孔劑反應,從而於 敷料内產生孔隙。隨後將所得敷料乾燥且藉由手工成型為 傷口部位之形狀及尺寸而置於傷口中。或者,可將所得敷 料製成繩狀,隨後將其捲繞於傷口中或傷口上以適應傷口 部位之形狀及尺寸。將用於密封敷料之覆蓋層置於傷口部 位處之敷料上。使減壓輸送管以流體方式與敷料連接以向 傷口部位輸送減壓。 本發明之一實施例為一種用於製造欲用於經受減壓療法 之傷口部位處之多孔性生物可吸收敷料的方法及裝置,其 中該敷料亦含有促進組織生長及/或癒合之因子。在該實 施例中,將生物可吸收聚合物溶解於適當溶劑中且與化= 计里里之成孔劑混合。移除殘餘溶劑。隨後將所得敷料置 於流體中,藉此該流體與敷料中之成孔劑反應,從而於敷 料内產生孔隙。-旦反應完成,即將該敷料自流體中移除 且使其乾燥。此時,可以各種物質塗佈所得多孔性敷料, 該等物質包括(但不限於)細胞、生長因子或促進細胞生長 及/或癒合之其他營養素。隨後將多孔性敷料藉由手工成 126690.doc •10· 200838478 型為傷口之形狀及尺寸而置於傷口部位中。或者,可將所 得敷料製成罐狀,隨後將其捲繞於傷口中或傷口上以適應 傷口部位之形狀及尺寸。將用於密封敷料之覆蓋層置於傷 口部位處之敷料上。使減壓輸送管以流體方式與敷料連接 以向傷口部位輸送減壓。 本發明之其他目#、特徵及優勢將參考圖式及隨後之詳 細描述而明瞭化。 【實施方式】 在以下較佳實施例之詳細描述中,參考構成其—部分的 圖式,其中以說明性方式展示可實施本發明之特定較 么κ把例《等實施例充分詳細描述以使熟習此項技術者 能夠實施本發明’且應瞭解可使用其他實施例且可在不捧 離本發明之精神或㈣的情況下作出合理之結構、機械、 電子及化學改變。為避免不為熟習此項技術者能夠實施本 =明所必要之細節’可能省去熟習此項技術者已知之某些 資訊之描述。因此,以下詳細描述不具有限制性意義,本 發明之範疇僅由隨附申請專利範圍界定。 本發明之所有實施例包括欲與減麼療法結合使用之生物 可吸收敷料用於治療傷口部位的用途。本發明不必受傷口 4位之特疋位置限制,亦不必受減壓療法標數之組織類型 限制目此’本發明所治療之傷口部位可為身體上或身體 内一個需要促進組織之生長及/或癒合的位置。 如圖1中所說明,本發明之第一實施例為一種用於製備 生物可吸收多孔性聚合物敷料之方法及裝置,以及該敷料 126690.doc -11 - 200838478 於減壓療法之用途。 首先’將一或多種生物可吸收聚合物溶解於適當溶劑中 (101)。所用溶劑類型將視該(等)所選生物可吸收聚合物而 定。生物可吸收聚合物為生物相容性材料,其降解之副產 物可經由體内天然途徑進行生物吸收或排泄。該生物可吸 收I合物可包括(但不限於)丙交酯、聚(丙交酯)(PLA)、乙 交醋聚合物、聚(乙醇酸)(PGA)、聚(丙交酯-共-乙交 g曰)(PLGA)、乙二醇/丙交酯共聚物、聚己内酯、聚羥基丁 酉夂西日、裟fe基甲酸酯、聚填氮烯、聚 (乙二醇聚(丙交酯·共_乙交酯)共聚合物、聚羥基酸、聚 石反酸酯、聚醯胺、聚酸酐、聚胺基酸、聚原酸酯、聚縮 醛、可降解之聚氰基丙烯酸酯、聚碳酸酯、聚反丁烯二酸 酯、可降解之聚胺基甲酸酯、蛋白質(諸如白蛋白、膠原 蛋白、血纖維蛋白、合成及天然聚胺基酸)、多醣(諸如海 藻酸鹽、肝素及其他天然存在之生物可降解糖單元聚合 物)。此外,在一較佳實施例中,該聚合物為pla:Pcl共 聚物,其中PLA與PCL之比率可在1〇〇:〇至〇:1〇〇之範圍内。 在一些較佳實施例中,PLA:PCL共聚物比率為約9〇··1()。在 其他實施例中,PLA:PCL共聚物比率為約8〇:2〇。在另一實 施例中,PLA:PCL共聚物比率為約70:3〇。 亦將碳酸氫鈉及酸之成孔劑系統添加至生物可吸收聚合 物混合物中(102)。該酸可為任何不呈液態或氣態之酸,因 此其呈固態或結晶態。適用於其中之酸之實例包括(但不 限於)擰檬酸。所用碳酸氫鈉及酸之量可以化學計量量使 126690.doc -12- 200838478 用。亦預見碳酸氫鈉可以非化學計量量使用。此外,所用 成η丨之里應產生足夠數目之開放氣室或通道以使流體可 得以排出且減壓可保持不減弱。
Ik後將办劑自所得敷料中移除。移除溶劑之方法 之實例(但不限於)蒸發、烘乾、真空乾燥、手工揉捏及其 類似方法。在-實施例中,經約48小時蒸發溶劑。 在一實施例中,可將敷料熱壓以對其進行擠壓且移除可 此存在之任何殘餘氣泡。較佳以抑制敷料與板黏著之材料 覆蓋或塗佈熱壓機之板。合適材料之實例包括(例如)鐵氣 旎(Teflon)。為增加敷料之孔隙率,從業者可以額外碳酸 氫納及酸覆蓋熱壓機之頂板及/或底板。在—較佳實施例 中將敷料之底面以尺寸大於約5〇〇㈣之碳酸氯納及酸顆 粒塗佈及/或將敷料之頂面以尺寸為約9()㈣至約25〇叫之 石反酸虱鈉及酸顆粒塗佈。或者,可使用壓印圓片作為頂板 及/或底板以將孔、線或其他圖案壓印於敷料之頂部及底 部上。將敷料在給定溫度及壓力下熱壓,隨後冷卻。 在此階段,該敷料將具有延展性。因而,可將該敷料藉 由(例如)使該敷料手工成型以適應傷口部位之形狀及尺寸 而置於傷口部位中(1〇句。 隨後將減壓療法裝置以流體方式與傷口部位連接 (105)。此時,以由可撓性物質製成之覆蓋層覆蓋傷口部位 及敷料。較佳地,該覆蓋層具有不透性,因此阻斷或減緩 液體或氣體之傳輸。較佳地,該覆蓋層係由#施用減塵療 法時在傷口部位上允許水蒸汽擴散但提供氣密式密封之材 126690.doc 200838478 料製成。該覆蓋層將延伸遍 伸至傷口邊緣料。由(例如^口部位及敷料ί表面且延 稹 )谬黏材料將該覆盍層緊固於 傷口四周之皮膚表面上。蔣$ h 、、 、^ 一個減麼輸送管置於覆雲 =下且自覆蓋層下面延伸出來。該減壓輸送管可由任; =級管材(包括(但不限於)經聚對二甲苯塗佈之 ^
…酸醋)製成。此外,可將該管以防止管黏附於傷: 之藥d塗佈。舉例而言’可將該管以肝素、抗凝劑、抗 纖維蛋白原、防黏劑、抗凝灰酶原或親水物質塗佈。將減 麼輸送管置於與賴源之流體連通巾,該減壓源較佳包含 經由與減壓源之流體連通而安全置於真空下之小罐。因 此,在該實施例中’該敷料充當分配減壓之歧管,從而有 助於向傷口部位施加減壓、將流體輸送至傷口部位或自傷 口部位移除流體。 在-替代性實施例中’將生物可吸收敷料置於傷口部位 内且將歧管置於敷料上1歧管有助於減壓均句遍布於整 個知口部位上。隨後以由具有可撓性之不透性物質製成之 覆蓋層覆蓋傷口部位、敷料及歧管。該覆蓋層將延伸遍及 傷口部位、敷料及歧管之表面,並延伸至傷口邊緣以外且 較佳緊固於皮膚表面。將至少一個減壓輸送管以流體方式 與該歧管連接。亦將減壓輸送管置於與減壓源之流體連通 中,該減壓源較佳包含經由與減壓源之流體連通而安全置 於真空下之小罐。 來自傷口部位之傷口流體隨後引發碳酸氫鈉與酸之間的 酸驗反應’從而產生二氧化碳氣體(106)。二氧化碳氣體之 126690.doc -14- 200838478 產生將口此使敷料就地轉化成具有相互連通孔隙之三維結 構或,,支架”。此外,可將諸如水之流體添加至傷口部位中 以促進成孔㈣統反應。在_#代性實施例巾,步驟(⑽) 可發生在步驟(1〇5)之前。 • 一般而言’藉由產生二氧化碳氣體所產生之孔徑為約50 微米至約1,500微米。在一實施例中,孔徑係介於約刚微 米與約5GG微米之間。在另—實施例中,孔徑係介於約 ㈣與約250微米之間。應瞭解所得孔隙之尺寸取決於碳 S线鈉及酸顆粒之尺寸及所產生氣體之量。因而,可使用 控制碳酸氫鈉及酸顆粒之尺寸的任何方法,包括(但不限 篩及離〜。在一實施例中’使碳酸氫鈉及酸通過一 或多㈣網以產生具有某一尺寸之顆粒。因此,孔徑將最 小為糟由過筛所產生之觀决 座生之顆粒之尺寸。若敷料具有足夠延展 ^生則所產生之二氧化碳氣體將進-步增加孔徑。 所用成孔劑系統之量及成孔劑系統之粒徑將控制 • # ^夕孔^敷料之孔隙率百分數。應瞭解,為從業者視為 車又L之孔隙率百分數可取決於以下因素,諸如敷料内所用 .材料(諸如生物可吸收聚合物)之機械特性、所需細胞渗透 !·生知口瘡合或組織治療物質存在與否及其類似因素。在 • -較佳實施例中,孔隙率百分數為至少約跳。在另—較 佳實施例中’孔隙率百分數為約7()%。 隨後向傷口施以減壓療法〇〇7)。應瞭解,減壓治療之 頻率取決於身體特定區域、傷口部位之尺寸及形狀、確切 敷料或所用敷料及(若有的話)施用於該部位之各種藥劑的 126690.doc -15 - 200838478 類型。此外,視治療方案而定,減壓療法可為大體上連續 施用或循環施用使得其使壓力隨時間振動。隨著傷口癒 合’多孔性敷料由身體再吸收且經肉芽組織置換。 在一替代性實施例中,將一或多種增塑劑添加至於溶劑 中之生物可吸收聚合物中(102)。增塑劑可為增強聚合化合 物之變形性以增加化合物之軟化及可撓性的任何材料。增 塑劑可包括(但不限於)十六醇酯、甘油、甘油酯、乙醯化 甘油酯、單硬脂酸甘油酯、三乙酸甘油酯、三丁酸甘油 酯、鄰苯二甲酸酯、鄰苯二甲酸二丁酯、鄰苯二曱酸二乙 酯、鄰苯二甲酸二甲酯、鄰苯二甲酸二辛酯、擰檬酸酯、 擰檬酸乙醯基三丁酯、檸檬酸乙醯基三乙酯、檸檬酸三丁 酯、擰檬酸三乙酯、癸二酸酯、癸二酸二乙酯、癸二酸二 丁酯、己二酸酯、壬二酸酯、苯曱酸酯、植物油、反丁烯 一酸酯、反丁烯二酸二乙酯、蘋果酸酯、蘋果酸二乙酯、 草酸酯、草酸二乙酯、丁二酸酯、丁二酸二丁酯、丁酸 酯、十六醇酯、水揚酸、三乙酸甘油酯、丙二酸酯、丙二 酸二乙酯 '蓖麻油、三乙二醇及泊洛沙姆(p〇1〇xamers)。 若聚合物中包括-或多種增塑劑,則可藉由諸如烘乾或真 空乾燥之任何方法移除殘餘溶劑(103),只要所用條件不促 進增塑劑之蒸發。 如圖2中所說明,本發明之第二實施例為一種用於製備 生物可吸收多孔性聚合物敷料之方法及裝置,以及該多孔 性敷料用於減壓療法之用途。 首先,將生物可吸收聚合物溶解於適當溶劑中(2〇1)。 126690.doc -16 · 200838478 該生物可吸收聚合物可由一或多種具有生物可吸收性之聚 合物製成。適當聚合物包括彼等揭示於本發明之其他實施 例中之聚合物。在一替代性實施例中,亦將一或多種增塑 劑添加至該生物可吸收聚合物中。 隨後將該生物可吸收聚合物與充當成孔劑系統之結晶鹽 或固體鹽混合(202)。本發明不受限於鹽之類型,只要該鹽 具有適當粒徑且可溶解於流體(亦即氣體、液體或可流動 材料)中,該流體包括(但不限於)膠體、敷料、液體、漿 液、懸洋液、黏性凝膠' 糊狀物、油灰及固體微粒。本文 中所用之適當鹽之實例包括(但不限於)氣化鈉及氯化鉀。 所用鹽之量可以化學計量量使用。亦預見該鹽可能不以非 化學計量量使用。 隨後移除溶劑(203)。移除溶劑之方法之實例包括(但不 限於)蒸發、烘乾、真空乾燥、手工揉捏及其類似方法。 在一實施例中,經約48小時蒸發溶劑。 在一替代性實施例中,可將所得敷料熱壓以擠壓該敷料 且移除可能存在之任何殘餘氣泡。較佳以抑制敷料與板黏 著之材料覆蓋或塗佈熱壓機之板。合適材料之實例包括 (例如)鐵氟龍。為使該敷料隨後發展成更具多孔性之敷 料,k業者可以額外鹽顆粒(亦即成孔劑系統)覆蓋熱壓機 之頂板及/或底板。在一較佳實施例中,將敷料之底面以 尺寸大於約500 μπι之鹽顆粒塗佈且將敷料之頂面以尺寸為 約90 μηι至約250 μπι之鹽顆粒塗佈。或者,可使用壓印圓 片作為頂板及/或底板以將孔、線或其他圖案壓印於敷料 126690.doc -17- 200838478 將該敷料在給定溫度及壓力下壓製,隨 在此p白段錢枓將具有延展性。因而 將該敷料手工成型於傷口心“ J糟由(例如) μ於知口部位中以符合傷口之形狀及尺寸 來將該敷料置於傷口部位中(2〇4)。 隨後將減壓裝置以流體方式與傷口部位連接⑽卜在 該步驟中,以由具有可嫜 — 70生之不透性物質製成之覆蓋層覆
及敷料。較佳地,該覆蓋層係由允許水蒸汽擴 提供Μ式㈣之材料製成。該覆蓋層將延伸遍及傷 口部位及敷料之表面且延伸至傷口邊緣以外。由⑽ 黏材料將該覆蓋層緊固於傷口四周之皮膚表面上。將至少 一個減壓輸送管置於覆蓋層之下且自覆蓋層下面延伸出 來。該減壓輸送管可由任何醫用級管材(包括(但不限於)經 聚對:甲苯塗佈之聚矽氧或胺基甲酸醋)製成。此外,可 將及官以防止官黏附於傷口上之藥劑塗佈。舉例而言,可
之頂部及底部上 後冷卻。 將該管以肝素、抗凝劑、抗纖維蛋白原、防黏劑、減血 酶原或親水物質塗佑。1 t 、坌师 口此,在該實施例中,該敷料充當 分配減壓之歧管。 在一個替代性實施例中,將該生物可吸收敷料置於傷口 内且將歧官置於敷料上。該歧管有助於減壓均句遍布 於㈣傷π部位上。隨後以可撓性之不可渗透性物質製成 之覆盍層覆蓋傷Π部位、敷料及歧管。該覆蓋層將延伸遍 及傷口部位、敷料及歧管之表面,延伸至傷口邊緣以外且 車乂仫緊口於皮膚表面。至少一個減壓輸送管以流體與該歧 126690.doc -18- 200838478 管連接。該減壓輸送管亦置於與一個減麗源流體連通中, 其較佳包含一個小罐安全地置於真空下與―個減㈣流體 連通。 傷口流體,其可包括傷σ都# 匕祐%口 4位之組織中之間質液體或自 傷口部位之組織或其微血管渗出之液體,隨後將與成孔劑 系統反應,溶解鹽顆粒,因此於敷料内就地產生孔隙 。此外,可將流體(諸如水)添加至傷口部位以促進成 孔劑系統反應。由所溶解之鹽留下之間隙產生具有相互連 通孔隙之敷料。所得孔隙之尺寸取決於所用鹽顆粒之尺 寸。因而,可使用各種方法以控制鹽顆粒之尺寸。舉例而 言,可使鹽顆粒通過-或多個篩網以產生具有某一尺寸之 顆當鹽顆粒溶解時,殘留孔隙約為鹽顆粒之尺寸。由 所命解之I產生之孔控可為約5G微米至約則微米。在另 一個實施例中’隸係介於約刚微米與約彻微米之間。 =另一個實施例中’孔徑係介㈣⑽微米與約25〇微米之 間。 :獨孔劑系統之量及成孔劑系統之粒徑將控制 下因:百刀數。應瞭解,較佳之孔隙率百分數可取決於以 下因素,諸如用以製造敷料之材 何枓之機械特性、所需之細 於敷料内或與敷料結合之傷σ癒合或組織 物質與敷料共價或非共價傷口癒合或組織治療 固體支樓物或兩者分子上由例如使用交聯劑、於 相互作用、親水性相互作用::寺定反應性基團、靜電 乍用 4水性相互作用、使用分子 126690.doc •19- 200838478 (諸如抗生蛋白鏈菌素)連接及使用共價與非共價相互作用 之組合。 在一較佳實施例中,孔隙率百分數為至少約5〇%。在另 一較佳實施例中,孔隙率百分數為約7〇0/〇。 • 在一替代性實施例中,步驟(206)可發生在步驟(205)之 前。 隨後向傷口施以減壓療法(2〇7)。隨著傷口癒合,該敷 料由身體再吸收且經肉芽組織置換。 在一替代性實施例中,將一或多種增塑劑添加至於溶劑 中之生物可吸收聚合物中(2〇2)。若聚合物中包括一或多種 增塑劑,則可藉由諸如烘乾或真空乾燥之任何方法移除殘 餘溶劑(203),只要所用條件不促進增塑劑之蒸發。 如圖3中所說明,本發明之第三實施例為一種用於製備 生物可吸收多孔性聚合物敷料之方法及裝置,以及該敷料 用於減壓療法之用途。 • 將一或多種生物可吸收聚合物溶解於適當溶劑中 (3〇1)。適當生物可吸收聚合物可包括於本發明之其他實施 例中所論述之任何聚合物。在一替代性實施例中,亦 少一種增塑劑添加至該生物可吸收聚合物中。 ' 隨後將該生物可吸收聚合物與可包括-或多種致使敷料 内形成孔隙之化合物的成孔劑系統混合(302)。成孔劑系矣 之類型不受限制且可包括當與流體接觸時溶解之化合物冼 此類成孔劑系統包括將溶解於流體(諸如水)中之無機雎j 如氣化鈉、蔗糖晶體或明膠球。另一類型之成孔劑系統為 126690.doc -20- 200838478 石反酸氫鈉與酸之混合物。碳酸氫鈉與酸當與流體接觸時致 使碳酸氫鹽與酸反應以形成二氧化碳氣體。該氣體可隨後 增加孔隙之尺寸。 奴後將溶劑移除,留下敷料(303)。移除溶劑之方法之 實例包括(但不限於)蒸發、烘乾、真空乾燥、手工揉捏及 其類似方法。 在一替代性實施例中,可將該敷料熱壓以擠壓該敷料且 移除可能存在之任何殘餘氣泡。較佳以抑制敷料與板黏著 之材料(例如鐵氟龍)覆蓋或塗佈熱壓機之板。為使該敷料 Ik後發展成更具多孔性之敷料,從業者可以額外成孔劑系 統顆粒覆蓋熱壓機之頂板及/或底板。在一較佳實施例 中,將敷料之底面以尺寸大於約5〇〇 μπι之成孔劑系統顆粒 塗佈且將敷料之頂面以尺寸為約9〇 μιη至約25〇 之成孔 劑系統顆粒塗佈。或者,可使用壓印圓片作為頂板及/或 底板以將孔、線或其他圖案壓印於敷料之頂部及底部上。 將該敷料在給定溫度及壓力下壓製,且隨後冷卻該敷料。 隨後將該敷料置於溫水中以增加其延展性且使成孔劑系 統反應,藉此引發孔隙形成(304)。由成孔劑系統所留下之 所得間隙使該敷料成為具有相互連通孔隙之敷料。所得孔 隙之尺寸取決於所用成孔劑顆粒之尺寸。因而,可使用藉 由(例如)用篩網使顆粒過篩來控制鹽顆粒之尺寸的方法。 此外,所用成孔劑系統之量及成孔劑系統之粒徑將控制孔 隙率百分數。在一較佳實施例中,孔隙率百分數為至少約 50%。在另一較佳實施例中,孔隙率百分數為約7〇%。 126690.doc 21 - 200838478 在-替代性實施例中,可使用—或多種物質來塗佈多孔 性敷料或可使其與多孔性敷料結合。舉例而言,可以膠原 蛋:、玻糖醛酸、明膠聚葡萄胺糖、抗菌劑、治療劑、抗 病’劑、生長因子、生物活性物質及可進一步促進癒合及, 或組織生長之其他藥劑塗佈該敷料。此外,可以使敷料具 有輻射不透性之物質塗佈該敷料。 在κ鉍例中,將該敷料浸泡於含有膠原蛋白之溶液 中隧後使該敷料排出過量溶液且對該敷料進行冷凍乾 燥。 在替代性實施例中,將該敷料浸泡於含有膠原蛋白之 溶液中,排出過量溶液且隨後使膠原蛋白交聯於敷料上。 隨後藉由將敷料手工成型於傷口部位中以符合傷口之形 狀及尺寸來將該敷料置於傷口部位中(3〇5)。在另一實施例 中,將敷料切割以適應傷口之尺寸及形狀。來自傷口部位 之任何傷口流體亦可與任何殘餘成孔劑系統作用以產生另 外孔隙。 隨後將減壓裝置以流體方式與傷口部位連接(3〇6)。以 由具有可撓性之不透性物質製成之覆蓋層覆蓋傷口部位及 敷料。較佳地,該覆蓋層係由允許水蒸汽擴散但提供氣密 式密封之材料製成。該覆蓋層將延伸遍及傷口部位及敷料 之表面且延伸至傷口邊緣以外。由(例如)膠黏材料將該覆 蓋層緊固於傷口四周之皮膚表面上。將至少一個減壓輸送 官置於覆蓋層之下且自覆蓋層下面延伸出來。該減壓輸送 管可由任何醫用級管材(包括(但不限於)經聚對二曱苯塗佈 126690.doc •22- 200838478 之聚石夕氧或胺基甲酸醋)製成。此外,可將該管以防止管 黏附於傷口上之藥劑塗佈。亦將該減壓輸送管置於與減壓 源之流體連通中,該減壓源較佳包含經由與減壓源流體之 連通而安全置於真空下之小罐。因此,在該實施例中,該 敷料充當分配減麼之歧管。 在貝軛例中,將歧管置於該生物可吸收敷料上。該歧 吕有助於減壓均勻遍布於整個傷口部位上。隨後將該減壓 輸送管以流體方式與該歧管連接。 酼後向傷口施以減壓療法(3〇7)。隨著傷口癒合,該敷 料由身體再吸收且經肉芽組織置換。 如圖4中所說明,本發明之第四實施例為一種用於製備 生物可吸收夕孔性聚合物之方法及裝置,以及該聚合物作 為敷料用於減壓療法之用途。 將生物可吸收聚合物溶解於適當溶劑中(4〇1)。適當生 物可吸收聚合物包括(但不限於)本發明之其他實施例中所 揭示之聚合物。
Ik後將該生物可吸收聚合物與一或多種增塑劑及成孔劑 系、、先此合以形成非固體混合物,諸如流體或漿液(402)。該 成孔J系統可包括(但不限於)可溶性鹽或碳酸氫鈉與酸之 組合。所用成孔㈣統之量可則計量量使帛。亦預見 該成孔劑系統可以非化學計量量使用。 隨後將所得混合物添加至聚合物、增塑劑及成孔劑之非 溶劑中使得在混合物與該非溶劑接觸時該混合物自溶液沈 澱析出(403)。隨後將過量非溶劑自所得沈澱物中移除 126690.doc -23 - 200838478 (4〇4)。移除非溶劑之方法 工焉钶包括(但不限於)蒸發、手 孫及其類似方法。 方法銘咚綠^ 曰由諸如烘乾或真空乾燥之任何 居移除殘餘溶劑,只要所 亦Ύ B n 仏件不促進增塑劑之蒸發。 Ύ將所传敷料熱壓以 访私π 抄除了此存在之任何殘餘氣泡。 該所侍敷料將具有延展性。 手工Α ^ ^ μ 口而’可糟由(例如)將敷料 料晉… 甲以付合傷口之形狀及尺寸來將該敷 科置於傷口部位中(4〇5) 口之开斗 可將該敷料成型以符合傷
<心狀及尺寸。在另一告A 在另只轭例中,藉由將敷料滾軋成具 有所而厚度之薄片且將敷料切 來使該敷料成形。料切“傷口之所需形狀及尺寸 隨後將減壓裝置以流體方式與傷口部位連接叫在 二驟中Μ由具有可換性之不透性物質製成之覆蓋層覆 盍穷口部位及敷料。較佳地,該覆蓋層係由允許水蒸汽擴 散但提供氣密式密封之材料製成。該覆蓋層將延伸遍及傷 口部位及敷料之表面並延伸至傷口邊緣以夕卜在此由⑼ 如)膠黏材料將該覆蓋層緊固於皮膚表面。將至少一個減 壓輸送管置於覆蓋; 復I層之下且自覆盍層下面延伸出來。該減 壓輸送管可由任何醫用級管材製成且可以防止管黏附於傷 口上之藥劑塗佈。亦將該減壓輸送管置於與減壓源之流體 連通中’該減壓源較佳包含經由與減壓源之流體連通而安 全置於真空下之小罐。因此,在該實施例中,該敷料用來 分配減壓。 在一替代性實施例中,將該生物可吸收敷料置於傷口部 位内且將歧管置於敷料上。該歧管有助於減壓均勻遍布於 126690.doc -24- 200838478 整個傷口部位上。隨後以由具有 ^ F # Μ ^ ^ ⑦丨生之不透性物質製成 之覆|層覆盍Θ口部位、敷料及歧管1覆蓋層將延伸遍 及傷口部位、敷料及歧管之表面並延伸至傷口邊緣以外且 較佳緊固於皮膚表面。將至少一個減麼輸送管以流體方式 與該歧管連接。亦將該減壓輸送管^職源之流體連 通中’該㈣源較佳包含經由與減遷源之流體連通而安全 置於真空下之小罐。
隨後將來自傷口部位之傷口流體與成孔劑系統反應,從 沈也$成孔隙(407)。由成孔劑系統所留下之所得間隙產 生支架(亦即具有相互連通孔隙之敷料)。所得孔隙之尺寸 取決於所用成孔劑顆粒之尺寸。因而,可使用藉由(例如) 以篩網使顆粒過篩來控制成孔劑粒徑之方法。此外,所用 成孔d系統之1及成孔劑系統之粒徑將控制孔隙率百分 數。在-較佳實施例中,孔隙率百分數為至少約50%。在 另一較佳實施例中,孔隙率百分數為約7〇%。 在替代性貫施例中,在步驟(406)之前使該成孔劑系 統與流體接觸使得在將敷料(亦即支架)置於傷口部位中之 前成孔劑系統與流體反應且形成相互連通孔隙。 隨後向傷口施以減壓療法(4〇8)。隨著傷口癒合,該敷 料由身體再吸收且經肉芽組織置換。 如圖5中所說明,在第五實施例中,製備由於繩狀組態 及可換性而可置於具有任何尺寸、形狀或深度之傷口中且 月b狗完全符合傷口的多孔性生物可吸收之繩狀敷料或敷 料。該繩之形狀可為非編織物、編織、編結、交織聚合物 126690.doc -25- 200838478 纖維及其類似物。該等不同形狀引入額外空氣通道或空氣 囊且係基於聚合物纖維之形狀及其交織性質之程度。 將生物可吸收聚合物溶解於適當溶劑中(5〇1)。適當生 物可吸收聚合物包括(但不限於)本發明之其他實施例中所 揭示之聚合物。隨後將該生物可吸收聚合物與一或多種增 塑劑及成孔劑系統混合以形成非固體混合物,諸如流體或 漿液(502)。該成孔劑系統可包括(但不限於 酸氯納與酸之…所用成孔劑系統之量可以化學;:量反 或非化學計量量使用。 隨後將所得混合物經由具有所需尖端直徑之注射器或其 他衣置擠壓至聚合物、增塑劑及成孔劑之非耗巾使得該 混合物以線狀或繩狀形式自溶液沈澱析出(5〇3)。在一替代 f κ轭例中,可藉由將該所得混合物滾軋成具有所需厚度 之薄片且將該敷料切割成繩狀來使該繩成形。 又 隨後將該繩狀敷料轉移至水性介質(諸如水)中以與成孔 劑系統反應且因此形成多孔性敷料(5〇4)。由成孔劑系統所 邊下之所得間隙產生具有相互連通孔隙之敷料。所得孔隙 之尺寸取決於所用成孔劑顆粒之尺寸。_,可使用藉由 (例如)以篩網使顆粒過篩來控制成孔劑粒徑之方法。此 ’所用成孔劑系統之量及成孔劑系統之粒徑將控制孔隙 率百分數。在-較佳實施例中,孔隙率百分數為至少約 50%。在另—較佳實施例中,孔隙率百分數為約观。 隨後藉由包括(但不限於)蒸發、手工揉捏及其類似方法 之方法移除過量介質(5〇5)。此外,亦可使用烘乾或真空乾 126690.doc -26- 200838478 知’只要所用條件不促進增塑劑之蒸發D時,亦可將 繩狀敷料熱壓以移除可能存在之任何殘餘氣泡。 該所#敷料將具有延展性。因而’可將該繩狀敷料捲繞 於知口。p位中以符合傷口之形狀及尺寸(5〇6)。在另一實施 例中,將兩條或兩條以上絕交織或纏繞在—起以形成具有 較粗直徑的繩,隨後將其捲繞於傷口部位中。 後將減壓裝置以流體方式與傷口部位連接⑼7)。在 ,步驟中,以由具有可撓性之錢性物質製成之覆蓋層覆 盖傷口部位及敷料。較佳地,該覆蓋層係由允許水蒸汽擴 散但提供氣密式密封之材料製成。該覆蓋層將延伸遍及傷 口部位及敷料之表面且延伸至傷口邊緣以外。由(例如)膠 黏材料將該覆蓋層緊固於傷口四周之皮膚表面上。將至少 -個減壓輸送管置於覆蓋層之下且自覆蓋層下面延伸出 來該減壓輸送官可由任何醫用級管材製成且可以防止管 黏附於傷π上之藥劑塗佈。亦將該減壓輸送管置於與減壓 源之抓體連通中’该減壓源較佳包含經由與減屋源流體之 連通而女王置於真空下之小罐。因此,在該實施例中,該 敷料用來分配減壓。 在-替代性實施例中,將該生物可吸收敷料置於傷口部 位内且將歧官置於敷料上。該歧管有助於減壓均勻遍布於 正個知口邛位上。隨後以由具有可撓性之不透性物質製成 之覆蓋層覆蓋傷口部位、敷料及歧管。該覆蓋層將延伸遍 及傷口部位、敷料及歧管之表面並延伸至傷口邊緣以外且 較佳緊固於皮膚表面。將至少一個減壓輸送管以流體方式 126690.doc -27- 200838478 …亥歧g連接。亦將該減壓輸送管置於與減麼源之流體連 通中,該減屢源較佳包含經由與減屢源之流體連通而安全 置於真空下之小罐。 一來自产π部位之傷σ流體與任何殘餘成m统反應且 、形成額外孔隙(508)。隨後向傷口施以減壓療法 (09) &著傷口癒合,該敷料由身體再吸收且經肉芽組織 置換。該繩直徑可變化,但較佳將介於約2 mm與约7 mm 之間。 亦瞭解生物可吸收敷料可藉由適合於從業者之任何方法 來形成。舉例而言’在第六實施例中,藉由將一或多種生 可吸收聚口物加熱至其玻璃轉移溫度以上使得該聚合物 可流動來製備多孔性生物可吸收敷料。適當聚合物包括 (不限於)本發明之其他實施例中所揭示之聚合物。隨後 將生物可吸收聚合物與成孔劑系統混合。纟另一實施例 亦將或多種增塑劑添加至該生物可吸收聚合物中。 在進订或不進行額外加熱之情況下,將所得混合物擾拌直 至可生物降解聚合物與該成孔劑系統混合。可隨後使該混 :物形成薄片或成型物且冷卻。可藉由任何方法將所得混 合物形成為具有適應傷口部位所需之形狀及尺寸的敷料, 方法包括(但不限於)手工成型、雷射切割及其類似方法。 藉由使2·36 g 90:10 pLA:PCL及0·26 g檸檬酸三乙輯於 12 mL二氯甲烧中之溶液與I·65 g擰檬酸與2·73 g碳酸氫鈉 之混合物(已經過篩至9 0 - 2 5 0之粒徑)組合來製備多孔性生 物可吸收界面層。將懸浮液澆注於經鐵氟龍塗佈之模具上 126690.doc -28- 200838478 且乾燥。隨後將所㈣片熱壓,於水中浸泡12小時以移除 ' 且軋秌。使用裝備有流體口及壓力感應器之柵 板50〇篆升/天之生理食鹽水輸注速率及5〇、 125 mmHg或200 mmHg之施加壓力模擬VAc,療法。對 寸之夕孔性生物可吸收界面層薄片進行4 8小時測試 (n一3)。在預先確定之時間點收集流體且監測壓力。使用$ 么7刀直徑之全厚度切除豬傷口模型評估向内生長至敷料中 之組織。以網狀開放氣室式敷料包敷對照傷口化=3 ),而 以具有網狀開放氣室式敷料之多孔性生物可吸收界面層覆 蓋測試⑧傷口(n = 3)時。隨後在-125 mmHg下啟始連續 V.A.C,療法。在各壓力設定下網狀開放氣室式敷料與具 有;狀開放氟室式敷料之多孔性生物可吸收界面層之間的 差異為最小值(0.5U mmHg)。7天後,將具有敷料之組織 整個切除,固定且H&e染色。 結果表明,多孔性生物可吸收界面層存在於網狀開放氣 室式敷料下並不阻礙流體流經敷料。當將網狀開放氣室式 敷料直接置於傷口上時大範圍向内生長至網狀開放氣室式 敷料中。當將多孔性生物可吸收界面層置於傷口床之間時 並未觀測到向内生長至網狀開放氣室式敷料中。僅於界面 層中發現向内生長。因此,若使用生物可吸收界面層,則 僅移除網狀開放氣室式敷料將不破壞新組織生長。 蓉於上文應明瞭已提供具有明顯優勢之本發明。儘管本 發明僅以其少數形式展示,但本發明並不僅限於此且易於 在不悖離其精神之情況下作出各種變化及修改。 126690.doc -29- 200838478 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1說明根據本發明之一些實施例的流程圖,其展示用 碳酸氫鈉及酸成孔劑系統製造生物可吸收聚合物之過程及 其在減壓療法中之用途。 圖2說明根據本發明之一些實施例的流程圖,其展示用 鹽成孔劑系統製造生物可吸收聚合物之過程及其在減壓療 法中之用途。 圖3說明根據本發明之一些實施例的流程圖,其展示藉 由使用生物可吸收聚合物及成孔劑系統製造多孔性敷料之 過程及該多孔性敷料在減壓療法中之用途。 圖4說明根據本發明之一些實施例的流程圖,其展示藉 由使用生物可吸收聚合物及成孔劑系統製造多孔性敷料之 過程及該多孔性敷料在減壓療法中之用途。 圖5說明根據本發明之一些實施例的流程圖,其展示製 造呈繩狀之多孔性敷料之過程及該多孔性敷料在減壓療法 中之用途。 126690.doc 30-
Claims (1)
- 200838478 十、申請專利範圍: 1. 一種促進傷口部位新組織生長及/或傷口 一· 媒佘之方法,其 藉由將一或多種生物可吸收聚合物一、 種成孔劑 (porogen)糸統溶解於溶劑中且移除該溶劑來形成敷料. 將該敷料置於該傷π部位中使得該敷料符合科口’ 位之尺寸及形狀; ° 安置一歧管與該敷料接觸;以一覆蓋層(drape)覆蓋該歧管; 將該覆蓋層緊固於該傷口周圍之皮膚表面上; 經由該敷料及歧管向該傷口部位施加減壓;及 藉由使傷口流體與該敷料内之成孔劑系統接觸來於該 敷料内就地形成孔隙。 … 2·如請求们之方法,其中該成孔劑系統為碳酸氫納及至 3.如明求項2之方法,其中該酸為檸檬酸。 如吻求項1之方法’其中該成孔㈣統為鹽。 5. 6. 如請求項1之方法 或多種增塑劑添加 如請求項1之方法 與500微米之間。 ,其中該敷料之形成進一步包含將一 至該溶劑中。 ,其中該等孔隙之尺寸係介於1 〇〇微米 7.如請求項1 、 方法,其_該敷料置於該傷口部位中係以 手使垓數料成型而進行。 種促進傷口部位新組織生長及/或傷口癒合之方法,其 126690.doc 200838478 包含: 糟由將一或多種生物可吸收聚合物溶解於溶劑中,使 種成孔劑系統與該聚合物於該溶劑中混纟,及移除該 溶劑來形成敷料; 使該敷料與流體接觸使得該成孔劑系統形成孔隙; 將該敷料置於該傷口部位中使得該敷料接觸該傷口部 位;9. 女置一歧管與該敷料接觸; 以一覆蓋層覆蓋該歧管; 將該覆蓋層緊固於該傷σ周圍之皮膚表面上; 、、、二由該敷料及歧管向該傷口部位施加減壓。 及至 如請求項8之方法,其中該成孔劑系統為碳酸氫納 10.如請求項9之方法’其中該酸為檸檬酸。 月求項8之方法,其中該成孔劑系統為鹽。12.=!8之方法,其中該敷料之形成進-步包含將- 或夕種$曰塑劑添加至該溶劑中。 13:項8之方法該敷料置於該傷口部位中係以 手使該敷料成型而進行。 "糸以 14之=:欲用於支持傷口部位新組織生長及/或傷口疮合 之敷科的方法,該方法包含: 您口 將1多種生物可吸收聚合物溶解於溶劑中 :成孔刻糸統顆粒添加至該溶劑中. 移除該溶劑以形成固體敷料; 126690.doc 200838478 熱Μ該敷料,· 藉由使該敷料與流體接觸來引發孔隙形成。 15·如請求項14之方法,其中該方法進一步包含: 在熱壓該敷料之前以成孔劑系統顆粒塗佈該敷料。 16·如明求項14之方法,其中該方法進一步包含:' 藉由使用熱壓板將-圓片(wafer)壓印於該敷料之 及/或底部上。 、σ| 17·如請求項14之方法,其中該方法進一步包含: 以一或多種促進癒合之物質塗佈該敷料。 18. —種促進傷口部位新組織生長及/或癒合 含: 乃古,其包 藉由以下步驟形成敷料: 〇將一或多種生物可吸收聚合物及一種成孔劑系统 溶解至溶劑中以形成混合物; u)將該混合物置於非溶劑中使得該一或多種生物可吸收聚合物及成孔劑系統自Η)溶液中沈澱析出;^ 移除過量非溶劑; 將該敷料置於該傷口部位中使得該敷料接觸該 安置一歧管與該敷料接觸; 以一覆蓋層覆蓋該歧管; 將該覆蓋層緊固於該傷口周圍之皮膚表面上; 、、二由該敷料及歧管向該傷口部位施加減壓。 19·如明求項18之方法,其中該敷料進一步包含至少一種增 126690.doc 200838478 塑劑。 2〇_如請求項18之方法 少一種酸。 21·如請求項18之方法 22·如睛求項18之方法 23·如睛求項18之方法 至 其中該成孔劑系統為碳酸氫鈉及 其中該酸為檸檬酸。 其中該成孔劑系統為鹽。 其中該敷料置於該傷 手使該敷料成型而進行。 4口。η立中係以 24·如請求項18之方法,其中該方法進-步包含: 在該敷料置於該傷口部位 態。 〗便该敷枓形成繩狀組 25. -種促進傷口部位新組織生長之方法,其包含. 藉由以下步驟形成敷料: )猎由^ $多種生物可吸收聚合物溶解於溶劑中 =將-種成孔劑系統添加至該溶劑中來形成混合 ❿ ϋ)該混合物於一種非溶劑中藉由使用一種具有所· 尖端直徑之裝置擠壓使得該混合物沈澱為具有: 需直徑之繩狀;及 iii)移除過量非溶劑; 將該敷料置於該傷口部位中使得該敷料接觸該傷口部 位; 安置一歧管與該敷料接觸; 以一覆蓋層覆蓋該歧管; 將該覆盍層緊固於該傷口周圍之皮膚表面上; 經由該敷料及歧官向該傷口部位施加減壓。 126690.doc
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- 2007-11-09 EP EP07870865.8A patent/EP2079418B1/en active Active
- 2007-11-09 US US11/983,548 patent/US20080114277A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-11-09 CN CN200780041708XA patent/CN101605518B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-11-09 SG SG2011079209A patent/SG175690A1/en unknown
- 2007-11-09 JP JP2009536320A patent/JP5249236B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-11-09 AU AU2007317809A patent/AU2007317809B2/en not_active Ceased
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