TW200412686A - Lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Lithium ion battery Download PDF

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TW200412686A
TW200412686A TW092100154A TW92100154A TW200412686A TW 200412686 A TW200412686 A TW 200412686A TW 092100154 A TW092100154 A TW 092100154A TW 92100154 A TW92100154 A TW 92100154A TW 200412686 A TW200412686 A TW 200412686A
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ion battery
lithium
scope
patent application
item
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TW092100154A
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TWI236778B (en
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Ge-Lane Chen
Charles Leu
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Hon Hai Prec Ind Co Ltd
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Priority to TW092100154A priority Critical patent/TWI236778B/zh
Priority to US10/404,467 priority patent/US7060390B2/en
Priority to JP2003106946A priority patent/JP4160436B2/ja
Publication of TW200412686A publication Critical patent/TW200412686A/zh
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Publication of TWI236778B publication Critical patent/TWI236778B/zh
Priority to US11/293,341 priority patent/US7682750B2/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
    • C01G51/40—Complex oxides containing cobalt and at least one other metal element
    • C01G51/42—Complex oxides containing cobalt and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2
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    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
    • C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
    • C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/10—Particle morphology extending in one dimension, e.g. needle-like
    • C01P2004/13—Nanotubes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/40—Electric properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
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Description

200412686 五、發明說明（1) 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種鋰離子電池， 奈米碳管及奈米顆粒作電極材料之鐘離U於-種利用 【先前技術】 雕于電池。 由於視聽、資訊及通訊等電子。 搞化方向發展，電子產品所用的電池線化、便 廣泛應用於消費性電子產品如手機、筌ίί疋二次電池， 中，鐘離子電池因其電容量Α^ ^己本電腦等，其 一般而言，鋰離子電池包括一陰=到晋遍歡迎。 陽極並將#分隔開之滲透_ i。i ^極及連接陰極與 孔結構，可使離子通過，卻對二 芩透隔離膜係多 聚丙烯或聚苯乙烯；陰極— :f，—般為聚乙烯、 UM〇2(M_-Co、Nl3tMn) 過渡金屬氧化物，如 在氧化過程中變成離子材料之原子 陽極材料-般為可丧鐘化勿，、n电路中形成電流； 碳纖，維及金屬氧化物等。種妷材料包括石墨、 入舆脫嵌反應實現充放帝，兩離子電池係以鋰離子之嵌 解反應，因而可避免在二炻代鋰電池内鋰金屬沈積與溶 離子電池之壽命及安全=能n鐘的枝狀晶化問題，使經 鐘離子電池之電宏旦 透隔離膜相關，A=充放電性能與陰極、陽極及滲 存，離子之電=二:究電重也：電容量，尋找更適合 奈——種新型碳材料=日本科學家⑴·服於 第4頁 200412686 五、發明說明（2) 1991 年發現，請參見’’Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon", S Iijima, Nature, vol.354, p56 (1991)，其與石墨、金剛石互為同素巽形體，有單壁奈米 碳管與多壁奈米碳管之分。Jijun Zhao等人研究嵌經奈米 碳管之性質，發表於Physical Review Letters，vol. 85， ρ1707〜1709(2000)，其結果表明，單壁奈米碳管内部 及管間空隙均可後入鐘，單壁奈米碳管之鋰嵌入電勢與石 墨相似，但嵌入密度明顯高於石墨，可達LiHC。 美國專利第6, 280, 6 97號揭露一種單壁奈米碳管作鋰 離子電池之電極材料，盆共、a a t ,.,,j ^ ^ ^ ^ 八衣備過耘包括·· a )以雷射燒蝕 法衣備早土不米碳管，盆Φ人士 * .U、π生 /、 3有其他雜質碟及金屬催化劑 顆粒，b )、屋 >月洗、純仆舟驟 # 〇/ >、θ /1 步驟，可獲得單壁奈米碳管含量 其鋰嵌入密度最高可達 底浸入該溶液，在基底表將面該开Γ/物溶於溶液中，將一基 單壁奈米碳管。因單壁：t :」—薄g ’該薄膜含有大量 離子電池之電極，其實管可欲入鐘，故，可用作链 惟，上述所用之單壁奈 利於工業大量生產；另，复^反官‘備困難，產量小，不 以控制，影響經離子I^ ^備所彳于產物之直徑與長度難 4 电 >也之雷令 e ^ 大量無定型碳及金屬催化太、，董；產物純度低，摻雜有 的提純步驟。 ^示米顆粒等雜質，需經過繁複 因此，提供一種具有大帝κ 子電池實為必要。 私各量且易於大量生產之經離
$ 5頁 200412686 五、發明說明（3) 【内容】 本發明之目的係提供一種具有 製備之鋰離子電池。 里且劳於生產 f發明提供-種鋰離子電池，其包括—陰極、一陽極 :由參=:，該陰極包括Ll鄭㈣ 土不米碳官構成之奈米碳管陣列，各多壁奈米碳管 已3禝數同軸石墨管層，相鄰石墨管層之間可嵌入鋰離 子，該滲^隔離膜具微孔結構，可使離子通過而不導電。 ^，前技術相較，本發明之鋰離子電池由於陽極包括 ^米碳管陣列，陰極之LixC〇yNiz〇2奈米顆粒具有比表面積 ^二化學活性高之特點，其可易於嵌入更多鋰離子，從而 ，南電池之電容量，且多壁奈米碳管陣列易於製備。 【實施方式】 請f見第一圖，係本發明之鋰離子電池之示意圖，其 =$二^極1，一陰極5，以及碌置於陽極1與陰極5之間的 “I等該備陰1之材料為…0^认奈米顆粒，可 t X T y X：CZ\N ^ ^ 因太 y z之數值滿足化學計置比即可。 ;具有比表面積大、化學活性高之特點，因而易 連有利於链離子之嵌人與脫嵌。滲透隔離膜3 構，孔〕與陰極5，且將陽極1與陰極5間隔，其係多孔結 ΐ採用能f過離子…滲透隔離膜不導電，-般 乙烯、聚丙烯或聚笨乙烯材料。 月/見第一圖，為在基底1()表面生成之奈米碳管陣列 200412686 / 五、發明說明（4) 12之示意圖。一般而言，生成奈米碳 學軋相沈積（CVD)法，兌包括下 列1 2之方法為化 形成金屬催化劑(未圖示；，如鐵、：錄於矽基底10表面 理形成催化劑奈米顆粒(未圖示）、::;其氧化物，經 ^源氣，加熱到生長溫度（如63〇〜 通入乙稀或乙块 米顆粒之生長點逐漸生長出奈米碳管（圖去):於催化劑奈 米碳管陣列12。以CVD 未標示），形成奈 奈米碳管，其直徑蛊$ # 不未石反官陣列12均係多壁 度，可由控制退火過程而實現，奈米石户=之大小與密 由生長時間而控制， A s車列1 2之高度可 如弟三圖所示’係本發明第—實施例之立 經離子電池從外形上可分為圓柱形 圖。 述第一圖之太乎磁总i M %極為方形電極’係由上 植時將石夕美移植至一方形基板11而成，移 面i ^ 去除，僅將奈米碳管陣列12移至基板丨丨表 面，其中奈米碳管22為多壁奈米碳管，其外管徑 1〇〇山奈米，相鄰奈米石炭管22之間距為20至5 0 0奈米為=離 子肷入奈米碳管陣列12，其可存儲於奈米碳管22及各夺米 碳管22間之空隙。基板丨丨為金屬板，其具有一平整表面，、 以使該表面與奈米碳管陣列丨2良好接觸。基板i丨提供陽極 1與外電路（未圖示）之電連接，電流可通過此基板丨丨於鋰 離子電池與外電路之間傳輸。 請麥見第四圖，本發明之第二實施例之陽極示意圖， 係 圓形電極，可適於圓柱形鐘離子電池。其包括一具有
200412686
五、發明說明（5) 面i::基板U’及由奈米碳管22組成之奈米碳管 陣歹Π 2，其中奈米碳管陣列丨2可由上 陣列1 2經裁剪為圓报诒於诘而俨 弟 Η之不未兔官 ^為®形後私植而侍，也可於圓形矽基底上生 = 碳管陣列移植而得’移植時將石夕基底1〇去除， 僅=不未妷管陣列12移至金屬基板u，之平整表面，以實 管陣列12與基板u，之良好接觸。基板u，提供陽 "/、卜電路之電連接，電流可通過此基板n，於鋰離子 池與外電路之間傳輪。 ％ ^請芩見第五圖，係奈米碳管22之示意圖。奈米碳管22 係多壁奈米碳管，由複數不同直經之同軸碳管（圖未標示） 相套而成，各同軸碳管為一石墨層捲繞而成，其結構與石 墨層相同，其最内層碳管内以及各同軸碳管之間均可嵌入 鋰離子，鋰離子嵌入電勢與石墨相同，但因其係中空^壁 結構，故，可嵌入鋰離子數量遠較同等質量石墨多。土 本發明娌離子電池之電解液之溶劑可為碳酸丙烯脂 (Propylene Carbonate, PC)、碳酸乙烯酯（Ethylene
Carbonate, EC)或碳酸二甲 s旨（Dimethy][ Carb〇nate， DEC)等，電解液溶質可為LipF6、UBf4 4LiC1〇4等。 本發明之鋰離子電池尚可有其他變化設計，例如將 數奈米碳管陣列並排放置，以增加陽極之面積，或將二屄 或多於二層之奈米碳管陣列堆疊一起以增加陽極之高度: 相應改變陰極之大小以適應陽極，即可改變鋰離子電池 合=、，亦可改，交各奈米碳管之管徑大小及其間距，及改餻 迅解液之組成，或改變滲透隔離膜，使鋰離子順暢通過等
200412686 五、發明說明（6) 等，均屬本發明允許之變化。 綜上所述，本發明確已符合發明專利之要件，遂依法 提出專利申請。惟，以上所述者僅為本發明之較佳實施 例，自不能以此限制本案之申請專利範圍。舉凡熟悉本案 技藝之人士援依本發明之精神所作之等效修飾或變化，皆 應涵蓋於以下申請專利範圍内。
第9頁· 200412686 圖式簡單說明 第一圖係本發明之經離子電池之示意圖。 第二圖係奈米碳管陣列之示意圖。 第三圖係本發明鋰離子電池第一實施例之陽極示意 圖。 第四圖係本發明鋰離子電池第二實施例之陽極示意 圖。 第五圖係多壁奈米碳管之示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 陽極 1 滲透隔離膜 3 陰極 5 石夕基底 10 基板 11,11， 奈米碳管陣列 12 奈米碳管 22
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Claims (1)

  1. 200412686 六、申請專利範圍 1. 一種經離子電池，其包括·· 一陽極，其包括至少一第一奈米碳管陣列； 一陰極，其包括1^^〇^込02奈米顆粒； 一滲透隔離膜，設置於該陽極與陰極之間，用以連 接並隔開陰極與陽極； 其中該奈米碳管陣列包括複數多壁奈米碳管，該 LixCoyNiz02奈米顆粒之粒徑為10奈米至100奈米。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之鋰離子電池，其中該鋰離 子電池進一步包括一第二奈米碳管陣列與該第一奈米 碳管陣列平行並排設置。 3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之鋰離子電池，其中該鋰離 子電池進一步包括一第二奈米碳管陣列堆疊於該第一 奈米碳管陣列之上。 4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之鋰離子電池，其中該複數 多壁奈米碳管之外直徑為1 0奈米至1 0 0奈米。 5. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之鋰離子電池，其中相鄰多 ^壁奈米碳管之間距為20奈米至500奈米。 6. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之鋰離子電池，其中鋰離子 嵌入複數多壁奈米碳管内。 7. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之鋰離子電池，其中該複數 多壁奈米碳管包括複數同軸石墨層相套而成，鋰離子 可嵌入該石墨層内或石墨層之間。 8. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之鋰離子電池，其中鋰離子 嵌入相鄰多壁奈米碳管之間。
    第11頁 200412686 六、申請專利範圍 9.如申請專利範圍第1項所述之鋰離子電池，其中奈米碳 管陣列係以化學氣相沈積法製備。 1 0.如申請專利範圍第1項所述之鋰離子電池，其中 LixCoyNiz02奈米顆粒係以燒結法製備。 11. 一種經離子電池之陽極，其包括： 一金屬基板，該金屬基板具有一平整表面； 第一奈米碳管陣列，垂直設置於該平整表面上； 其中，該奈米碳管陣列包括複數多壁奈米碳管，複 數鋰離子嵌入該奈米碳管陣列。 1 2.如申請專利範圍第11項所述之鋰離子電池之陽極，其 中進一步包括第二奈米碳管陣列與該第一奈米碳管陣 列平行並排設置。 1 3.如申請專利範圍第11項所述之鋰離子電池之陽極，其 中進一步包括第二奈米碳管陣列堆疊於該第一奈米碳 管陣列之上。 1 4.如申請專利範圍第1 1項所述之鋰離子電池之陽極，其 ，中多壁奈米碳管包括複數捲繞石墨層同軸相套一起。 1 5.如申請專利範圍第1 4項所述之鋰離子電池之陽極，其 中鋰離子嵌入到該石墨層内。 1 6.如申請專利範圍第11項所述之鋰離子電池之陽極，其 中鋰離子嵌入該奈米碳管之内。 1 7.如申請專利範圍第11項所述之鋰離子電池之陽極，其 中鋰離子嵌入相鄰奈米碳管之間隙。 1 8.如申請專利範圍第11項所述之鋰離子電池之陽極，其
    第12頁 200412686 六、申請專利範圍 中該奈米碳管之外徑為10奈米至100奈米。 1 9.如申請專利範圍第11項所述之鋰離子電池之陽極，其 中該奈米碳管之間距為2 0奈米至5 0 0奈米。 20. —種鋰離子電池之陰極，其包括： 一金屬基板； LixCoyNiz02奈米顆粒，與該金屬基板接觸； 其中該LixCoyNiz02奈米顆粒之粒徑為10奈米至100 奈米。
    第13頁
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