SU871780A1 - Attachment to beehive - Google Patents

Description

(54) PREFERRING

one

The invention relates to beekeeping.

Known adaptation to the hive in the form of an extension, which has the shape of a solid tubular body with a square base 1.

However, the known device does not improve the thermal regime in the winter.

A prefix to the hive is known, which is reinforced on its front wall and contains a vertical heating chamber, in the upper part of which a normally closed thermal valve 2 is embedded.

However, in a hive with such an attachment, the ventilation is not good enough and the thermal regime in the winter is not regulated.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the ventilation conditions and control the temperature in the hive in winter.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the upper part of the chamber has a channel. For connection to the upper entrance to the ul, an exhaust pipe is installed inside the chamber, a piercing wall with its lower part and provided with means for connecting to the lower entrance to the ul, and the upper part communicates with the atmosphere. material, while in the lower part of the chamber there is an opening for the access of fresh air, with the lower end of the exhaust pipe at the junction with the lower entrance contains a tap-valve, and the transparent wall on revatelnoy chamber is provided with a movable shutter.

FIG. 1 shows a hive with a heating chamber in solar time; in fig. 2 - the same, in the sunless time; in fig. 3 - a hive with a heating chamber, front view; in fig. 4 - the same, side view.

Hive 1 has a notch 2, an upper 3 and a lower 4. In the housing of the ul is located in wintertime a club of 5 bees. The attachment to the hive includes an exhaust pipe 6, a heating chamber 7 formed by walls 8, bottom 9, front wall 10, upper bar 11. The chamber has an opening 12, a channel 13, a lower bar 14, a groove 15, an opening 16, a channel 17, sealing bushings 18, corkscrew 19, a branch pipe 20 with a hole 21, a thermal valve 22 on a bimetallic plate 23, a plate rack 24, a shutter 25, a jack 26.

Solar radiation heats the air in chamber 7 and pipe 6. Convection currents arise in the chamber and pipe.

air directed upwards. In the hive, due to the heat of the bee club, there also exists a convection air flow, which is directed from bottom to top. The flow from the ul and the flow from the chamber are found in bay 3. It can be expected that the ventilation will stop. However, this does not happen, as the pipe 6 still acts, which sucks the air through the notch 4 from the lower part of the ul where a vacuum is created. Therefore, the device as a whole causes a change in the direction of airflow in the hive. Cold air saturated with carbon dioxide and moisture is sucked from the bottom of the ul, where it accumulates due to gravity, and fresh and heated air flows from the chamber to the upper part of the ul. Thus, the exhaust ventilation is replaced with natural stimulation due to the heat of the beekeeper club ventilating with inducement due to the energy of the sun's rays. Receiving replacement of one method of ventilation with another is carried out automatically, without human involvement, "The switch is solar radiation itself.

The sensitivity of this ventilation reception to the sun's rays is very high, since the thermal pressures from the ul and the chamber are commensurate, and the suction effect of the pipe is not balanced by anything. Even with weak solar radiation, ventilation is performed in the indicated manner. The suppressive suction of the chimney provides enhanced ventilation.

Since thermal pressures from the chamber and from the ul approximately equilibrate each other, the intensity of ventilation depends mainly only on the temperature difference between the air in the pipe and outside the ul. Therefore, the ventilation can be adjusted both manually

and automatically by changing the temperature mode of the pipe and applying a valve in the pipe. When ventilating, heat is introduced into the hive, i.e., the heater is heated from the inside. According to the conditions of beekeeping in winter, the temperature in the winter hut should not exceed 4 ° C, with enhanced ventilation - not higher than 6 ° C. Therefore, the heating of the air in the chamber should not exceed 6 ° C. Therefore, automatic limiting of heating should be provided.

Despite the fact that an increase in the air temperature in the chamber automatically leads to an increase in ventilation, (1 st, such an automatic limitation of heating is provided through an automatic valve that ensures the flow of superheated air to the outside. In addition, in the event of an excessive increase in temperature during Increasing solar radiation (closer to spring) provides shading of a part of the chamber with an adjustable flap.

In sunshine-free time, the exhaust ventilation with natural induction is automatically slowed down by the device due to the heat of the bee club, i.e. the gas exchange and the heat exchange between the ul and the external environment are slowed down, the heat generated by the bee club is economical. A slowdown in ventilation does not contradict the needs of the bee colony. It is known that in the cold season, the bees contract into a dense club, the gas exchange in the club slows down and is kept warm, and the temperature inside the club is maintained up to 30 ° C. In the thaw, the club of the bees becomes loose and gas exchange in the club increases. Thus, the slowdown of ventilation in the sunless time fully meets the natural needs of the bee colony under these conditions.

FIG. 2 shows the same hive with the device, but in the absence of solar radiation. Convection air flows in the chamber 7 and the pipe 6 are missing. There is a convection flow in the hive, directed upwards. Warm air and moisture vapors exit through tray 3 into the chamber and drop downward of the chamber to the outlet. At the same time, the outside air through pipe 6 and through, the lower notch 4 enters the hive, i.e., natural ventilation is expelled by the heat of the club of bees. But this ventilation is slow in this case. In fact, if the air leaving the ul to the chamber is not cooled, then with equal temperature pressures from the ul and out of the chamber, convection equilibrium should occur. However, this does not happen. The air in the chamber is cooled, it gives off heat to the walls of the chamber, glass, pipe, some of the heat goes to heat the air that enters the hive through the pipe (heat exchange). But it is known that the transfer of heat from one body to another takes some time. This time is the deceleration time of the ventilation. The delay time depends mainly on the outside temperature and the thermal insulation of the chamber. Their actions are opposite. From this it follows that the constructive implementation of the device can also set the required time for slowing down ventilation in accordance with the needs of the bee family. For example, to increase the retardation time, a transparent wall can be made double with an air gap between the panes. Finally, in this technique of ventilation, the glass wall and the pipe (metal) play the role of moisture condensers, contributing to the desiccation of the ul medium.

Claims (3)

There is also an injection into the hive of the air heated to a certain temperature and the displacement of cold air, carbon dioxide and moisture to the outside from the UL. This is necessary in the early spring period for bees, when the family needs a lot of heat to remove brood (some kind of incubator hive) and when the main entrance for the free flow of bees to the outside is to be opened, the first one with increased ventilation is less suitable for this purpose. , as the ventilation is excessive. This technique is carried out as follows. The main entrance for the free exit of the bees opens, the exhaust pipe closes or completely closes so that excessive ventilation does not occur, the heating chamber with the help of a curtain and valve is regulated to increase the air heating (above 6 ° C). In this case, during solar time, a temperature pressure arises in the chamber, heated air rushes through the upper notch into the hive, fills the entire volume from top to bottom, displacing cold air, carbon dioxide and moisture through the lower main notch to the outside. In sunshine-free time, this reception is automatically replaced by a deceleration of natural ventilation, thereby retaining heat accumulated during the solar time. The heating chamber 7 is made in the form of a flat box of a certain size, the walls and bottom of which are made of heat insulating material, such as wood, and the front (front) wall is made of a material that is transparent to the sun's rays, for example window glass, the inner surface of the chamber is painted in color, promotes better absorption of sunlight. The chamber is attached by a bottom side to the front wall of the ul in an upright position, while the upper part of the chamber communicates through the opening (entry) of the upper body with the upper part of the ul, and from below communicates through an opening made in the lower bar of the chamber with the atmosphere. The exhaust pipe 6 is made of a certain size from a heat-conducting material, such as duralumin, and installed inside the chamber in a vertical position, while the lower end of the pipe through the opening (entry) of the lower body communicates with the lower part of the ul and its upper end communicates with the atmosphere. The plug-valve 19 is designed to regulate ventilation, i.e., the amount of suction of air from the ul during a certain time at a given intensity of solar radiation, and is installed in a hole in the lower bar of the chamber, through which the lower end of the exhaust pipe communicates with the lower part ul. It is made in the form of a conventional wood plug, slightly conical in shape, with a curtain (lip) at the working end, due to which an adjustable passage for air from the ul to the chimney is formed in the entrance door. The shutter 25 is intended to darken the transparent wall of the chamber in order to control the amount of radiant energy penetrating into the chamber made of an opaque material for the sun's rays, such as plywood, tarpaulin, roofing felts, etc. Thermal valve 22 is designed to maintain a predetermined air temperature in the chamber in order to protect wintering bees in the hive from overheating. It is mounted on the upper bar inside the chamber at the level of the hole through which the chamber communicates with the hive. The valve seat is installed in a hole in the chamber top bar with the possibility of movement along the axis to the valve or from the valve, in order to regulate the temperature of opening the valve, the valve itself is mushroom-shaped and made of plastic (light, stainless). and hinged at the free end of the bimetallic plate, which is a sensitive element to the temperature and the working part of the valve, the other end of the plate is rigidly attached to the inside of the upper bar of the chamber. Transparent front wall 10 of the camera must be made of a material that transmits heat and ultraviolet rays. The main part of the device is the chamber 7, which functions as a solar air heater (convector) and at the same time the function of a convection injection pump. The walls 8 are made of boards 40 mm thick. The bottom of the 9th chamber is sealed with plywood. The front side is made of glass. Inside the camera is painted black to better absorb the radiant energy of the sun. The camera communicates with the hive and the external medium through special openings and channels. In the upper bar 11, openings are made for the exhaust pipe 6, an opening 12 for the thermal valve exhaust pipe and a vertical-horizontal channel 13 for connecting the upper body tap hole to the device chamber. In the lower bar 14, two troughs 15 are made to drain condensed moisture, two openings 16 for communicating the chamber with the external environment and a vertical-horizonal channel 17 for communicating the vent of the lower housing with the chimney 6. The rungs of the upper and lower housing are connected to the channels of the chamber through sealing sleeves 18 and gridded mesh so that the bees cannot penetrate the chamber and the chimney. The next main working part of the device is the exhaust pipe 6, which functions as a convection pump that creates the draft. The pipe is selected duralumin, with a diameter of 30 mm and a height of 30 mm, thin-walled - 1 mm. The pipe has a high thermal conductivity and a sufficiently large inner and outer surface of contact with air. The upper end of the pipe is connected to the atmosphere, and the lower end is connected to the channel 17, which communicates with the lower body of the lower body and overlaps with a special tap-plug 19. By turning the tap of the crane you can smoothly change the passage for gas and thus adjust the pull. In order to judge the position of the cork tap, an arrow (pointer) is made on its end face, and on the bar there are marks “Open and“ Closed. The tap-plug can be removed from the channel and in its place a rubber tube can be inserted to "dry the bee colony." The most responsible and difficult part of the device. is a thermal valve designed to protect the ul with wintering bees from overheating by bypassing overheated air from the chamber to the outside in order to prevent the bees from disintegrating in the wintertime. The thermal valve consists of a vent nozzle 20, a plastic nut 26j of a plastic valve 22 of a cup type, a bimetallic plate 23, a stand 24 for fastening the plate. The sensitive element to the air temperature in the chamber is a bimetallic plate (steel-invar), which simultaneously performs the function of the operating element, which actuates the bypass valve. For a rough adjustment of the thermal mode of the device, a shutter 25 is made, with which part of the glass of the chamber can be shaded. This adjustment is made periodically - in the fall, in the winter, in the spring, i.e. with a significant change in solar radiation. Hives intended for wintering bees in the open are placed on the site facing the front wall on the sunny side. A device is hung on each hive so that the connecting glue bushings 18 are tightly lined up in the upper and lower housings of the upper and lower bodies. The device is pressed tightly against the front wall with an ultrasonic seal. The main lower chamber of the ul closes tightly. In winter, the departure of bees is not provided. If, however, the device is used in the southern regions of the country, where a winter flight of bees is possible, then the main entrance should be covered to a minimum. This is done so that the hive communicates with the external environment only through a device, which in this case performs its functions unhindered. The closure of the lower notch also guarantees against penetration into the hive of mice. The operation of the device for sucking carbon dioxide from the ul and more moisture and filling the ul with fresh heated air is carried out due to the radiant energy of the sun. Heating of the air in the chamber is provided to a greater extent than is required; this is done in order to allow the thermal conditions of the device to be regulated within wide limits; roughly - with the help of a manual blast and accurately - with the help of an automatic thermal valve. These adjustments are corrected by the beekeeper periodically - in the fall, in the winter, in the early spring period, so that the temperature on the sunny day is maintained in the chamber (~ 4 ° C, with increased ventilation up to 6 ° C). The ventilator is also designed with some margin. With a temperature difference between the chamber and the outside, for example, at 10 ° C, the convection flow rate in the exhaust pipe reaches 0.15 m / s. With a cross-section of the exhaust hole, regulated by a tap-stopper, in 1 cm2 the exchange of air in the hive reaches one liter per minute. The two buildings of the multi-unit ul have a volume of 90 liters, part of the volume is filled with frames, honeycombs, honey, bees. Consequently, all the air in the hive is replaced in a little more than one hour. The operation of the device in the autumn-winter and early-spring periods is characterized by its main possible modes, corresponding to solar and sun-free weather and time of day. The mode of enhanced ventilation and heating is set automatically on sunny days (Fig. 1). Solar radiation heats the air in the chamber and in the chimney. Convection air flow occurs in the pipe, a ha occurs, which results in exhausting carbon dioxide and raw cold air from the lower case, and fresh and heated air from the chamber enters the upper case. FIG. The 3 and 4 arrows indicate the paths of the exhaust gas from the ul and the fresh heated air entering the hive just for this ventilation mode. When the fresh air overheats in the chamber, the thermal valve opens and superheated air is bypassed outside, additional fresh cold air enters the chamber, and thus the air temperature in the chamber is lowered. The intensity of ventilation and the thermal regime are set differentially for each bee colony, depending on its condition and behavior at the beginning of wintering with the help of a plug valve of a thermal valve and a valve. The delayed breathing mode is also automatically set {without the beekeeper’s fate), but at night and any sunless time (Fig. 2). Since there is no solar radiation, convection air flows in the chimney and in the chamber do not occur. Thermal valve tightly closed. There is a convection gas flow from the ul through the upper entrance to the device chamber. But this flow is insignificant, since the device in this case, being a sort of a vestibule between the hive and the external environment, slows down the ventilation. Thus, the hive breathes a little, but with a significantly lower heat emission than with exhaust, immediate ventilation. Further, the glazed chamber serves to dry the gaseous medium of the ul and plays the role of a heat exchanger. Moisture vapor mixed with warm air escapes from the upper body through the entrance to the chamber, comes into contact with cold glass, condenses and falls on the glass in the form of hoarfrost. Thus, the air in the chamber will be drier than in the hive. The process of drying the gaseous medium is continuous. Part of the heat goes to heat the incoming air through the pipe into the hive. With the onset of a sunny day, the frost on the glass thaws and water flows through the glass into the grooves and through the hole 16 to the outside. Under the action of solar radiation, the device again automatically switches to the enhanced ventilation mode ul. The heat pump mode is established by the beekeeper in the early spring period in order to cause an early and, if necessary, a very early overflight of the bees. Further, after the flight, this mode is necessary to maintain in the hive a high, but optimal temperature that favors more active activity of the bee colony to increase the maximum possible and high quality brood at the minimum cost of feed. To put the device into heat pump mode, it is necessary to fully open the curtain and set the thermostat to a higher temperature at which internal heating of the ul will occur and the bees will be able to fly around, cover the tap-valve so that excessively increased ventilation of the ul will not occur, open the main lower pitch for free departure of bees. The device operates in heat pump mode as follows. Under the action of solar radiation, the air in the chamber is heated to the temperature at which the thermal valve is installed. Since in the early spring period the temperature in the hive is still relatively low (except for the center of the club), the warmer air from the chamber rushes through the upper notch into the hive and fills first the upper part of the ul, displaces the colder air from the bottom to the ul and . The temperature pressure generated by the chamber is balanced only when the entire volume of the ul is heated from inside to the equilibrium temperature in the chamber and in the hive at the level of the upper entrance. As a result of internal heating, the entire volume of the ul becomes available for the active work of the bees, they unite to fly around, all the inside of the hives are facilitated. At night and sunless time, the device from the heat pump mode automatically switches to the slow breathing mode of the ul, retaining the heat accumulated in the hive during the solar time. With the onset of a sunny day, the device again goes into heat pump mode. The use of the present, its devices in beekeeping will allow beekeeping enterprises and individual beekeepers to more widely introduce into production the most progressive winter content of bees in the wild. Keeping bees free in the winter requires less labor and material costs. There is no need for winter houses, it is possible to expand the apiary indefinitely only in accordance with the presence of a nectariferous base. Optimization of the microclimate in the hive in the autumn-winter period with the help of the proposed device will not only allow to achieve a greater number of safely hibernating bee colonies, but also make a qualitative change in the lives of these families. Bees are more rational using svbi feed stocks, less prone to such diseases as diarrhea (nosematosis). The smaller their scree, by the spring the families are kept stronger. In the early spring period, using the proposed device, it is possible to call the bees to an early one, and if necessary, even to a very early flight and after the flight, to maintain a high temperature in the hive, which greatly facilitates the work of the bees during this period. Bee families more intensively increase their mass, grow healthy and high-quality. Fruit; families are able to work more productively in early spring harvesting and even produce honey and other products. The device allows to regulate quantitatively and qualitatively the processes of gas exchange and heat exchange with the external environment, and it can also be applied to the beats of all systems, for which they must be adapted, i.e., 25 circular diameters should be made on the front wall at a distance of from a friend 250 mm. Claims 1. A hive attachment containing a heating chamber, in the upper part of which a normally closed thermal valve is located, characterized in that, in order to improve ventilation conditions and temperature control in the hive in winter, the upper part of the chamber has a channel for connection to the upper entrance door an ul, an exhaust tube is installed inside the chamber, with its lower part penetrating the wall and provided with means for connecting to the lower notch of the ul and with the upper part communicating with the atmosphere and made of heat-conducting material, while in the lower part of the chamber there is an opening for access of fresh air. 2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower end of the exhaust pipe, at its articulation with the lower tap, contains a plug-tap. / one 1. figure 1 U /// 7 /////////////////////////// / 1 I / Yu W 3. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the transparent wall of the heating chamber is provided with a movable shutter. Information sources, taken into account in the examination 1.Patent of France No. 2329197, cl. A 01 K 47/00, published. 1977. 2. US patent number 2574768, cl. 6-1, publ. 1951. Fah eleven (pus4