DK146268B - ROOM VENTILATION CHANNEL WITH THERMAL EQUIPMENT AND A THERMOSTAT CONTROLLED VALVE - Google Patents

Description

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φ „2) SUBMISSION WRITING or 146268 B

DIRECTORATE OF THE PATENT AND TRADEMARKET SYSTEM

(21) Patent Application No .: 2295/76 (51) Int.CI.3: F 24 F 7/04 (22) Filing Date: May 25, 1976 (41) Aim. available: 27 Nov 1976 (44) Submitted: 15 Aug 1983 (86) International Application No: - (30) Priority: 26 May 1975 SE 7505932 (71) Applicant: * TEKNOTERM SYSTEMS AB; S-211 20 Malmö, SE.

(72) Inventor: Olov Ragnar Lennart 'Eriksson; SEE.

(74) Plenipotentiary: Chas. Hude_ (54) Room ventilation duct with thermal buoyancy and a thermostatically controlled valve

The invention relates to a room ventilation duct for exhaust air driven through the duct by a thermal buoy and with a valve φ controlled by a temperature sensing body.

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(OI apartments and other rooms, there is a not insignificant self-circulation by the fact that outside air draws in, especially by windows and doors, and the air exits by self-extraction in room ventilation ducts, usually O from the kitchen, WC and bathroom. A very large part of existing homes, including virtually all villas, have such self-propelled systems.

When the outside temperature is low, and especially if it is blowing, the self-extraction becomes strong and the heat losses thereby large, if the room ventilation ducts are not provided with valve means which counteract this unnecessary and uneconomical self-extraction from the ventilation point of view. It is admittedly possible to limit self-sufficiency in winter by manually and incrementally or completely closing off any existing valves in the individual living rooms. However, this way is impractical and too gross. It results in either excessive or too little ventilation. The valve control cannot become economically effective if it is not continuously adapted to the daily variations in the climate.

It is known to place a temperature sensing means with a sensing body in a ventilation duct which gradually closes or opens a valve so that the amount of venting is regulated to some extent by the change of dimensions or shape change in the temperature variations of the ambient air. It is also known that the temperature sensing means can be placed at the outlet of the ventilation duct so that the external air temperature becomes a factor affecting the dimensions or shape and ability of the sensing body to close a valve in the outlet.

However, it has been found that these known venting means do not provide a truly energy-saving ventilation in the self-extraction system. At low outside temperature and blown air circulation becomes much more powerful than at low temperature without blown. The ventilation losses in self-contained ventilated houses during the colder part of the year, i.e. in the heating season, constitutes approx. 1/3 of the total heat loss.

It is therefore particularly desirable to be able to reduce the amount of venting to the same extent as the blow increases. The known temperature sensors in ventilation systems are temperature sensitive, but do not simultaneously detect changes in velocity of the outside air.

Therefore, on a cold day with strong winds, the ventilation losses become unreasonably large in a conventional self-extraction system, although known temperature-sensing and valve-closing means are used in the vent channel outlet.

It is also particularly desirable to be able to limit the ventilation in cold weather, because otherwise the humidity inside doors assumes low health values. The current well-known low humidity in apartments during the heating season is seen by many as troublesome.

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The abnormally large air circulation with cold air contributes greatly to this. After warming to room temperature, the original cold air gets an undesirably low relative humidity. The greater the air circulation allowed in cool weather, the drier air is obtained in the house.

A third climate factor of significance besides the outside temperature and wind force is the intensity of the radiation. Eg. In the case of strong solar radiation, the internal temperature is increased despite a low external temperature. It would then be appropriate if the amount of venting per time unit was increased. With a sensing member at the venting outlet of a known type, which mainly only senses the cold outer air, the self-extraction restriction is not sufficiently reduced with correspondingly high indoor temperature and poor ventilation as a result.

A correspondingly enhanced drowsiness and reduced ventilation by strong heat radiation, so-called cold radiation, e.g. in a cold winter night, is likewise desirable.

Apparatus which is capable of automatically and in terms of volume keeping the aeration rate constant per hour, respectively. unit of time is conceivable. However, a well-functioning and simple apparatus for this, particularly suitable for the large number of existing houses with self-extracting ventilation, has not been proposed so far. The introduction of e.g. expensive mechanical ventilation, possibly in combination with a heat recovery unit, requires space for this and a well-sealed housing. The air movements, which the mechanical ventilation necessarily provides, greatly increase the risk of severe leakage and heat losses.

If ventilation losses could be better limited, especially when it is coldest, significant gains in construction and energy costs would be possible. It is known that the plant and energy generating units in a house must be dimensioned for a few special heat-intensive days per day. year. By radically limiting the particularly large ventilation losses, both the plant and energy generating units could be dimensioned less. This would result in lower construction costs for both the individual and the community.

The object of the invention is to provide a ventilation duct with simple means which, depending on the temperature of the outside air, the wind force and possibly heat or cold radiation, automatically limits the air circulation in a house with self-extraction system to an economically and physiologically reasonable level irrespective of variations in these parameters. .

This is achieved by the room ventilation duct according to the invention, which is characterized in that the sensing body is placed in open air in such a way that it can be influenced by wind and temperature in the open air, that the outlet duct has openings for dissipating part of the heat. outlet air for contact with the sensing body, and the valve is controlled so that it is actuated for closure as the temperature of the sensing body decreases and for opening as the temperature rises.

The derived part of the hot air and wind and the temperature of the outside air thus affect the sensing body simultaneously, but to varying degrees depending on the wind force and the temperature and velocity of the exhaust air. In the case of strong winds, the temperature effect of the wind dominates the sensing body and in the case of weak winds the effect of the hot exhaust air. In the case of strong cold winds, the valve is closed more than at low winds with the same temperature, in the first case the partial flow of hot exhaust air is not allowed to heat the sensing body as much as it is able to do in the second case. The result is that the heat output of the hot exhaust air on the sensor body decreases with increasing wind strength and increases with decreasing wind strength, and that the valve is gradually closed by increasing wind strength and gradually opened by decreasing wind pressure, and gradually closed by decreasing exhaust air and / or external temperature and gradually opens with increasing exhaust air and / or outside temperature.

According to the invention, the sensing body may be arranged as defined in the characterizing part of claim 2. This provides a robust and safe operating control mechanism for the valve.

In the design of the sensor body as defined in claim 3, a sensor is obtained which can cause, at temperature variations, a strong axial movement of e.g. a valve stem, whereby the sensor is useful in a housing coaxially arranged with the space ventilation duct for controlling a valve body at the outlet end of the duct.

Furthermore, the sensing body according to the invention can be designed as described in the characterizing part of claim 4. Such a sensor can affect a valve body with great force.

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In the embodiment of the room ventilation duct according to the invention as claimed in claim 5, it is possible to achieve very accurate control of the ventilation of the room, not only depending on temperature and wind conditions, but also on the radiation conditions.

In the following, the invention is explained with reference to the drawing, in which 1 schematically shows the operation of an exhaust air restricting room ventilation duct according to the invention; FIG. 2 is a section through a particularly preferred embodiment of a room ventilation duct according to the invention, including a temperature sensing body in the form of a double helical bimetal strip in a housing arranged on a closing roof element at the outlet end of the housing; FIG. 3 is a section along line III-III of FIG. 2nd

FIG. 1 shows a self-extracting system for a room ventilation duct according to the invention arranged in the outlet duct 1 of the system, the outlet end of which is indicated by 2 and in which a valve 3 is arranged near the outlet.

A temperature sensing body 5 is arranged on the outside of the channel 1 outside the valve 3 and thus at or near the outlet end 2. The sensing body 5 is arranged to actuate the valve through a shaft 4 connected to the valve by rotational movement or possibly shear movement depending on temperature variations affecting the valve body 5. The valve is thus adjustable in the channel 1 for regulating the flow of air into the open air. Thus, the sensing body 5 must be arranged to actuate the valve for reducing the flow area of the channel 1 in the event of a temperature drop and vice versa.

The exhaust air 7 flows against the valve 3 in the duct 1, but before the damper 3, however, through one or more openings 6, one or more sub-streams 7a are discharged from the outlet air's main stream 7 to affect the sensing body 5. The outlet stream 8 is left out of the main stream 7. free at the outlet end 2. The wind factor is symbolized by the arrow 9. The stronger it blows, the faster the discharge current 8 departs as a stream 11 in the direction of the wind. If it blows, the hot sub-currents 7a are also affected. Thus, the sensing body 5 is exposed to both weather and wind and to the subcurrent 7a.

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The more powerful it blows, the less possibility the sub-currents 7a have for heating the sensing body 5. The sub-currents (or currents) do not reach the sensing body to the same extent as with the wind, but mix with wind effect with the outside air and deviate more or less with subsequent less influence on the sensing body as a result. The arrow 10 symbolizes part of the outflowing sub-stream. This means that the stronger it blows in cold weather, the colder the sensing body 5 becomes and the more the sensing body 5 (via the shaft 4) rotates or displaces the valve 3, so that the valve 3 is switched to such a position as to allow the exhaust air to emerge. through the outlet channel 1 is restricted. The tendency to increase the exhaust air flow 7,8,11 with increasing wind speed in cold weather and consequent poor heat economy of the room ventilation duct is thus automatically corrected or reduced by the device according to the invention.

In a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the sensing body 5 is a temperature sensitive bimetallic belt formed into a single helical line. The bimetal belt is located at the outer wall of the outlet channel 1 and is exposed to weather and wind. This one end is attached to the wall of the duct and the other end is attached to a pivotally mounted shaft 4, by means of which a pivot valve in the duct can be operated depending on the bimetal belt rotation due to external air 9 influences and the exhaust air partial flow 7a which extends through openings 6 in the channel near the bimetal band.

FIG. 2 and 3 show a particularly preferred embodiment of a device according to the invention which is influenced by heat and cold radiation. This device has a temperature sensing body 5 having the shape of a double helix. It consists of a bimetal band which is first formed into a single small diameter helix, which is then formed into a single larger diameter helix, hence the term double helix for the body 5 is equivalent. Turning bimetallic bands into such double helical bodies is known per se.1 Depending on how you win the double helix, it will be extended or shortened by heating. The FIG. 2 alternatively operates according to the latter alternatively, which means that, upon cooling, the double body 5 displaces valve 3 in the downward direction in FIG. 2, whereby the valve in fully closed position abuts a sealing edge 15.

. When using a double body twisted in the opposite direction, the sealing edge 15 must be placed over the valve 3 so that the valve approaches the sealing edge upon closing.

The sealing edge 15 may, if desired, be slidable so that it can be adjusted to such a position that even with fully closed valve some ventilation is obtained through the duct, or can be arranged in another way to provide this result. However, in severe cold or heavy cold winds, the ventilation in normally sealed dwelling houses is sufficient through existing leaks, and in such conditions the valve 3 may be completely closed.

The double body is arranged in a housing 16 provided with a plurality of ventilation openings 16a at the outlet end of the channel 1 and is fixed at its upper end in the roof 16 'of the housing 16 and is connected to the valve 3 by a lower L-shaped end portion forming a movement transmitting means 4. The dual body thus forms both the temperature sensitive body 5 and the maneuvering means 4 of the valve. At the point of attachment between the valve 3 and the end portion 4 of the body 5, a guide sleeve 6a provided with slots or openings 6 can be attached to the valve, which can slide in a guide or hole iL.3 in a disc 12. This disc 12 is arranged as a roof over the outlet of the channel 1 and is attached to the channel and forms a carrier for the housing 16 in which the bimetal body 5 is arranged.

Warm exhaust air flows toward the outlet end of the outlet duct 1. The amount of the exhaust air 7 is determined by the gap opening between the valve 3 and the sealing edge 15. A part of the hot exhaust air 7 is discharged in the form of partial flows 7a through the openings 6a of the control bushing 6; 3, and up into the housing 16, thereby providing a heat supplement which, together with the present external air, imparts a certain temperature and a dependent extension of the bimetal body 5 and its length and determined position of the valve 3 connected to the sensing body 5 with respect to the sealing edge 15.

A certain temperature state in the housing 16 results in a particular gap opening between the valve 3 and the sealing edge 15. Most of the exhaust air flow 7 exits as outlet flows 8 through this gap opening and further through main valve openings 17 distributed around the outlet end of the duct 1. 16's ventilation openings 16a.

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With the wind influence and with the wind 9's successive increase from 0, successively changed flow conditions, which are exemplified below by three events designated A, B and C, each give an increased and increased cooling of the bimetal element 5 with consequent diminished venting flow.

A. The more the wind increases from 0, the less opportunity the discharge sub-streams 7a will give their heat supplement to the bimetal element 5, since they already and earlier depart as sub-streams 10 in the direction of the wind 9.

B. In addition, at a certain greater wind force, some external influx. air subflows 9a through the main ventilation openings 17 and mixes with the exhaust air subflows 7a, whereupon these flows, wholly or partly dependent on the wind force, pass up through the housing 16 in the same way as previously the subflows 7a alone, to affect the bimetal element 5. At the colder outer airflows 9a * s interference in this way, the heat effect becomes even lower against the bimetal element 5 with decreasing discharge current as a result compared to the wind noise and case A above.

C. At higher winds, most of the hot sub-currents 7a disappear at an earlier stage. In the case of very strong wind, no hot sub-currents 7a reach the bimetal element 5, but are blown back in the direction of the wind 9 and directly into the free as the current 11. The result is that the bimetal element 5 cools the more strongly it blows with successive diminished discharge current as a result. .

The third climbing factor, the radiation, affects the device according to the invention as follows.

The radiation effect can be considered as a reinforcement effect superimposed on previous therapeutic and wind effects. The radiation symbolized by the arrows 18 is directed to the roof 12 and the housing 16 by sunbeam influence, respectively from the roof by "cold radiation effect", by which is meant heat radiation from the roof, especially towards e.g. dark • sky. The roof 12 over the duct 1 and the housing 16 are of such material and / or surface treatment that it is highly radiation absorbing, highly radiation emitting, respectively.

By solar irradiation 18 against the radiation absorbing roof 12, the sub-streams 7a and possibly the outer air sub-streams 9a receive a heat supplement upon their passage under the slightly inclined roof 12 on its way up into the housing 16. This therefore implies a greater heat influence on the bimetal element 5, with increasing discharge current as a result. Also, as the housing 16 is radiation absorbing, this results in an additional heating of the bimetal element 5 directly and as a function of the intensity of the solar radiation. That the exhaust air volume, per Thus, time unit increases with solar radiation intensity 18 are desirable from the ventilation point of view and can be allowed even at relatively low outside temperatures, since otherwise the room temperature may become undesirably high as a result of the building absorbing solar radiation energy directly through windows. In the walls of the building etc. absorbed and accumulated amounts of heat, which later, during non-solar intensive hours, provide desirable heat supplementation are not affected by the embodiment of the invention with the bimetal element in the form of a double helix. After a clear, sunny day, a clear, cool night of intense "cold radiation" with a correspondingly strong cooling of the double helix line is not infrequently followed by the roof 12 and the housing 16 being highly radiation emitting.

Possibly, and for various reasons, overtemperature in the building has resulted in increased exhaust air flow and temperature as well as higher temperature of partial flows 7a, which thus manages to heat the double helix 5 more to a greater extent, with desirable increased ventilation as a result.

According to a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, the sensor 5 consists of a stack of disc-shaped bimetallic elements (not shown), which in axial direction receive strong length variations at rather insignificant temperature variations and are arranged to maneuver a damper or corresponding valve in the duct. 1 according to the same principle described with reference to FIG. 2 and 3 ·

Some additional technical effects and alternative embodiments are described herein.

Careful sealing of such usual heat leakage paths in the building

Claims (1)

146 146 146268 occurring at windows and doors are not sufficient to prevent heat loss in features. If the most common heat leakage paths are sealed, the draft can be increased through other leakage paths. A well-sealed building equipped with a self-contained ventilation device and with an automatically operating room ventilation duct according to the invention should give an optimal economic result by controlling all important factors such as the indoor temperature, the outside temperature, the wind speed and the radiation conditions. the device according to the invention is inexpensive and can be introduced into a conventional venting system at no great cost. The invention can also be used in known mechanical ventilation systems which are arranged for intermittent operation in order to avoid unnecessary heat losses. Mechanical ventilation can then only be operated during periods of particularly high ventilation requirements. During the intermediate self-printing period, the device according to the invention may also be used in such a plant. During the forced ventilation periods when the mechanical system blower is running, the strong air flow will cause the room ventilation duct according to the invention to go towards full open position. Thus, the room ventilation duct according to the invention automatically adapts to the operation of the mechanical system blower and opens the ventilation duct thereafter, ie. during rest periods for the fans, to regulate the ventilation duct in the manner described. Claims. 1. A room air duct for exhaust air (7) driven through the duct by a thermal buoy and with a valve (3) controlled by a temperature sensing body (5), characterized in that the sensing body (5) is arranged in free air in such a way that it can be influenced by wind and temperature in the free air that the outlet duct (1) has apertures (6) for discharging a portion (7a) of the hot exhaust air (7) for contact with the sensing body ( 5) and that the valve (3) is controlled so that it is actuated for closure as the temperature of the sensing body drops and for opening as the temperature rises.