SU1683564A1 - Method for management of grape bush - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to viticulture, and can be used in the agricultural technology of cultivation of uncovered vineyards. The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity of a grape bush while reducing labor costs for its maintenance. The bush is formed as a high perennial bush, on top of which perennial shortened arcuate sleeves radially diverted, directed downwards. At the end of the sleeves form fruit links. The shortened sleeves are formed from the lower segments of the first, second, and third order stepchildren, successively passing from one to another, by performing green cutting operations for translation. When implementing the method, the productivity of the grapevine rises by 20-60 g / ha. At the same time, labor productivity increases by 0.2-0.5 centners / person per day, while the labor costs of caring for bushes are reduced by an average of 5 people per day (without harvest). 1 tab., 4 Il. (L

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to viticulture, and can be used in the agricultural technology of cultivation of uncovered vineyards.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity of a grape bush while reducing labor costs for its maintenance.

FIG. 1 shows the formation of a grape bush in the 2nd year after planting; in fig. 2 - the same, on the 3rd year after landing; in fig. 3 - the same / for the 4th year after landing; in fig. 4 - the same, in the 5th year after landing.

Example. Planting vineyards in a new way is advisable to produce under the scheme 2.5-3 x 0.30-0.50-0.75-1.0 m.

In the second year after planting, a temporary individual support (stake) is established for each bush, for example, from wood,

metal, plastics, etc. height above ground to the level of the received trunk. Pruning the bush is made on two eyes.

After the development of the shoots on the bush (Fig. 1), one shoot 1 is left, which, as it grows, is tied to the individual support 2 several times during the growing season. After dB-shoveling by the shoot 1 of the upper end of the support 2, it is pinched to form step-wise shoots of the first order. When they are reached by stepson shoots 3 of length 10-15 cm, they are removed, with the exception of the two upper ones. Upper stepson shoots 3 are clamped to form second steps shoots 4 in order. After reaching the second order with the stepson shoots 4 of the second order, 10-15 cm in length, one of them, facing down, is clamped to form the stepson shoots 5 of the third PO.

with

SA SL Och

N

pk. Thus, third-order walking shoots 5 are developed in the lower part of second-shot walking shoots 4, and, as a rule, they are all turned down. At the same time, the left lower parts of the steppe shoots 3 and 4, respectively, of the first and second order, due to the flexibility and weight of the developing stepson shoots 5 of the third order, are also bent down, occupying a passive position (hang down end). In the third vegetation (FIG. 2), the lower side shoots 5 of the third order, facing down, are cut into 2-3 peepholes (and, with good development, into a fruit link), from which they form radially located perennial sleeves 6 in the form of an umbrella. In the spring, on the shtamba 7 and the trimming of the stepson shoots 3 and 4, respectively, of the first and second order after the development of the eyes, all shoots are removed. With a good development of the bush in the third growing season, the load is set within 8-12 shoots, and with a weak bush 4-6 shoots,

In the fourth, growing season (Fig. 3), on each perennial sleeve 6 facing down, a fruit link 8 is formed. Pruning of the shoots is done with 2-3 eyes. If necessary, on the bushes, you can increase the number of sleeves 6 and fruit links 8. This year complete the formation of bushes. In subsequent years, all operations for the care of the bushes are repeated.

At the beginning of the fifth growing season, with good development of the skeletal parts of the bush in the vineyards, the temporary individual support 2 (Fig. 4) is removed, which is used in other areas during the formation of the bushes. With the weak development of the grape bush, support 2 is left for another year. Beginning with the fourth growing season, manual pruning of bushes in the vineyard is preceded by mechanized template pruning. Harvesting technical varieties is produced by vibration-type wine harvesting machines. Tests have shown that giving a passive position to the organs of growth and fruiting of plants sharply reduces the harmful manifestation of polarity and the energy of the growth of shoots. The uniform arrangement of the shoots on the bushes contributes to a significant improvement in the phytometric characteristics of the crown of the bushes. So, the average illumination of bushes in

June-August under the conditions of the experiment (the city of Novocherkassk) amounted to 42.4 thousand lux, compared to 30.6 thousand lux in control. This leads to an increase in the fruitfulness of the ocelli in the lower part of the shoot, which allows

a short pruning of the vines by 1–3 peepholes, as well as to an even distribution of the shoots and leaf apparatus in space, as a result, the productivity of photosynthesis and the yield of plantings increase,

it is possible to maintain the structure of the bushes in the given parameters. The proposed method allows the use of mechanized pruning of bushes, soil tillage,

harvesting, i.e. to solve the problems of the complex mechanization of the cultivation of grapes. In table varieties, the share of manual operations remains partially sanitary cutting of bushes and harvest.

The table shows the results of the comparison of the effectiveness of the new and known methods.

The data in the table indicate an increase in productivity

bush during the implementation of the proposed method while reducing labor costs for the care of the formed vine bushes.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula The method of managing a grape bush by forming its perennial skeletal part in the form of a vertical stem with divergent fan sleeves at its top, at the ends of which are placed fruit links, characterized in that, in order to increase the productivity of the grape bush while reducing labor costs for its maintenance, they are formed on a high shtambe by shortened, arcuate, facing the end downwards, and they are formed from the lower segments of the first-runner shoots of the first, second and third steps; one another, by performing trimming operations on the green transfer. 1  . B h, 9ig.2