SU1397000A1 - Method of growing plantations of medium and tall fruit crops - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to fruit growing. The purpose of the invention is to increase yield and reduce costs. The design of plantings is created by planting seedlings with a spacing of 2-2.3 m and forming a single horizontal stem in the year of planting. In the second, year, the formed shoots are continuously mowed twice: in the spring at the beginning of the growing season at a height of 1-3 cm from the stem level and during the growing season when the shoots reach a length of 30-35 cm at a height of 20-25 cm from the stem level. The care is carried out by the mowing of every third row suitable for three years after the first mass fruiting, with a successive alternation of rows by years, repeating each mowing cycle four years later. This design can also be applied to varieties bearing fruit on two- and three-year-old wood. I zp f-ly, I Il., 4 tab. W (L

Description

with

with

Ltd

The invention relates to fruit growing, in particular, to methods of planting medium- and high-growth fruit crops for mechanized pruning and harvesting.

The purpose of the invention is to increase yield and reduce costs.

Figure 1 shows the formation.

Tf p and m e r. Annual saplings of the Blon varieties Tolden Delipes and Jonathan, grafted on the rootstock MMlOf, are planted according to the scheme 2, 0 m at an angle of 35 in the direction of the row. They are bent to a horizontal position, with a cloud connecting the top of each tree with the base of an adjacent one. Scheme

single horizontal Barrel in lane JQ landing determined taking into account 25

thirty

vy year landing; figure 2 - a single horizontal trunk after mowing in the spring of the second year; on FIG. 3 - the same, after repeated mowing in the summer of the second year; FIG. 4 shows a continuous mowing after the first large fruiting of the first and fourth rows of trees in the fifth year after planting; on fig.Z. - continuous mowing of the second and second series in the sixth 20 year; 6 - the same, the third and sixth rows in the seventh year; 7 - the eighth year after landing. mowing is not carried out; on Fig - repetition of the cycle of trimming.

The method is carried out as follows. Planting of seedlings is carried out according to a scheme of 2.0x1.0 m at an angle of 30-40 ° in the direction of a row, bent to a horizontal position, and the top of each tree is joined to the base of an adjacent one. As a result, a single horizontal trunk is obtained within 10 m (figure 1). In the second year, shoots grew on the horizontal trunk at a height of 1-3 cm from the level of the stem (figure 2). In the same year, when shoots reach a length of 30-35 cm, they are mown a second time at a height of 20-25 cm from the level of the horizontal trunk (fig. 3).

After the first fruit bearing, branches are cut at a height of cm from the level of the horizontal trunk of only the first, fourth, etc. rads (fig, 4). B next year, mowing branches from the horizontal trunk of the second; pogo, p that, etc. Row (figure 5). After the third fruit bearing, branches are cut from the horizontal trunk of the third, sixth, etc. Row (6). The following year, the cutting of branches from a horizontal trunk is not carried out (Fig.7). Subsequently, the trimming cycle is repeated with mowing once every four years of branches from the horizontal trunk of every third row (LI).

35

40

45

50

55

bones using high-clearance garden care equipment and mutual shading of adjacent rows.

In the second year after planting, the spring pruning of shoots grown on a horizontal trunk at a height of 0.5; one; 2; 3; 4 cm from the level of the trunk. A comparative analysis of the pruning of shoots at different heights from the level of the horizontal stem shows that by shortening the shoots by 1-3 cm, a more rational crown structure is created, which provides a higher yield (Table 1),

In the same year, when the shoots reach a length of 30-35 cm, they are mown on all rows at a height of 10; 20; 25; 30 cm from the level of the horizontal stem. A comparative analysis of cutting trees at this time at different heights from the level of the horizontal trunk shows that shortening shoots by 20–25 cm makes it possible to obtain more rational crown structures, which ultimately allows us to obtain higher yields (Table 2).

In the third and fourth years after planting, pruning was not carried out. Beginning from the fifth year after the planting, pruning of the branches from a horizontal trunk at a height of 30; 3 .; 40; 45; 50 cm from the level of the trunk. A comparative analysis of cutting trees at different heights from the level of a horizontal trunk shows that when mowing, branches that drove at a height of 35-45 cm from the level of the trunk in subsequent years, these rows give higher yields (Table 3).

In the fifth year after planting, only the first, fourth, and so on bevelled. to hell In the spring, in the sixth year after planting, branches are thrown off the seed-bearing plants, also at a height of 35-45 cm from the level of the horizontal trunk, but already the second, fifth, etc. Row In the spring of the seventh year after planting mow

five

0

50

five

0

five

0

five

bones using high-clearance garden care equipment and mutual shading of adjacent rows.

In the second year after planting in the spring, pruning of shoots grown on a horizontal trunk at a height of 0.5; one; 2; 3; 4 cm from the level of the trunk. A comparative analysis of the pruning of shoots at different heights from the level of the horizontal stem shows that by shortening the shoots by 1-3 cm, a more rational crown structure is created, which provides a higher yield (Table 1),

In the same year, when the shoots reach a length of 30-35 cm, they are mowed in all rows at a height of 10; 20; 25; 30 cm from the level of the horizontal stem. A comparative analysis of pruning trees at this time at different heights from the level of the horizontal trunk shows that shortening the shoots by 20-25 cm makes it possible to obtain a more rational structure of the crown, which ultimately results in higher yields (Table 2).

In the third and fourth years after planting, pruning was not carried out. Beginning from the fifth year after the planting, pruning of the branches from the horizontal trunk was made at a height of 30; 3 .; 40; 45; 50 cm from the level of the trunk. Comparative ana LIZ pruning of trees at different heights from the level of a horizontal trunk shows that when mowing the branch branches at a height of 35-45 cm from the level of the trunk in subsequent years, these rows give higher yields (Table 3).

In the fifth year after planting, only the first, fourth, etc. are mowed. to hell In the spring of the sixth year after planting, the branches that spawn off are also mowed at a height of 35-45 cm from the level of the horizontal trunk, but already the second, fifth, etc. Row In the spring of the seventh year after planting mow

branches spawning from the remaining rows of the third, sixth, etc. also at a height of 35-45 cm from the level of the trunk. In the eighth year, the mowing of the rows

not conducted; further cycle bleed

ki is repeated with mowing once every four years from the horizontal trunk of every third row.

As a control, the trees of the varieties Alden Deligaes and Tonsonathan Vstrashivot by a known method. A comparative analysis (Table 4) shows that the yield in the stands on the proposed planting method is higher than on the known method. Higher yields are due to the annual fruit bearing of trees, because in some rows of trees they grow, in others: fruit. The four-year pruning cycle is based on the biology of fruit bearing trees and produces 2-3 harvests. Moreover, there is no need to use retardants to induce fruiting on a one-year increase. The proposed con-struction can be applied not only for varieties with the axillary type of fruit bearing, but also for the varieties, the fructiferous - 11CHX on two- and three-year wood. .

The capital cost of laying a garden is reduced, as it decreases

Jonathan

The number of seedlings doubled. Costs for costing are also halved.

as it is produced: it is introduced once every four years,

Claims (1)

1. The method of growing stands of medium-sized and vigorous fruit crops, including the creation of a construction, nasacdeiit and aftertreatment, characterized in that, in order to increase yields and reduce costs, the design is created by planting seedlings with 2-2.3 m spacing and shaping a single horizontal trunk in the year of planting, and in the second year the shoots formed were continuously mowed twice: in the spring at the beginning of the growing season at a height of 1-3 cm from the level of the trunk and during the growing season when the shoots reach a length of 30-35 cm e 20-25 cm from stem level. 2, Method non.l, which is different from the fact that the care is carried out by annually for three years after the first mass fructification of the mowing of every third row with the successive alternation of rows by years, repeat each mowing cycle after four of the year. Table 1 Proposed Famous Suggested Famous table 2 Table 3 Table A Y /////  //// ///////// //////// 7 7 //// ////////////////////////// //// //// //// /////// 1 7 // /// /// //////////// / 7 / /////// 7/77 / /// 7 // ////////// //   I 11 I I I I j ////// /// ////////// /// /// // //// /// /// // // // // // / // // ////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////// FIG. V ////// /// ////////////////// / ////////////// FIG. five / 7 ////////////// /// ////////////////////// Fi & .6  //// ///// 2 III II i and I I i i i i Fig.Z rtj H W w ///////////////////////////////// /////// 1 /////////// У /////////////////////////// // // // Fig.8 Editor N. Yatsola Compiled by N. Karsunkina Tehred L.Oleynik Proofreader M.Maksimishinets Order 2277/2 Circulation 661 VNII1Sh State Committee of the USSR for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5 t Subscription