SU1036297A1 - Method of producing horizontal cuttings of clonal stocks - Google Patents

Description

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The invention relates to agriculture and can be used by household workers in the production of fruit tree seedlings.

A known method of obtaining vertical otvodki in the intensive mother of the two-year period of cultivation, including planting annual plants of clonal rootstocks between 80-100 cm between and growing in a range of 15-20 cm, pruning them 2-3 cm above the soil surface after planting and in the spring of the second year by 2-3 buds, earthing up of the grown shoots during the summer of the second vegetation, full digging of plants and separation of the layers 1.

The disadvantage of this method is the low quality of cuttings.

There is also known a method for obtaining horizontal rations of clonal rootstocks from a perennial queen cell, including planting annual plants with a spacing of 1.0–1.5 m and a distance of 0.6–1.0 m in a row, cutting them to 2–4 cm. above the soil surface after planting and at the beginning of the growing season of the second year by 1-2 buds, bending the well-developed annual branches to the horizontal position and fixing them with spikes to the soil at the end of the second growing season or at the beginning of the third and pruning the unpaved branches, hilling the shoots that grew on horizontally laid branches x, digging and separation from the uterine cavity and from each other accelerated cuttings after the third growing season 2.

However, this method is laborious, as it requires the use of manual labor in the pileing of shoots and digging of cuttings and hairpins for fixing the shoots to the soil.

The purpose of the invention is to simplify the fixation of plants, accelerate the production of cuttings and increase productivity by mechanizing hilling shoots and digging up cuttings.

This goal is achieved by planting plants in a row at a distance of 4-6 times less than the length of their one-year growth, and fixing to the soil is carried out in the spring of 2 years of vegetation by passing each plant during its deflection between the bases of subsequent plants the type of creation is woven, after which at the age of two all the plants along with the root system are dug up.

An example of the method. In the spring of 1980, plants of clonal rootstocks of the Blony 54-118, 54-545 and 3-1-68 plants were planted with a spacing of 9.0 cm and a distance of 13 cm at the Krasnokutsk Experimental Station of Horticulture of the Kharkiv Region in the range of 13 cm. During the growing season 1980 Planted plants were weeded, watered and tillage was carried out between the bottom. In the spring of 1981, before the beginning of the growing season, the annual plants that grew on plants bent down along the row to the horizontal position and were fixed by passing each plant between the bases of the next ones according to the type of creation of woven lines. The bending began with the first plant in the row, which went around the base of the second plant on the left, the base of the third plant on the right, and the base of the fourth plant was again on the left. Then bent down the second plant. It goes around the base of the third plant on the left above the first one already laid on the right.

the plant, the base of the fourth is on the right (the first plant is on the left), and the base of the n is on the left. The laid second plant completely fixes the previously laid first. Then a third plant was laid, which went around the bases of the plants: the fourth — on the left, the fifth — on the right, the sixth — on the left, and fixed the folded second plant.

Thus, each successive plant along the row is braided behind the bases in front of the growing (not yet laid) plants above and on the other side of the previously laid one, and thereby reliably fixes this plant in a horizontal position along the row.

5 To fix it, it is sufficient to braid the plant being laid by the bases of three plants in front of it. In this case, there is no need to use specially made studs to fasten each laid branch separately.

0 The studs were used only in isolated cases when there were more than 30-35 cm gap between the plants, i.e. with the death of another two or more plants. After the formation of vertical shoots with a length of 18–20 cm on horizontally laid plants, mechanized hilling of uterine bushes was carried out, which was repeated three more times with intermediate one and three more times with intervals of 10–12 days. Were weeded and irrigated by sprinkling as needed. In the fall of the second year of the growing season, a digging plow, all uterine plants with the root system were dug. Cuttings were separated from each other by secateurs, sorted, their quantity and quality were recorded and dropped in storage.

The yield and rooting of horizontal and vertical layers in the intensive mother liquor of the two-year growing period, 1981 are presented in table. one.

The results of 1981 show that the rootstocks with plastic wood (54-118, 57-545, 3-1-68) rooted in the proposed method provide a yield of 200320 thousand cuttings per hectare. 5 In 1978-79 when root-bearing clonal rootstocks were used for planting, the output of horizontal layers for rootstocks 54-118, MM 106 and 57-490 was more than 300 thousand / ha, and for rootstocks 57-146 and А 2 - about 500 thousand / ha.

Labor costs for the production of otvodkov clone supply Blony 57-545 with different methods in the intensive mother liquor, the two-year period of cultivation are presented in Table. 2

The output of cuttings of 57-545 from 1 hectare was: horizontal cuttings - 269 thousand pieces, vertical cuttings - 181 thousand pieces.

The cost of production from 1 hectare: according to the method of horizontal layering

16.1 thousand rubles., According to the method of vertical layering - .. 10.9 thousand rubles.

The calculation of the economic efficiency (using the example 57-545) of the proposed method shows that when adding a single operation for bending down and fixing the plants, the output of cuttings per hectare increased by 90 thousand, i.e. with additional labor and materials costs of 510 rubles . (Table 2) was obtained from 1 ha of additional products by 5.2 thousand rubles, and income from 1 ha increased by 4.7 thousand rubles.

Table

Claims (1)

METHOD FOR OBTAINING HORIZONTAL CLOTTING OF CLONE rootstocks, including planting annual plants, folding and fixing them horizontally, hilling grown shoots, digging and separating cuttings, characterized in that, in order to simplify plant fixation, speed up getting cuttings and increase labor productivity by mechanizing shoots and digging of cuttings, plants in a row are planted at a distance of 4-6 times less than the length of their annual growth, and fixation to the soil is carried out in the spring of the second Yes vegetation by passing each plant as it flexes between the bases of the following plants by type of creation fence, then the age of two, all plants with root systems dug. QO y s m