SU812229A1 - Method of shaping trunk of woody plants - Google Patents

Description

(54) METHOD OF FORMING A REMOVING FORM OF A STEM OF WOOD PLANTS

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the formation of woody plants of fruit and forest crops. In the practice of gardening, there are methods of artificially obtaining the creeping shape of trees, using inclined and vertical planting of seedlings. Thus, there is a known method of obtaining the creeping shape of fruit trees, which includes planting annual seedlings in an inclined to the south position at an angle of 35-45 °, bending the seedling and fixing it with the help of wooden hooks in a horizontal position. In subsequent years, new shoots and trunk are also transferred to a horizontal position and fixed 1. However, this method is laborious, as it is necessary to fix the trunk and all shoots of trees for many years and a large amount of fixing material is needed: hooks, spikes, poles (4-8 thousand hooks are spent on 1 hectare of the summer garden). In addition, with this form of planting the tree, the roots are not normally located, since one part of them is deeply immersed in the soil, the other is closer to its surface and is under novii conditions of temperature and low humidity, which leads to disruption of the root system and may further cause the death of the tree. A known method for producing the creeping shape of fruit trees, which is characterized by the direct planting of a seedling. The process of forming the creeping form begins in the nursery by bending and interlacing the annual shoots with each other during the beginning of lignification of their base. In subsequent years, the trunk is kept in a down-to-earth state by pinching, and the young shoots are interlaced with each other on the same branch or with the shoots of adjacent branches. This method allows the formation of a creeping tree shape using a limited number of hooks, studs and provides the possibility of mechanized tillage under crown 2. This method, having a number of advantages, still does not preclude the use of fixing material completely: studs, hooks. In addition, when bending the tree

possible breakage of the trunk. To obtain a stable creeping shape according to this method, it is necessary for many years to pin the stem and interweave the shoots to give them a horizontal position. These methods are unacceptable for the formation of creeping tree forms of forest crops that have a superficial root system, since when they are bent, the inversion of the root system occurs.

The purpose of the invention is to accelerate the process of forming a stable creeping shape, prevent the tree trunk from breaking when bent and prevent the inversion of woody plants that have a superficial root system.

The goal is achieved by making a wedge-shaped notch with an angle of 80-95 ° between the edges of the wedge at the inclination of the tree at the height of bending of the tree trunk at the age of 3 to 10 years, leaving from the opposite side a part of the wood with 1-2 years layers and bark, and the trunk bend to the combination of cambial layers.

The formation of the creeping form is carried out on woody plants at the age of 3-10 years, since at this age the tree has a pronounced trunk 0.5-2.5 m long, with which all operations are carried out to give the creeping form. At an older age (over 10 years), the formation process becomes less successful. The angle between the edges of the wedge is chosen so as to ensure the horizontal position of the trunk, since if the notch angle is more than 95 °, then a trunk fracture is possible, and if less than 80 °, it is necessary to pin the trunk to the ground to give it a horizontal position.

The wedge-shaped notch is made to remain unaffected on the opposite side of the bark and part of the trunk with the last 1-2 year layers, thereby achieving ease of bending the trunk, preventing its fracture when bending and providing sufficient nourishment for the tree during the accretion of the trunk.

Due to the fact that the bark thickness of trees is different, it is determined before starting work. To do this, in the intended place of the bend of the tree a notch is made to the wood.

This is important to clarify the length of the arc that is laid on the ring line. The thicker the crust, the longer the arc should be, and, accordingly, the thinner the crust, the shorter the arc. This should be considered in order not to cut the wood completely to the bark.

FIG. Figure 1 shows a pattern of applying lines along which a wedge-shaped notch is made on a tree trunk; in fig. 2 - wedge-shaped notch on a tree trunk; in fig. 3 - stem creeping form.

Example 1. In the experiment, 20 spruce plants at the age of 5 years old were used, planted according to scheme 3 in a row, the distances between rows of 6 m. The artificial change of the right growth pattern to the steaming is carried out in

the period of the beginning of the growth of shoots (the end of ma - the beginning of June). To do this, on a tree trunk (Fig. 1) at a height of 10 cm from the root collar, for example, ring line 1 in a horizontal plane is chalked out. Then, on its north side opposite to the slope, an arc 2, equal to about one-fourth of the entire annular line, is laid, and from each end point of the arc 3 is drawn along one line 4 upwards at an angle of 42 ° until they intersect. In the same way

lead lines 4 down from the ring line. As a result, the upper and lower intersection points are located at an equal distance from the ring line and are in the same vertical plane. By adhering to these lines, a wedge-shaped notch 5 with an angle of 84 ° between the edges of the wedge is made with a graft knife (Fig. 2). From this side, the crust and wood of the last year layer remain unaffected from the opposite side. Immediately after cutting a section of wood, the trunk is gently bent with the bark, giving it a horizontal position so that the oblique planes formed by the cut coincide and the cambial layers are aligned (Fig. 3). Then they make a tight stitch with string, thereby fixing

0 the trunk in this position, and narrow (about 10 mm) adhesive tape tapes are wrapped around the bend of the trunk. The barrel is tilted to the south, which provides uniform illumination of the crown.

The primed part of the trunk with a crown is attached to the material at hand, such as spruce branches, from direct sun illumination. After 3-4 weeks, shading is removed. The dressing is removed next year.

Q and hereafter the tree has a stable creeping shape.

Thus, according to the proposed method, a stable creeping form of a tree is obtained in one growing season. The results of the experiment are given in table. one.

Example 2. The experiment used 12 spruce plants at the age of 8 years, planted according to scheme 4 in a row, the distance between rows of 8 m. The formation of the creeping form occurs during the beginning of the growth of shoots (end of May - beginning of June). To do this, on a tree trunk at a height of 15 cm from the root collar on the surface of the bark, for example, a ring line in the horizontal plane is applied with chalk. Further, on its north side opposite to the tumble down, an arc equal to about one third of the whole ring line is laid, and from each end point of the arc one line is directed upwards at an angle of 45 ° until they intersect. So

in the same way, lines are drawn down from the ring line. As a result, the upper and lower intersection points are located at an equal distance from the ring line and are in the same vertical plane. Holding these lines, a wedge-shaped notch with a 90 ° angle between the faces of the wedge is made with an inoculation knife. At the same time, bark and wood with the last 2-year layers remain on the opposite side. Immediately after cutting a section of wood, the trunk is gently bent with the bark, giving it a horizontal position, so that the oblique planes formed by the cut coincide and the cambial layers are aligned. Then, they are tightly tightened with a twine, thereby fixing the trunk in such a position, and make the winding narrow (about 10 mm) with tape adhesive tape of the place of the bend of the trunk. The barrel is tilted to the south, which provides uniform illumination of the crown.

The ground part of the trunk with a crown is attached to the material at hand, for example, spruce branches from direct sunlight. After three to four weeks, the shading is removed. The harness is removed next year, and in the future, the tree has a stable creeping shape. Thus, according to the proposed method, a stable, creeping tree form is obtained in one growing season. The results of the experiment are given in table. 2

From the data given in table. 1 and 2, it follows that the proposed method provides for the formation of a creeping tree shape and is characterized by a high percentage of rooting: 75-80%.

The following year, after the trees are transformed into the creeping form, a lateral shoot located near the upper bud, takes on the functions of the upper shoot and begins to form a new low-descendent crown.

In subsequent years, the growth of the tree is suppressed (growth in length in the creeping trees is 3–3.5 times smaller than in vertically growing trees of the same age and under the same environmental conditions, since the resulting bend of the trunk at an angle of 80 95 ° serves as a noticeable brake for upstream and downstream currents).

The proposed method provides a maximum crown height of 5-7 m, which facilitates access for gathering seeds, for example, from a motor vehicle platform.

Thus, the application of the proposed method allows to reduce the labor costs for procurement of selectively improved seeds and fruits and eliminate the danger to the life and health of workers engaged in harvesting.

The use of the invention accelerates the process of forming a stable creeping tree shape (the formation of a stable creeping tree shape is achieved in one growing season); prevents breakage of trees when bent; Prevents root-out woody plants with a superficial root system.

The present invention can be used in forest seed and fruit growing to obtain the creeping shape of trees, as well as in green building to create decorative forms of woody plants.

Table 1

Total trees

in experience20100

Stuck168O

Not stuck420

Table 2

Total trees in

Claims (2)

1. Achievement of Siberian Michurinsk gardeners. Compiled by Leonov I.M. Novosibirsk, 1952. 2.Mazhorov E.V. Some Issues of Fruit Plant Culture in Creeping Forms. Abstract of dissertation. L., 1963. //////////////////// ////////////// Figure 1 (rig.g ////////////////////