SU1255080A1 - Method of growing apple-tree seedling stock - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, fruit nursery, and is intended for growing maple rootstocks of bony.

The purpose of the invention is to accelerate the growth and increase the yield of standard rootstocks.

.In FIG. 1 shows the placement of a uterine plant in the soil in the first year; in fig. 2 shows the mother plant in the soil in the first year after the shoots grow; in fig. 3 shows the plant in the spring of the second year after shortening; in fig. 4 - view of growing NIN in the summer after hilling outgrown shoots; in fig. 5 shows the plant in the fall of the second year after the separation of rooted rootstocks.

The method is carried out as follows.

Before the entire winter period, the elongated cuttings are stored in the basement in a layer of wet sawdust obliquely to improve the rooting process. At 1-3 ° C and humidity of the sawdust is 70-80% in small bundles of 20-30 pcs. to prevent them breaking off, with 10-15 cm of the upper part of the branch being left. over the surface of the sawdust. By the spring, the cuttings are covered with small white roots along the entire length, except for the upper part. The cuttings prepared in this way improve survival after planting them. the soil. To lay the queen cell on such cuttings, only the upper grasses, not fully matured, are cut into a healthy, well-formed bud. As a rule, the length of the cuttings prepared for planting is not less than 1.0 m. The planting of cuttings into the mother liquor is carried out as early as possible in the spring to a constant place according to the cm scheme in the furrows prepared in advance by the cutter. At the same time, the rooted lower part of the cutting is placed obliquely to a depth of 30–40 cm, the middle part of the cutting, covered with small white cores, is laid, having previously sprinkled the soil into the furrow, horizontally to a depth of 6–10 cm, depending on the mechanical composition of the soil — than In this case, the depth should be less, and the upper non-rooted part of the cutting with 2-3 buds should be removed.

five

s

0

0 55

0

five

0

five

above the soil surface for better germination over the entire length. Cuttings are planted in rows one after the other without gaps between them. After laying the cuttings in the furrows, they are sprinkled with loose soil (Fig. 1). Thus laid the mother liquor is well watered. After some time, along the entire length of the cutting laid in the soil, as well as from the 2 buds left on the surface, shoots appear (Fig. 2). Thus, already in the first year, 19-24 well-developed shoots are formed on each uterine plant, whereas according to. The known method of growing the rootstocks of a Blon produces only a shoot from one large-scale plant. In the first vegetation, an almost continuous series of shoots is obtained, a series of which is subsequently turned into a mother bush.

In the second year in spring, all regrown shoots are cut, leaving penegs with 2–3 buds above the soil surface (Fig. 3). The cut above-ground part of the valuable dwarf forms of rootstocks can be used for growing seedlings, for carrying out the same method after rooting the cut shoots in sawdust, etc. Then, when the shoots grow from these buds per cm, the first hilling is done first, and then the hilling is repeated as the shoots grow, bringing the soil up to 20–25 cm (Fig. 4). The agrotechnical measures are carried out in accordance with the existing recommendations. In the autumn of the same year, the plants razkuchivayut and all the rooted stocks suitable for planting on a production plantation, separated from the mother plants, leaving penets 1.5-2 cm in height (Fig.-5) with 2-3 buds, which germinate next year, and the whole cycle repeats. The naked roots of the uterine plants, after separation of the rooted rootstocks, are covered for the winter with earth, and a small mound above them is 8–10 cm.

Thus, the maintenance of the mother liquor begins in the second year from planting with its high productivity — up to 500 thousand units are received from 1 ha. standard rootstocks, while by a known method of growing;

Blony rootstocks in the second year receive up to 35 thousand pieces. from 1 hectare of standard stocks. In subsequent years, the wilderness bushes grow and the output of rootstocks from them increases. The increase in productivity in such a mother liquor continues up to the age of 7–8 years, reaching a maximum of 700 thousand pieces. from 1 ha.

Example. Field experiments make a irrigated plot annually under typical conditions.

The cuttings of new breeding forms of clonal rootstocks of domestic and foreign origin, D-70-456, 57-490, 1-48-46, etc., that were hardened during the winter storage period, were used as uterine plants. The experiment was carried out in 4-fold repetition of 200 accounting plants in the variant, 50 - in repetition. As a control, these same forms of rootstocks, each containing 200 registered uterine plants in each variant, 50 plants per repetition in a common queen cell are used.

The cuttings are tied in bunches of 20-30 pieces, during the winter storage period, the entire length is laid in the basement obliquely in wet sawdust, leaving only the tops on the surface no more than 10-15 cm in length at 0-5 ° C. The greater height of the non-rooted apical tip contributes to the premature waking of the apical buds, the sprouting of the leaves and, in this case, the closure of the root formation process. By the spring, the cuttings along the entire length that was in the layer of sawdust are covered with white roots. Experience shows that the best results in one-year increment in cuttings, which during the winter storage period are kept at 1-3 ° C and the humidity of sawdust is 70-80%. Lower and higher temperatures of winter storage of cuttings gave undesirable results. At temperatures below 1 ° C, damage occurs to the plant tissue at temperatures above 3 ° C - the growing season on the cuttings surface of the upper part of the cuttings is accelerated and the root formation process is slowed down.

The planting is carried out by partially dissected cuttings 1.2–1.4 m long in spring in the furrows specially prepared by the cutter, according to the scheme 150x40 cm.

five

ABOUT

5 0 5

0 5 o

five

five

0

at the same time, the lower part of the barked cutting is positioned obliquely at a depth of 30-40 cm to cover the main root, the middle part is horizontal at a depth of 6-10 cm, depending on the mechanical composition of the soil. The upper, necrophilized part of the cutting is placed above the soil surface, preliminarily pruned into a well-spread kidney for better germination, and a cutting along the entire length. One kidney does not provide a guarantee of survival, and more than three - give weakened gains after laying. Experiments show that the planting depth of 6-10 cm is the most effective and provides the maximum germination of the kidneys. With a planting depth of 6 cm, drying and incomplete germination of buds formed on the cutting are observed. With a depth of planting of more than 10 cm, insufficient aeration of the soil is observed, with only 2-3 strong buds sprouting, and weak buds do not germinate to the surface. After laying the cuttings in the furrows, they are sprinkled with loose soil, the entire planted area is watered and the spaces between the walls are bursting. In the same year, shoots along Bcepi length begin to grow on the cuttings planted in this way. In the first place, shoots of the tops brought to the surface grow, which then contribute to the best growth of shoots from the part of the cuttings sprinkled with earth. In the first year of the growing season, 22 shoots are produced on a D57-490 stock, 24 shoots on a D-70-456 stock, and 19 shoots on a D1-48-46 stock. Split shoots leave

for winter. .

In the second year of spring, all grown up

The shoots are cut, leaving 2-3 buds above the soil surface, when shoots grow 10-15 cm, the first hilling is performed. As the plants grow, another hilling is carried out, bringing the soil to a height of 15, 20, 25, 30 cm. The results show that the most effective hilling is up to a height of 20-25 cm. A smaller or larger height of the hilling negatively affects the process of rooting the root system, which leads to a low yield of standard rootstocks. During the growing season, agrotechnical measures are carried out in accordance with

with existing generally accepted recommendations. The separation of rooted rootstocks from uterine plants is carried out in the fall of the second year, preliminary unraveling them, followed by hilling of exposed roots of uterine plants. For further germination and repetition of the cycle with an increase in the exit from the existing uterine root of the rooted rootstocks, the perennials with a height of 1.5-2 cm with 2-3 eyes from each growing shoot are left for the next year. Already in the second year after planting the mother liquor in this way, they obtain

2550806

planting stock at stock D57-490 of 66 pcs. standard layers, at D-70-456, 72 pcs. and at D 70-49, 37 pcs. standard layering. The multiplication coefficient increases with each subsequent year.

Thus, the proposed method of growing blui rootstocks provides, in comparison with the known, an increase in the yield of standard rootstocks by 14-15 times, an acceleration of the process of obtaining scarce maple rootstocks blon and a shorter growth time. shivani productivity of the mother liquor.

  .--. ..-.-

  v -: -

Fog.1 Omxfc / iTOMi / f o aioAFof Fig. 3 Offpej a fecrfoi / cjieffyfoufeeo ch "g

JO.

 : - th SHYSHYYSh

.-; - {:; iv: -; .--- VJ - ..; :: - :: -: .-- / e ".: ;; 4v ,, ..,. ,, ..

Srig4 Otrsk Junie and o / (i / vi / fcf t / efts y / jomvuSof / ue v

OfnSofff ffoamSoffftoiS oceffifO

ZGZH% -ZHZ SG ,:

.-: P -: &:: - th SHYSHYY

,, ..,. ,, ..

Editor N. Dankulich

Compiled by L. Kvardakova

Tehred L. Serdyukov | Proofreader M.Samborsk

Order 4735/1

Circulation 679 Subscription VNIIPI USSR State Committee for Inventions and Discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab. 4/5

Production and printing company, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4

Claims (2)

1. METHOD OF GROWING ROOTS OF AN APPLE, including laying the mother liquor by laying in one continuous, line of rooted mother plants. in the soil in a horizontal position with the top of the plants reaching the soil surface, caring for plants and separating rooted rootstocks from uterine plants, characterized in that, in order to accelerate the cultivation and increase the yield of standard stocks, elongated rooted during winter storage are used as uterine plants cuttings for which _t 10-15>'m of the upper part is not rooted, when planting, the cuttings are given the appearance of an I curved line, with the lower part of the rooted cuttings arranged in the soil obliquely to a depth of 30-40 mm, the middle part is placed horizontally at a depth of 6- ₍ 10 cm depending on the mechanical composition of the soil, and the upper one is unrooted, with 2-3 matured buds, they are taken out above the soil surface, in the second year in spring, all overgrown shoots are cut, leaving 2-3 buds above the soil surface, when the shoots grow by 10-15 cm first produce the first hilling, and then the second, bringing the mound of soil to 20-25 cm, and the separation of rooted rootstocks from: uterine plants is carried out in the autumn of the same year, having previously re-bored them, followed by hilling of the uterine plants. 2. The method of pop. 1, characterized in that the rooting of elongated cuttings during winter storage is carried out in a layer of wet sawdust obliquely at 1-3 ° C, leaving on the surface of sawdust the top of the handle 10-15 cm long. , SU _n , 1255080 FIG. 1 Frenzy