RU2050108C1 - Method and device for cultivation of perennial vegetatively propagating plants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves planting in bands of lines with placement of a mulching cover onto the bands. Plants are planted in the middle of spacing between plants in a neighboring line. A reserve band runs on the side where it is planned to place vegetative progeny. The territory on the other side is black fallow. As the initial plants enter the fruiting phase, new bands are started on the reserve territory with concurrent liquidation of the initial bands on the opposite side. As the bands of perennial plants are displaced, the reserve band is occupied step by step while equal area becomes vacant on the opposite side of the field. As the external border of the initial reserve band is approached, the end band is not restored, and the bands next to this band are liquidated one after another. The liquidated bands along the external border are substituted by new ones started on the other side of the field. For cultivation of strawberries, raw spacings in bands are filled with rosettes of the first order. After first fruiting next year they are liquidated together with the two-year old plants. For propagation of plants with hardwood cuttings, 2-3 cuttings are placed under every mulching band, their rooting parts are crossed in the soil, and the above-surface parts are directed different ways. The growing shoots form a green wall. For propagation with cuttings, the latter are separated from parent plants immediately on rooting, and they are replanted in bands with optimum nutritive area. Rooting takes place in the mulching material near the parent plant. Rosettes of strawberries are fixed in beds by means of stems with lateral parts being open rings for a filament. The latter ties together all stems in one bed. The mulching bands have light-proof covers on their upper surface. The covers have windows for light in the planting area. EFFECT: improved growing conditions. 9 cl, 24 dwg

Description

 The invention can be used in agriculture for growing woody perennial crops capable of natural vegetative self-renewal, both on industrial plantations, and in specialized areas of the study and preservation of the gene pool of these crops.

The following principles are the basis of the known methods for growing perennial woody vegetatively propagated plants:
throughout the period of exploitation of perennial plantings, phytocenosis is represented mainly by plants of only one crop;
rigid territorial fixation of rows, tapes of cultivated plants, the immutability of the schemes originally set when laying plantations throughout the entire period of their operation;
linear-rectangular layout of plantings of initial plants planted during planting.

 Planting material used for laying industrial plantations is grown separately, in specialized areas, using special technologies, and is a separate type of marketable product.

 The constant movement of cultivated crops in separate fields of cultural revolutions, carried out through the successive alternation of periodically reoriented perennial plantings and specially selected as predecessors for them annual crops, as well as black or occupied vapors.

 Continuous cultivation in a certain area of only one crop, or monoculture, is one of the oldest elements of plant growing practice, a consequence of the selective cultivation of plant species of interest to a person, which he distinguished from the complex variety of the plant world, multiplied, improved to meet his ever-growing needs. Monoculture greatly simplifies commodity production. The cultivation of only one crop on a large area makes it easier to obtain a large volume of the necessary products. With the same type of costs throughout the cultivated area, it is easier to concentrate the necessary efforts. Based on the knowledge of the biological characteristics of one cultivated crop, it is easier to organize production operations not only for obtaining, but also for storing and processing the products received from it.

 However, intense monoculture is possible only with widespread use of pesticides. In the natural formation of biocenoses, they are complex systems of interconnected living creatures of numerous species composition, in which interspecific and intraspecific competition for habitat is the main regulatory force. In the case of a sudden increase in the number of individuals of one type, there is an increase in the number of others, holding back a further increase in the number of the released population and, ultimately, reducing it to the initial level. The existence of large monocultural stands is unnatural. Ecological niches released as a result of unbalancing natural communities are immediately filled with a small set of insect species and microorganisms that are predominantly cultivated, including pathogens of various diseases and pests. With virtually no competitors and plant species of other species resistant to them, parasites, intensively breeding, spread unhindered throughout the plantations and, accumulating, cause great harm. It is possible to get and defend the grown products on monocultural plantings only with the help of hard chemical pressure on the environment. The creation of artificial plant communities requires their artificial maintenance.

 Monoculture has survived to the present day and occupies a dominant position in the cultivation of perennial plants. The use of mixed stands is an exception, and the joint cultivation of perennial and annual crops is not linked into a single dynamic complex, aimed not only at increasing efficiency, but also at greening production. So, when using extensive schemes of perennial plants, characterized by wide aisles, attempts were made to rationally use for a long time the empty area of aisles. For this, after laying the plantations in the aisles for some time, densifying crops were grown, both annual and perennial, in particular strawberries. They brought additional income and this was the main goal of the innovation. Aisles were used not only to obtain additional marketable products, but also for growing green manure, the vegetative mass of which was plowed into the soil in the form of green fertilizer. In this case, the income from compaction was indirect, consisting in the subsequent increase in the yield of the main, perennial crop, due to increased soil fertility in the aisles.

 However, densification of stands was carried out only in the initial period of development of perennial plants. After they reached a certain size, the seeding of annual seals was stopped, and perennial liquidated. Further intensification of production, an indispensable condition of which was the compaction of perennial plantings, entailed a change in the layout of the plants grown, a decrease in the intervals between individual plants in the rows and between the rows. As a result, there is no need for compaction. This variant of mixed stands is primitive due to time constraints and focus only on the rational use of land.

 Another simplified variant of mixed stands is the cultivation of wild strawberries using scenes alternating in a certain sequence with rows of the main crop of strips of tall plants that perform protective functions. Strawberry is a whimsical crop, characterized by increased sensitivity to sharp fluctuations in the climatic conditions of the environment, the negative impact of which is most pronounced when cultivated in large open areas. Therefore, the use of scenes, contributing to the creation of a microclimate favorable for strawberries in the cultivation zone, can significantly increase the yield of plantings.

 To create the scenes, plant species are selected that are capable of not only rapidly growing the vegetative mass and preserving it for a long time, including in the winter period, but also also in terms of compatibility with the protected crop at close proximity during cultivation. The backstage reliably protects the strawberry plants from the draining action of winds and direct sunlight, causing the plants to overheat. Promoting better snow retention in the winter, they protect plants from the effects of low temperatures and contribute to the accumulation of moisture by the beginning of the growing season.

 However, the backstage was not widespread. This is primarily due to the fact that in addition to the protective, they do not perform other functions, do not bring tangible direct or indirect income. At the same time, creating and periodically updating the wings is expensive. The presence of the wings makes it difficult to carry out agricultural activities to care for the main crop.

 Not only one strawberry, but also other berry crops, in the majority having small habitats of bushes and formed during the long evolutionary development under the natural protection of the canopy of tall forest plants, in places with high humidity and hidden from strong winds, need a protective action. Crops such as blackcurrant, even after a long selection, are not well suited for cultivation in large open spaces. The main reasons restraining the use of wings in the cultivation of other berry crops are the later introduction of these crops into fruiting and less responsiveness compared to strawberries, which delays and reduces the economic return on funds invested in the maintenance of rocker plants.

 Mixed plantings were more widely used in the cultivation of annual field crops, mainly for animal feed. Sowing is carried out with a mixture of seeds. The selection of the individual components of the mixtures is carried out on the basis of the generality of the requirements of the combined cultures to the growing conditions, ripening dates, biological and physical compatibility. So, when growing leguminous mixtures, cereals serve as a mechanical support for legumes. Mixed crops are of particular importance in risky farming areas, where their use is a reliable guarantee for stable crops. Under certain unfavorable vegetation conditions for some components of mixtures, the advantage in mixed crops is obtained by others that have greater resistance to them.

 Currently, when compiling sown mixtures, more and more attention has been paid to the biological compatibility of cultivated crops. Although the use of mixed crops is a way to significantly complicate production. One of the main problems hindering their widespread use is the difficulty in cleaning and using the resulting products. The individual components of the mixtures assembled together differ not only in quality parameters, but also in storage requirements. The separation of the components of the mixtures is technically difficult, associated with considerable costs. However, in the event of the forced abandonment of the intensive use of pesticides and an orientation toward the greening of production, this direction becomes a priority.

 When cultivating perennial vegetatively propagated crops, it is especially problematic to strictly territorially fix the initial patterns of placement of cultivated plants. This principle was chosen due to the need for maximum mechanization of agrotechnical measures to care for perennial plantings. The use of machines is possible only if there are clear linear circuits in the form of parallel rows, tapes with the space of the row spacing alienated for their passage. At the same time, long-term cultivation of plants of only one crop in one place causes a whole complex of negative consequences, known under the general name "soil fatigue".

 The unilateral impact of plants of cultivated crops on the soil in areas assigned to them for the entire period of operation of the plantings is manifested in the form of accumulation of decomposing root residues of the same chemical composition and root secretions, which leads to the predominant development of certain groups of microorganisms gravitating towards living roots and dead root residues, unbalancing soil microflora. As a result, the accumulation of phytotoxic substances and pathogens in the soil reaches such limits at which further operation of the plantation at this location becomes economically inexpedient. There is a need to re-plant the plantation on another site, distant from the original, and to carry out special measures to restore soil fertility, "weary".

 “Soil fatigue” is also manifested in an increase in weediness of plantations, in the accumulation of a large number of vegetative weeds, the species composition of which is shifting towards the most difficultly eradicated groups, primarily rhizome and root shoots. During the pre-planting preparation of the site, before laying the perennial planting on its entire area, continuous repeated cultivation of the soil is carried out to a depth of 30-40 cm.This preparation contributes to the destruction of most of the vegetative weeds, reduces the clogging of the prepared site. However, it is very difficult to completely destroy the stock of weed seeds in the soil, just as it is impossible to exclude their introduction during the operation of the plantations. Therefore, for successful long-term cultivation of perennial plants in one place, it is necessary to provide for a set of special protection measures against hard-to-eradicate weeds throughout the entire cultivation period.

 In the case of rigid territorial fixation of the rows of source plants in a significant part of the area directly adjacent to the plants in areas on both sides of the rows, the implementation of effective continuous mechanized tillage becomes impossible. The protection zone of the rows can only be weeded manually. Even the use of mulch coatings, which reliably protect the planted plants for the period of starting development, cannot prevent the gradual accumulation of hardly eradicated weed species in the subsequent, with stationary arrangement of rows. After the formation of a sufficient vegetative mass, closed in rows, perennial plants are able to drown out and resist many types of weeds. However, they are not able to cope with the rhizome and root shoots independently, in the absence of any displacements in space, mechanically processed row-spacings and uncultivated sections in rows. It is in the rows of perennial plants, more precisely beneath them, that the underground vegetative organs of weeds accumulate, from where they gradually spread over the entire area of plantations. Coming into the aisles, their processes forced to conduct more frequent cultivation of the soil. Due to biological characteristics, these groups of weeds are highly competitive in relation to cultivated plants.

 The location of the bulk of the underground organs at a depth not accessible to surface row-spacing treatments, the ability to store a large amount of plastic materials in them from short-term overhead shoots that have gotten into favorable conditions, makes it difficult to deal with them using conventional agricultural techniques. Even the use of herbicides does not always bring the desired effect, if at the same time at the same time not to produce continuous, multiple tillage to the depth of the entire arable layer. Accumulating directly in the rows of cultivated plants, weeds reduce their productivity and force frequent manual weeding. Strong contamination, as well as other manifestations of "fatigue" of the soil, leads to an unjustified reduction in the periods of exploitation of perennial plantations.

 To accelerate the elimination of the negative consequences of a prolonged monoculture with strict territorial fixation of plant allocation schemes, in the event of a forced re-laying of plantations again in the same place, soil fumigation is used with chemicals or hot water vapor. This operation is highly labor intensive and associated with high costs. In this case, the main effort is aimed at the complete destruction of the unbalanced biocenosis of the soil of the site, while preventing the disturbance of the natural balance of soil communities, preserving them within certain parameters acceptable for production, would be much cheaper and more environmentally friendly.

 Rigid territorial fixation of the initial plant allocation schemes leads to insufficiently efficient use of the total land area of perennial plantings invested in it. Before planting, the prepared soil throughout the designated areas has a high degree of uniformity in basic physical and chemical parameters, which is the result of special preplant planting, including uniform continuous tillage in various directions, the application of organic and mineral fertilizers, crops of scientifically based predecessors and other agricultural activity.

 However, immediately after the laying of perennial plantations, the total area of the plots is differentiated into separate parallel, alternating, dissimilar stripes. Free throughout the entire period of operation of plantings from cultivated plants, subjected to constant mechanized cultivation, soil between rows and soil in rows, constantly occupied by perennial plants, not freed from them throughout the entire period of operation, fall into unequal conditions of detention. The initial physico-chemical parameters of the soil layer in the row-spacings do not undergo significant changes, being exposed mainly to mechanical impact from the processing machinery. The soil in the rows is subjected to intense exposure from the cultivated plants. Small intervals between neighboring plants in rows, long periods of exploitation of plantings lead to the rapid and complete development of perennial plants by the roots of perennial plants of separate areas of soil and the exhaustion of their fertility. At the same time, as a result of constant mechanized cultivation, the upper fertile soil layer in the aisles is inaccessible for plants located in rows. This content of perennial plantings contributes, on the one hand, to the rapid supersaturation of perennial plants by the underground organs in the rows, which leads to its rapid “fatigue,” and, on the other hand, to alienation of the row-spacing soil from the plants grown, along with the means invested in it during continuous preplant planting .

 For perennial plants, not only the part of the nutrients that turned out to be after planting in the aisles, but also those nutrients that fall into the alienated zones during periodic top dressing of the plants during the subsequent operation of the plantings, are inaccessible. For the same reason, the use of siderata, sown and sealed in the aisles, is not effective enough. The nutrients and soil with improved structure resulting from the decomposition of their fragrant vegetative mass are inaccessible for isolated inter-row treatments in the rows of cultivated plants.

 Particularly tough schemes are problematic when cultivating those crops that form vegetative offspring regardless of production needs, in particular strawberries, raspberries. The artificial limitation of their specialized organs of vegetative reproduction naturally moving in space contributes to even faster filling and oversaturation of the nutritional area allocated to the original plants. Permanent inter-row tillage involuntarily stimulate this process. When cultivating strawberries, the working bodies of soil-cultivating devices shift the shoots creeping on the surface of the row-spacing towards the rows, where the rosettes located on them root. In raspberries, the constant cutting of underground shoots stimulates the formation of root offspring at the borders with aisles and in the rows themselves.

 On the one hand, the natural formation and consolidation of daughter plants in the rows next to the uterine plants allows, without additional costs, to significantly increase the total number of plants grown within the specified schemes. However, the formation by subsidiaries of their vegetative offspring, those in turn of their own, etc. leads to the rapid oversaturation of the limited space in the rows with plants, the intensification of competition between them over the feeding area. As a result, the initial plants, which form the basis of the plantations and, compared with their vegetative offspring, due to the larger run and better arrangement in the ranks, are potentially more productive, do not realize their potential. Their vegetative offspring is in an even worse position. Subsidiary plants are shifted to the very borders of the protective zones of the rows, up to 30-50% of their root system is turned towards the aisles, where the growing roots are constantly cut off during soil cultivation. From the center of the tapes they are drowned out by more powerful initial, conditionally uterine plants. The yield obtained from such plantations becomes nonequivalent to the total number and potential productivity of all plants grown, as well as to the costs of their maintenance.

 The result of strict territorial fixation of the initial patterns of perennial plants is to artificially maintain a uniform composition of cultivated plantations, the maintenance period of which is completely dependent on the age characteristics of individual plants of cultivated crops. The life of plantations occupied mainly or only with one source plant of the same age is unreasonably underestimated, since the ability of these crops to autonomic self-renewal is not taken into account.

 Irrational use of soil in rows, increased competition between cultivated plants contributes to the strictly linear distribution of the originally planted plants. This method of placement is caused by the need, on the one hand, to enter planting schemes into the system of mechanized agrotechnical methods, and on the other hand, to accelerate the formation of sufficiently dense and continuous rows of tapes from the vegetative aerial organs of the grown plants that provide natural protection against weeds. The faster the planted plants close, close free areas in the rows with a dense canopy of leaves, the more competitive they will be in relation to weeds. For these reasons, compaction in the ranks during intensification of production was carried out on the basis of a strictly linear arrangement of plants.

 The linear method of placement causes a strong overlap in the central part of the tapes of the feeding areas of neighboring plants. At the same time, a significant part of the area in the protective zones of the rows, areas located between adjacent plants and directly adjacent to the aisles, are not developed intensively in the post-planting period. Even when using long-term costly mulching coatings, these features are not taken into account, although this opens up new opportunities for a more rational placement of plants.

 The consequence of monoculture and strict territorial fixation of the original planting patterns is the need to use special culturology when cultivating perennial plants. In contrast to crop rotations used in the cultivation of annual crops, most of the fields included in their composition are occupied by plants of different ages of different ages, which are the main and determining the specialization of this crop rotation. Each separate field included in its composition during a certain number of vegetations is occupied only by perennial plants. After their elimination and until the next re-laying, it is used for growing specially selected as scientifically sound predecessors of annual crops or kept under black or occupied fumes. This interruption in time is carried out in order to resume the lost soil fertility in the ranks in order to continue cultivating a perennial crop in the same place.

 Fully mastered cultural turnover provides for the annual renewal of perennial plantations through the elimination of old plots of age, the condition of the plants of which are close to the threshold of economic feasibility and at the same time laying new ones equal to those being eliminated in area. It is also possible to replace after some rotation of some perennial crops with others, without changing the quantitative ratio of the areas of individual fields.

 However, significant displacements and the spread of alternating cultures in space reduce the economic efficiency of cultural revolutions and lead to a dispersal of productive forces. The principle of well-known cultural revolutions does not correspond to the biological characteristics of perennial plants. Aimed at eliminating the negative consequences of prolonged stay in one place of plants of perennial crops, alternating on the fields of culture revolutions of monoculture of annual plants, they not only eliminate but smooth them. A simple alternation of monocultures, predecessors that differ from the perennial ones only in shorter growing periods, also accompanied by, although less pronounced, negative consequences, cannot solve the problem of greening production.

 The simultaneous cultivation of all the additional crops included in the cultural revolution at once greatly complicates the production. Each cultivated crop requires certain growing conditions, for which a special set of agricultural techniques, knowledge is required. In addition, the cultivation of additional predecessor crops is not always economically viable. Some of them do not generate direct income at all under black steam.

 The use of crop rotation interferes with highly specialized production, cultivation primarily of those crops that are of particular interest under certain environmental and social conditions. The available land area during the organization of cultural revolutions has to be split into separate sections, even when it can be used as a solid land mass. This requires large material costs associated with geodetic work, the laying of additional roads and irrigation facilities, leads to the alienation of up to 15-20% of the total area and, consequently, to a decrease in the area allocated for the main perennial crops. So, for example, for the cultivation of strawberries on 5 hectares for the organization of cultivation, a total useful area of at least 40 hectares is necessary, of which only 15 hectares are occupied by strawberries.

 In the presence of small areas, the use of crop rotations becomes more and more problematic, because after their organization, the areas allocated for perennial crops are reduced to such sizes that cultivation becomes economically inexpedient. There is a need to find additional land resources, which is not always possible, based on the material capabilities of the manufacturer, geographical and other conditions. At the same time, a complete rejection of the alternation of crops leads to "fatigue" of the soil.

 As a rule, a significant spread in the fields of cultural revolutions increases the overhead associated with the movement of productive forces between them (equipment, planting material, labor, etc.), and the greater the distance between the fields, the greater these costs.

 The principle of alternation in individual fields, which underlies well-known crop rotation, is more consistent with the nature of annual plants than perennial plants capable of autonomic self-renewal within the original area, for which periodic re-planting of plants with change of growing places is unnatural.

 When growing annual, propagated by seeds, crops, the need for periodic movement in space over significant distances is obvious. Repeated crops in one place, even in nature, lead to a sharp decrease in productivity. It can be assumed that the evolutionary development of plant species with predominantly seed propagation did not fix their ability to grow for a long time in one place, but, on the contrary, went towards eliminating natural monocultures. The fact is that these species were mainly formed in open steppe spaces, which differ in severe climatic conditions. For the survival of micropopulations under these conditions, it was necessary to hereditarily secure the ability to remove daughter individuals from parental individuals at considerable distances, which is possible only with seed reproduction. Apparently, one of the main attributes of this selection was the oppression of the parental individuals with the help of the allelopathically active substances of the root secretions that they accumulate in the soil, their own or other individuals of this type of offspring, by chance or as a result of any deviations in the morphology that happened to be in place of the former population growth. The advantage was given to forms that spread their seeds over long distances. This feature is especially evident in such species of steppe plants as Salvia austrica L. Adonis nolgensis Stev. under which phytotoxic substances accumulate in such quantities that they can grow only in the form of single plants and are forced to change the place of growth with each new generation.

 Therefore, the problem of long-term monoculture in annual plants is relevant precisely in connection with their evolutionary origin and biological characteristics, and it can only be solved with the help of culture revolutions.

 When cultivating perennial plants capable of vegetative self-renewal, the problem of monoculture arises primarily due to shortcomings in the organization of production, since long-term growth in one place does not contradict their biological characteristics. Under natural conditions, plants of these species form dense clumps of individuals of different ages, capable of growing almost unlimited time in a single place through vegetative self-renewal, with a gradual change of generations. During vegetative propagation, daughter plants maintain a connection with uterine for a long time, receiving nutrients from them until they completely root and separate into independent individuals. This feature is a reliable guarantee of the conservation of populations of undersized species living in forest communities. Distribution of seeds among densely located plants of their own and other species is difficult. The probability of seeds getting into conditions favorable for their germination and further development of seedlings is also low, since the dense leaf litter of forest plants, isolating the surface of the soil, is an insurmountable barrier. These circumstances make seed propagation unreliable to keep populations of undersized species.

 The movements of populations in space as a result of vegetative propagation are insignificant and are not critical for the distribution of species compared to seed. The evolutionary purpose of vegetative self-renewal lies primarily in the conservation of species.

 In addition to stabilizing the population, vegetative propagation contributes to the natural self-healing of populations. For reasons unclear to the end, even the uterine plants of wild strawberries, which are heavily infected with pests and diseases, form some part of the vegetative offspring completely free of pathogens. In this case, daughter plants are removed by growing shoots at a sufficient distance from the uterine specimens, which are obvious or possible sources of infection, i.e. natural isolation of vegetative offspring occurs.

 Seed propagation mainly with the help of birds allows the distribution of individuals over considerable distances. Seedlings that happened to be in favorable conditions quickly develop and, catching on this place, gradually fill it with their vegetative offspring, forming curtains. The dense arrangement of plants in curtains helps to better protect them from adverse climatic conditions, increases competitiveness in relation to other, even taller species.

 Small curtains of perennial plants, organically fit into the composition of balanced natural biocenoses, represented by complex species diversity and trophic connections, all this prevents the widespread and accumulation of pests and diseases that affect these plant species to levels that can cause self-degeneration of micropopulations.

 One of the drawbacks of using crop rotations for growing perennial plants is the differentiation of individual fields solely by the age of the originally planted plants. In natural communities, young, newly isolated plants, which need particularly favorable conditions at the first stages of development, find themselves under the peculiar protection of taller older individuals. On production plantations, the original plants of the same age are isolated in separate fields, which reduces the resistance of planted plants to weeds and adverse climatic conditions. Separate exploitation of perennial plants of different ages, especially with a large spread of individual fields of crop cultivators, significantly complicates the care of plants.

 When carrying out agricultural activities, it is necessary to take into account the age-related characteristics of the cultivated culture in each individual field. For the same reason, a certain part of marketable products is lost due to the unprofitability of collecting the first crops on young plantations. The economic feasibility of fees is determined by the ratio of productivity and costs associated with the concentration of productive forces on the harvested area (security, transport, packaging, pickers) and, as a rule, multiple fees themselves, which make up 70-80% of the total production costs.

 The limited harvesting period, the spread of plantings of different ages forces, first of all, to harvest the most productive areas and often does not have enough time for less productive areas. As a result, crops, albeit small, only entering into fruiting plots, disappear.

 The slow increase in the yield of the planting that comes into production is associated not only with the insufficient initial productivity of individual young plants, but also with the insufficient density of the whole fruiting shoots in the rows, since at the time of laying the initial plants are planted according to the schemes designed for their oldest, most productive age.

 The intensification of production, including the use of denser layouts, shortening the life of plantings, as well as periodically updating the age composition of plantings of cultural rotations, required a significant increase in the production of planting material, the quality of which was also made more stringent.

 In order to meet the growing demand and requirements in the production of planting material, a guideline was taken for the creation of specialized queen cells isolated from fruiting stands of breeding sites using special recreational activities. The allocation of planting material in a separate product of commodity production entailed a significant increase in the cost of its receipt, the creation of a separate specialized industry. However, this direction also does not correspond to the biological characteristics of perennial crops, primarily their natural, or under the influence of insignificant efforts, ability to form healthy vegetative offspring, directly in the original limits of cultivated plantations.

 The need for special production of planting material arose initially with extensive technologies, with long life of commercial plantations, during which their phytosanitary condition deteriorated so much that the use of the vegetative offspring of plants cultivated on these plantings as planting material became problematic. In the future, as plant life was reduced, the assortment was replenished with high-immune varieties, and the means of protection improved, the risk of severe infection of the vegetative organs of fruiting plants decreased significantly and the plantations on the phytosanitary level approached specialized mother plants.

 In addition, due to the biological characteristics of these crops, the specialization of plantations on fruiting and uterine is conditional, especially when growing crops such as strawberries and raspberries, which form vegetative offspring regardless of production needs. The main difference between highly specialized plantations is only in the nature of the use of potent pesticides, the use of which on fruiting plants is more limited due to safety measures. However, in the uterine plantations in connection with the general greening of production, recently sanitary requirements for chemical protection have become more stringent.

 Special cultivation of planting material is carried out not only for the purpose of healing, but in particular for obtaining plants with a closed root system. The process of harvesting vegetative offspring with bare roots, its subsequent movements adversely affect the quality of planting material, reduces the percentage of survival, slows down the starting growth of planted plants, which ultimately affects the subsequent productivity of the planted plants. The need for protective shells for root clods is caused precisely by significant movements of seedlings, which in turn is a consequence of, on the one hand, the use of well-known crop rotations, and, on the other hand, the separate cultivation of planting material.

 Increased requirements for the quality of planting material are associated with the fact that the main emphasis during cultivation is placed primarily on the source plants, since there is no provision for any replacement of them during the operation of plantings by vegetative offspring. Moreover, when cultivating crops with active vegetative self-renewal, such as wild strawberries and raspberries, a lot of effort is directed at artificially maintaining a leading position in the ranks of the source plants by eliminating or weakening their own vegetative offspring, which competes sharply with uterine ones for the feeding area due to stationary row schemes. Particularly great is the dependence of the total productivity of plantings on the quality of the originally planted plants with sparse planting schemes and very long periods of their operation. The intensification of production smoothes out this dependence more and more.

 The listed features of cultivation of perennial vegetatively propagated crops were completely borrowed when laying and maintaining specialized plots for preserving the gene pool of these crops. It is with the contents of the collection stands that the disadvantages of the known methods are most pronounced. For collection plantings, the most urgent is the problem of rational use of the land area, due to the ever-increasing number of samples involved in storage. As a result of continuous breeding activity, a large number of varieties are created annually and many plant forms that are promising for further breeding are identified. The intensification of production has led to a sharp narrowing of the gene pool used. Only those varieties are cultivated whose economic and biological features are most suitable for the production requirements at the moment. On the other hand, constantly changing assortment requirements related to fluctuations in demand for cultivated products, improvement of cultivation technologies, and the rapid loss of resistance of varieties to pathogens make it necessary for breeding activities to have a large stock of gene combinations that are preserved in the form of living plants. Basically, the collections consist of varieties that have lost production value, breeding forms, wild species. Without such a fund, intensive breeding is impossible. The effectiveness of long-term breeding programs depends on the volume of collections and the general condition of the samples.

 The use of well-known cultural revolutions for the maintenance of collection plantations, in addition to these disadvantages, contributes to the creation of additional problems specific to this type of plantings. The main one is associated with the periodic reordering of collections at individual sites. Complete transfer of collection stands makes it difficult to maintain the genetic purity of the grown samples. Constantly replenished with new samples, collection sites do not fit well into the areas originally set during the organization of cultural revolutions. There is a need for periodic reorganization of layouts and relationships of alternating fields, mobilization of additional space.

 The creation of stationary plantations, excluding periodic re-laying, is problematic due to the inevitable consequences of "fatigue" of the soil. In this case, the mechanism for replacing preserved plants has not been worked out. In the well-known performance, in particular on the collection of wild strawberries of the Pavlovskaya VIR station, in which young plants are necessarily planted in the place of the previous location of the eliminated plants of the maximum age, the method is extremely laborious. Moreover, it does not guarantee the complete preservation of the genetic purity of the updated samples, since in case of inevitable deterioration of phytosanitary conditions, planting material has to be grown in separate special areas.

 The closest in technical essence to the invention is a method of growing strawberries, based on the periodic re-laying of plantings within the same area, carried out by the reciprocating movements of the rows from the starting position to the inter-rows and back due to the directional orientation of the mustache rooted near the mother plants. At the same time, the layout of the source plants planted when planting is laid out is characterized by reduced row spacing so that the ribbons formed from the source plants and their vegetative offspring are equal in width and 30-40 cm. Outlets that fall before re-planting the plantings outside the areas reserved for the source ribbons are destroyed during inter-row tillage.

 After planting the bookmark and forming the original ribbons for 2-3 years, the layout of the bearing plants does not undergo any changes. After this period, when the potential capabilities of the limited tapes of cultivated plants and soil areas are close to exhaustion, the first re-laying of the planting is carried out. Immediately after fruiting, the whiskers appearing once again in the plant ribbons are oriented towards the aisles. Periodically selectively correcting and laying out the shoots on the soil surface, they try to evenly fill the area of the aisles with rooted rosettes. When filling out individual sections of row-spacings, fixation of outlets is used by lightly pressing their base into the soil, pressing them with small clods of soil. The layout and fixation of the mustache is carried out repeatedly, from the very beginning of the mustache until the complete row spacing.

 At this moment, the newly formed continuous ribbons from young daughter plants are located between the original uterine ones intended for elimination.

 Plants of the original ribbons during the re-laying of the stands act as uterine. The whiskers of each re-laying tape are used in the filling of both adjacent row spacings, i.e. in the formation of two new ribbons. The entire area of planting at the time of re-laying is covered with a continuous "carpet" of creeping shoots and rooted rosettes.

 Having laid new tapes, they remove the uterine. This operation is carried out using a special device, during the passage of which the roots of the plants of the removed tapes are simultaneously trimmed and the stolons connecting the uterine, removed plants with their daughter rosettes that are in the newly laid tapes are pre-cut in front of the walking knife knives. Undermined plants are then collected and removed from the plantation. At the same time, old plants of liquidated tapes are destroyed, and newly formed rosettes, first of all, of the first order, which are of the greatest value according to the degree of development, are selected and used as planting material. The removal of unnecessary plants and the preparation of seedlings are carried out simultaneously as the area is freed up for new aisles, contained in the future, until the next re-laying, under black steam.

 Thus, in the known method, the row-spacing, constantly processed and maintained in a row-free condition from the grown and weed plants, serves not only for the passage of equipment, but also for the location of newly planted ribbons of young plants in the neighborhood. The periodic alternation of adjacent tape sections of cultivated plants and black steam is similar to the alternation in the fields of known culture revolutions. The difference lies only in the territorial distribution of dissimilar sites, the alternations combined in the prototype within the same plantation.

 However, this method has drawbacks: it does not provide for effective protection of cultivated plantings from weeds at the time of re-laying. As a result of the prolonged buildup of strawberries, the formation of new ribbons in the aisles is delayed for a long time. From the beginning of the appearance of the first whiskers in the uterine tapes and until the completion of the re-laying of a special device with the removal of plants undermined by them, mechanized cultivation of the soil on the stands is completely excluded, since the aisles of the previous scheme intended for the passage of the technique are occupied at this moment by creeping shoots and rooted rosettes, and new not yet freed from old plants.

 Multiple manual weeding, necessary for this period, require such costs that with large cultivated areas this method is practically not feasible. The use of herbicides on fruiting stands is severely limited by sanitary requirements. Moreover, during re-laying, the area of the aisles filled with rosettes primarily grows with weeds. Unlike liquidated tapes with densely arranged tall plants in the aisles, weeds do not meet serious competition from recently or only rooted rosettes, and hinder their development. The most competitive first-order sockets are mostly concentrated at the borders of the tapes being laid, and partially remain in the liquidated ones. The middle part of the aisles is most vulnerable to weeds, since it is filled last least with less developed outlets of the second and next orders. As a result, the newly formed ribbons are initially heavily clogged, which affects the productivity of the renewed plantings, if we do not take special measures to destroy weeds.

 A significant drawback is the lack of clear guidelines for the passage of the device, cutting plants removed tapes. At the initial planting of the stands, markers are used that indicate the lines along which the original plants are planted. During the filling of row-spacing adjacent to the initial plants with vegetative offspring, the leaves of the uterine and daughter ribbons are closed in a continuous carpet and the lines of the borders of the ribbons are poorly distinguishable. The parameters of the source tapes determine the inter-row tillage during the first scrubbing. The boundaries of the ribbons are arbitrary and some deviations of the central axes of the formed initial ribbons from the lines along which the original plants were planted are possible. In this connection, the edges of the uterine tapes cannot serve as a clear guide during re-laying.

 As a result of the dense arrangement of the removed and left tapes and the absence of their clear boundaries during the passage of the device along with the removed plants, sections of the rows can be captured. And, on the contrary, a part of the served plants of liquidated tapes can accidentally remain in the composition of the newly formed ones. As a result of this renewal, the stands are represented by a heterogeneous qualitative and age composition of plants and ribbon parameters. Strong overgrowing of weed plantings further exacerbates this problem. The use of mechanized marking with this method of re-laying is excluded, and manual is inefficient.

 The use of removed plants as planting material is not economically feasible. Selective procurement of young outlets requires a lot of manual labor. As a side effect, this operation leads to a dispersal of productive forces. In addition, it delays the completion of re-laying and the use of equipment for carrying out agrotechnical measures to care for updated plantations, especially necessary after a long break. The sample itself cannot be of sufficient quality due to the dense arrangement in plants of liquidated tapes of different-aged plants, which are not always sufficiently distinguishable in appearance.

 Fixing sockets when filling the row-spacings with manual indentation and adding soil is not effective. Especially if at the same time the stolon on which the selected outlet is located is strongly curved. The escape tends to expand further and as a result, the rosette that has not had time to take root shifts from its position. The reliability of such a fixation is highly dependent on external conditions. Strong winds and fluctuations in soil moisture cause shedding of the edges of the squeezed holes, erode and scatter the soil sprinkled to the shoots.

 This method does not eliminate acute competition between plants of different ages within the tapes. For a two-three-year period, the plants become saturated with the area allotted for ribbons. Accordingly, while the potentialities of both uterine and daughter plants are still underused.

 Plants located at the edges of the tapes are constantly exposed to negative effects from tillage tools. Strawberries, due to the small habitus of the bushes and the vulnerable heart, suffer greatly from this effect, especially at a young age. During inter-row treatments, a significant part of the superficially located root system of plants rushing from the oversaturated zone of the tapes into the space free from plants is also damaged.

 In cultivated plants, especially along the edges of tapes, from close contact with the continuously cultivated and unprotected surface of the aisle soil and in the rows themselves, the presentation of the fruit worsens. During rainfall and watering, drops of water falling from a great height, spraying, entrain soil particles onto the berries, thereby reducing only their attractiveness, but also contributing to the introduction of infections that cause various plant diseases. The use of effective mulching coatings with this method is not provided.

 The close location of the alternation plots, the insignificant movements of strawberry tapes over the area of plantings practically do not eliminate the principle of rigid territorial fixation of the original schemes of well-known cultural revolutions. The problem of monoculture is also not eliminated, since within the cultivated area all the time plants of only one strawberry are grown. The black pair of row-spacings serves as the sole predecessor, which alone is not able to effectively eliminate the negative consequences that inevitably arise with prolonged monoculture.

 The difficulties associated with maintaining the number of source tapes, respectively, the total number of plants grown. When re-planting plantings in this way, the formation of each new tape occurs by filling out sockets from two liquidated neighboring ones. If only inter-row spacing within the planting is used for laying new tapes, then with each next re-laying, the cultivated area will decrease by one tape. In the same case, when the area of reserve strips adjacent to the extreme tapes is used to fill out with sockets, the cultivated area will increase by two tapes each time, but the qualitative formation of tape paradises is problematic, since half the number of shoots is used to fill them. This not only delays the formation of extreme tapes, but also makes the plants located in them more vulnerable to weeds compared to other tapes inside the stands.

 The aim of the invention is to increase production efficiency with maximum environmental friendliness at the same time based on the use of the natural ability of cultivated crops for vegetative self-renewal and long-term growth within one site, as well as through joint cultivation with other crops, bringing artificially supported plant communities closer to natural biocenoses.

 The essence of the method is that the planting of plants and the subsequent cultivation of plants are carried out using long-acting mulching coatings, spread in the form of tapes on the soil surface. The period of action of the materials used for this for each crop is selected in such a way that, providing protection to the planted plants in the initial period of development, they will subsequently completely decompose under the influence of environmental conditions. For this, photo-selective polymer films, hydrophobic papers can be used, but the most optimal is the use of pressed organic materials of natural origin as a mulching coating.

 At the same time, in order to increase the efficiency of using the cultivated surface of the soil protected by the mulching coating, to save mulching materials, to increase the density of plantings, the initial plants are planted in rows or narrow ribbons.

 The differences in the concepts of row and ribbon, if we consider the structure of modern, intensive plantings, are very arbitrary. Placement in rows indicates the planting of the original plants in parallel lines, the distance between which is the same throughout the cultivated area. With ribbons when, at equal distances, neighboring 2, 3, etc. the rows are brought together and the intervals between them are much smaller in comparison with the row spacing of the ribbons. However, planting individual plants in a row, they subsequently form and care for their above-ground and underground vegetative organs, as if they were continuous ribbons. This is partly due to the rational use of cultivated area. Plants in rows are placed at the minimum interval and they quickly close. Partly, with the need to ensure natural self-protection of cultivated plants from weeds. And no less important reason is the mechanized care of the plantings. Immediately after laying, from the first inter-row tillage, rows of plants begin to be looked after as continuous ribbons.

 The device of any cultivated perennial planting consists of three elements: lines along which the original plants are located, untreated mechanically tape sections of soil from both sides of each plant line and constantly subjected to mechanized tillage, which serve to pass the row spacing technique, under which most of the cultivated planted area. As the stands are exploited, the protective zones of the rows are more and more separated into continuous strips sometimes rising above the row-spacing surface by 30-40 cm. Such a difference in levels is caused by the gradual accumulation of the root mass of the grown plants in the rows, as well as the displacement of soil by heavy machinery from the mechanically processed row spacing to the protective zones of the rows, by more intense erosion processes in the row spacings.

 The propagation of the roots of planted plants in the soil layer is radial in nature and is not amenable to any artificial formation except for periodic continuous trimming by tillage tools along all the boundaries of the protective zones of rows with row spacings. The speed and uniformity of filling the soil layer in the protection zone of the rows with the roots of cultivated plants determine the degree of intensity of use of funds invested to increase the fertility of these areas.

 The distribution of the aboveground vegetative organs of plants in the rows, and more precisely in the subsoil space of the protective zones of the rows, also has a radial character. Unlike the roots, the crowns are well ventilated and with the help of trimming it is possible to control the process of filling the tapes with growing shoots, to make their placement more uniform. Shoots due to great flexibility, durability, and the ability to temporarily deviate compared to the roots suffer much less from units passing between rows, even if they go far beyond the boundary of the protection zones of the rows. However, the intensity and rationality of the use of the soil surface in the rows limited by planting patterns and the possibilities of the grown plants are no less important than the use of soil fertility in the protection zones. The faster the shoots of planted plants fill the ranks, the less they compete with each other for sunlight, carbon dioxide, the sooner the plantations begin to produce marketable crops. Trimming requires a lot of manual labor. Therefore, the problem of intensive development of the protective zones of the rows by both the roots and the crowns of the original plants must first be solved by more rational placement of plants even during the laying of plantings.

 The possibilities of further densification of stands by reducing the intervals between neighboring plants linearly arranged in rows in single-line schemes, as well as between adjacent rows in multi-line ribbons, have now been exhausted. The placement method itself, which could be called linear-rectangular, is outdated. All fundamental intervals between plants in it are selected based on the complete coincidence of these segments with the axis of the rows, ribbons and from the location with respect to the axes at right angles. In particular, for strawberries, when placed in a linearly rectangular manner, the following minimum intervals are provided in the schemes: between adjacent plants in rows of 15-20 cm, between adjacent rows in ribbons of 30-40 cm. Reducing these intervals is not economically feasible, since it leads to strengthening competition between cultivated plants for the area of nutrition and a decrease in their productivity. Not an exception for the known method is the placement of plants in ribbons in a checkerboard pattern. In this case, the plants in adjacent rows are shifted relative to each other so that each plant in one of the rows of ribbons falls strictly in the middle of the interval between the nearest plants in adjacent rows. Chess placement allows you to better disperse the plants in the ribbons and due to this, slightly narrow the interval between adjacent lines. However, at the same time, the arrangement of plants in the rows themselves does not change, and since the interval between adjacent plants in the rows does not increase, there are no special possibilities for converging adjacent rows and the ribbons from the doubled rows are quite wide. As a result of a more rational placement of plants, when staggered, tapes are narrowed by 5 cm in strength. Unlike other cultures for wild strawberries, wide ribbons are fraught with excessive accumulation of mustache growing almost throughout the entire vegetation inside the ribbons of the vegetative mass, which contributes to the depletion of the original, conditionally uterine plants and deterioration general phytosanitary condition of plantings. The narrower the tapes, the easier it is to remove unnecessary vegetative offspring. In narrow ribbons, the mustache, not having time or to a small degree of rooting between the lines, goes beyond the borders of the ribbons, where they are easily removed mechanically. Thus, even when the plants are placed in the slag dressing in ribbons, one of the fundamental intervals remains the segment between adjacent rows, located at right angles to their axes.

 In the proposed method, an option is provided in which the initial plants are planted with narrow ribbons during the laying of plantings resulting from alternating slight displacement of plants in each single row from its axis towards both rows, while the width of the protective zone of the rows remains unchanged. So, when placing strawberry plants, the width of the protective zone of the rows is 30 cm, relative to the axis of the row, neighboring plants are shifted to the territory of the protective zone by 5 cm, alternately in both directions, along lines perpendicular to the axis. As a result, from one row, as it were, two adjacent lines are obtained, which together form a ribbon, the distance between these lines is 10 cm.

 The basis for this method of placement was the fact that the minimum allowable intervals between neighboring plants of perennial crops were identified in the course of many years of practice and regardless of the nature of the location of neighboring plants on the stands for each of them are valid from all sides. If we represent the minimum interval as a radius and draw a circle around the plant, then the placement of neighboring plants should be closer than this circle. The fundamental intervals in the proposed method of placement, in contrast to the linear-rectangular one, are not the segments between adjacent plants in rows coinciding with the axis of the ribbons, and not the segments between adjacent rows perpendicular to these axes, but the segments between the nearest plants in adjacent rows directed under an acute angle with respect to the axis of the tapes, equal in length to the minimum allowable intervals known for cultivated crops. It turns out that when placing strawberry plants between adjacent plants in tapes along diagonal segments, the interval is 20 cm, and between adjacent plants in each of both rows it is increased to 35 cm. If we consider the tape as a scattered row, then the interval between adjacent, slightly displaced to the sides by plants, in the direction of the axis of the tape are reduced by 3 cm and is 17 cm.

 The dispersal of the seats from the axis of the rows makes it possible to more evenly and faster to assimilate immediately after planting by the roots of the plants the soil layer of the protective zone of the rows introduced into these areas during the pre-planting preparation of fertilizer sections, as well as the subsoil of the protective zone by shoots, which reduces the competition of neighboring plants for the feeding area. Since the width of the protective zone of the tapes with the proposed method remains the same as with ordinary placement, and the intervals between adjacent plants along the axis of the tapes are somewhat reduced, at the same time it is possible to condense the stands by 8-10%. When placing the plants of other crops, the width of the protective zones of the rows is also left without changes, the rows are divided into two parallel rows, each of which is offset from the axis of the original row, and now the ribbons towards the nearest row spacing are 25-30% of the gap between the boundary of the protective zone and the axis of the band. Having established the location of the axes of both axis of the rows and the first plant in the tape on one of them, the next plant is placed on the opposite axis from the first, at the minimum acceptable interval, and so on throughout the tape, placing plants alternately on each of two adjacent rows.

 Based on the characteristics of the alternation of neighboring plants in the ribbons, the proposed method of placement can be called linear-diagonal.

 A slight shift of the original plants towards the row-spacing does not cause them significant harm. They suffer much more from competition among themselves over the area of food. A more rational placement of the source plants, in addition to the listed advantages, at the same time increases the efficiency of expensive mulch coatings covering the entire protective zone of the rows.

 When growing strawberries, the proposed method of placement facilitates the removal of excess mustache. The dense surface of the mulch coatings is unfavorable for rooting rosettes and, due to the small width of the tapes, the shoots that continue to grow in length take out unrooted rosettes in the aisles, where they are removed by cutting with circular knives along the edge of the mulch coatings, or partially left.

 Accelerating the development by the planted plants of the nutrient resources provided for them within the boundaries of the protective zones of the rows of soil and air space, the proposed method of placement does not move away at all, due to the insignificant displacement of plants from the axis of the rows, the subsequent merging of their crowns into continuous, competitive with respect to weeds, tapes.

 When growing crops with the involuntary formation of vegetative offspring left within the protective zones of the rows, in particular raspberries, the linear-diagonal placement method allows to more fully realize the productivity potential of not only the source, conditionally uterine plants, but also daughter plants. Root offsprings growing throughout the operation of plantings have a significant share in the total yield. Their formation is especially important in the first years after planting, for the rapid formation of continuous uniform ribbons from fruiting and young shoots. In ordinary rows, the offspring in the bulk are pressed by the initial plants to the boundaries of the protective zones of rows and row-spacings, the most unfavorable for growth, because of the constant cultivation of row-spacings, sections. The linear-diagonal scheme leaves enough space in the middle part of the tapes between the original plants shifted to the sides to accommodate the offspring growing in the subsequent ones. The mulching coating, providing a friendly starting growth of the source plants in the first year, and the second should not prevent the appearance of their offspring outside the seats.

 In contrast to commercial plantations, in which the initial plants are planted with continuous tapes, isolation intervals from unoccupied plots of mulching tapes of 1.5-2 m in length are provided at specialized sites for preserving and studying gene pools between individual samples. Spatial isolation inside the tapes is necessary to preserve the genetic purity of the grown samples. The proposed method allows not only to preserve samples in a good genetic and phytosanitary condition, but also to more fully identify their biological characteristics of interest for scientific research and selection.

 After planting the original plants from a certain point in time, they begin to periodically partially re-arrange the stands within the specified area, which is carried out by vegetative propagation of the plants bearing fruiting. Newly obtained plants are placed with ribbons at some distance from the uterine, parallel to them with the subsequent, until the end of the growing season, the elimination of part of the original uterine ribbons in connection with the replacement of their ribbons from daughter plants. At the same time, in order to increase the efficiency of this operation, the stands are re-laid using mulching tape coatings.

 During the period of mass buildup of strawberries, at a distance of 20-30 cm from the edges of the mulched initial, previously laid-down ribbons of the prolific plants, parallel mulch-covering ribbons with already prepared planting apertures are laid. The parameters of the laid out tapes, including the layout of plants on them, are the same as in the initial planting of the stands.

 In order to ensure the possibility of constant partial vegetative self-renewal and preservation, while maintaining an unchanged, defined ratio within the cultivated plantation of plants of different ages to maintain its productivity at one specially provided level, the grown perennial plants are placed in separate, located at the same interval from friend's parallel stripes. Moreover, each such strip in turn consists of parallel ribbons of different ages separated by black vapor, laid at different times. At the edges of the strips there are tapes, the difference in age of which determines a limited age interval for the content of cultivated plants on the plantation, separate for each cultivated crop. On the one hand, all stripes of tape of the smallest age, just or recently laid, on the other extreme. The total number of tapes in each strip is equal to the number of tapes during which each individual plant of a given culture is kept within a given planting area.

 At the same time or shortly before laying mulching tapes next to the youngest in the strips, located on opposite edges of the tape of the maximum age are eliminated. Planting nests of stacked ribbons of mulch are immediately filled with rosettes of whiskers from nearby parallel ribbons of plants, acting in this case as uterine ones. Filling is carried out simultaneously on the entire re-planted plantation as soon as possible in order to prevent the possibility of weeds in the planting holes of the mulching coating. From the uterine mustache, they are oriented perpendicularly to the filled ribbons, while selecting the most developed and healthy shoots. Sockets located on movable shoots should not have a strongly developed root system so that the rooting process takes place in the planting nests of filled tapes. The use of already rooted outlets is not allowed, since the inevitable damage to the roots at the time of reorientation causes a further lag in the development of the selected outlets.

 The quick filling of newly laid tapes is facilitated by the flexibility of the stolons, which can be bent in any direction without much damage to their further development. This feature is very important for partial re-laying. The total length of the strawberry whiskers, their individual internodes varies greatly, which makes it somewhat difficult to select shoots, the rosettes of which would directly fall into the landing holes of the filled ribbons without bends of the stolons. The possibility of free variation due to the flexion of creeping shoots when filling ribbons eliminates the need for a special selection of mustaches for linear parameters and allows you to focus on more significant features, in particular the degree of development of the selected outlets.

 Partial re-laying of plantings does not impede the implementation of agrotechnical measures to care for them, including the use of technology for this purpose, since vegetative neoplasms fill only a small part of the cultivated area.

 To accelerate the filling of mulching tapes in the planting sockets, sockets are fixed with special studs that firmly press the bases of the selected sockets to the soil surface. This fixation, unlike manual indentation, is more reliable. It accelerates the process of root formation at outlets and contributes to their fixing in the center of the holes. In this position, the outlet, growing evenly, quickly fill the landing nests. In the case of their displacement to the edges of the planting holes, the likelihood of emergence of nests of weeds in the free lumens increases, which are not yet sufficiently developed and growing fast enough due to the inconvenient location of the outlet cannot independently resist.

 The use of hairpins makes the rooting process in fixed outlets less dependent on various natural factors. From accidental physical impact from the equipment used to care for the re-planted plantings during the rooting period, the sockets are reliably protected by mulching coatings.

Used for fixing the sockets consist of a vertical pin, to the end of the tapered main pin and smaller along the length of a side, forming with it at the connection angle ^of 60-70. The vertical pin at the time of fixation is immersed in the ground at the very corner. It serves to secure the studs in the selected location. In this case, the shoot is pressed against the soil surface with a side pin, fixing the selected outlet in the right place. The known design used for fixing on the soil surface both grassy and woody shoots, studs are two fused rods forming an angle at the junction, without any vertical extension behind it. This corner joint simultaneously serves as a handle and capture of fixed shoots, which is very inconvenient. After fixation, the joint is located on the surface of the soil, or even immersed in it as a result of the hairpin becomes barely noticeable.

 A distinctive feature of the proposed design of the stud is the presence of a handle, which is a vertical extension of the side pin, smoothly turning into an open ring. This handle is located in the same plane with both pins. Towering over both pins, the ring-shaped handle serves to grip the studs while securing outlets. At the same time, it serves for the serial connection of all installed in the seat nests of the filled stud tapes by stringing their knobs-rings on a thin strong thread. Thanks to this connection, the removal of the studs after sufficiently rooting the sockets is much easier. Among fast-growing young plants with a dense leaf canopy, the tops of hairpins that barely extend to the soil surface would be difficult to find without handles. Removing each involved stud separately would be much more difficult due to the high cost of manual labor, the use of the proposed method on large areas on an industrial scale.

 The connecting studs of the thread are laid out before fixing on the surface of the mulching tapes with the calculation of the length of the tapes and the zigzag arrangement of the fixed sockets, i.e. with a certain margin. Near the end of the next mulching tape, from where it begins to fill, the thread is fixed on the soil surface with a hairpin of the proposed design. The fixed ends of the threads should not interfere with the movement of equipment and people on the stands during re-laying.

 Partially closed handle rings allow both stringing and removing the studs with lateral movements, passing the connecting threads through the free segments, practically without changing the position of the threads.

 The sockets are fixed as follows: the selected shoot is brought to the next landing hole in the ribbon to be filled, one of the sockets of which is slightly pressed into the soil in the center of the hole, then a pin is threaded on this thread, which, while pulling the thread from already filled sections, is brought to the hole , where with its help and fix the given outlet.

 In this way, all the seat slots of the tape are sequentially filled. At the end of the mulching tape, the connecting thread is fixed in the same way as at the beginning on the surface of the soil near the end itself. In the tension position of the mulch over the malfunction, the threads serve as a fastening base for the mounted studs. Regarding the filament, the studs are positioned so as to prevent its spontaneous slipping out of the handle rings in the event of tension loosening. After fixing, the thread should be located in the closed part of the handle ring.

 Locking pins can be made of any materials that are sufficiently strong and resistant to environmental conditions (plastics, light metals, etc.). The connecting threads can also be made of any materials that allow them to have high strength and resistance, and at the same time good flexibility, with a minimum diameter. And the studs and connecting threads should also be cheap, since for the industrial use of the proposed method they are required in considerable quantities.

 After the complete rooting of the fixed outlets with the help of connecting threads, the studs are removed from the soil and removed from the plantation. When yarns are subsequently raised above the surface of the filled ribbons, the studs, which are now barely visible among the leaves, are easily removed from the soil by the handles strung on them, continuing to hang after that with the raised yarns in the air. Then the threads are wound into spools, the studs are disconnected as they wind up and stored in special containers, after which the threads and studs are reused.

 The operation to extract the studs on small stands can be carried out manually due to high labor productivity. In the case of a significant increase in the scale of production, it is performed by a special device, which, when passing along the cultivated area, captures immediately the entire strip or several tapes. Before starting its work, the ends of the threads are released and fixed on the rods of its winding drums. As the device sequentially moves along the strips, the rotating drums wind the connecting threads on the rods, and the studs carried along with the threads in front of the drums are tilted by a special device so that they themselves are released from the threads as a result of their sliding inside the handle rings towards the open sections through which they ultimately slip out, after which the released studs fall into the hopper intended for their collection. Having passed completely one lane, this device goes to the next. Premature shutdown of its operation can be caused by the need to remove coils filled with threads, replace them with new rods.

 The connecting threads stretched on the surface of the mulching coating simultaneously protect the fill tapes from unnecessary shoots. The coating itself, slightly rising above the soil level, serves as an obstacle to the natural penetration of free-growing whiskers that accumulate between uterine and newly laid ribbons into the filled zone. However, this does not exclude the possibility of creeping of individual shoots on the coating canvas. If they accidentally found themselves in the landing nests, the unforeseen outlets would interfere with the normal development of the fixed ones, competing with them for the feeding area. Connecting threads prevent accidental shoots from entering the planting holes. The excess whiskers creeping onto the surface of the tapes in the bulk turn out to be located above the threads and, during removal of the studs, are discarded from them and newly laid tapes towards the fallopian. The remaining shoots left after this are discarded manually from the mulch.

 This method of fixing rooted vegetative formations can also be used in the cultivation of other tree crops, in particular gooseberries, which are re-planted using arcuate branches. In contrast to the grassy mustache of strawberries, lignified shoots have less flexibility. They are more difficult to orient in space and more effort is needed to give them the right position. However, this drawback compensates for the ability of annual tree shoots to form roots in almost any part, unlike the point-nodal rooting of whiskers.

 During the fixation of strawberry shoots in the planting nests of the laid ribbons, the parts of the shoots following the secured rosettes are removed to stop the further growth of the mustache in length and interrupt the flow of nutrients on the last fixed rosettes, thereby stimulating their development. In case of partial re-laying of plantings of tree crops, shoots taken for rooting along the length should fall on the planting holes of mulching tapes with the middle or apical part. In this case, the shoot section that is followed by the fixed one is left, bending it upward. It serves as the basis for the formation of the crown of a newly formed plant and the designation of its location in the initial period.

 In order to effectively use the most valuable first-order rosettes, increase the total number of fruit-bearing plants in strips, increase the natural protection of plants during strawberry cultivation, the spaces between uterine and filled ribbons are set aside for free placement of rosettes, first of all, first-order ones. The high density of individual plants in the uterine tapes, the small width of the filled gaps contribute to the rapid formation of "carpet" tapes, consisting of the most valuable category of vegetative offspring of mulched plants. Filling the gaps between the tapes occurs mainly in a natural way. Periodically, as the mustache grows, a selective layout of individual shoots is made, aimed at uniformly filling these gaps with rooted rosettes.

 Immediately after the rooting tapes of the outlets fixed in the planting nests and forming uniformly dense throughout the “carpet” tapes are sufficiently rooted, the stolons are trimmed along both edges of the uterine and newly laid tapes. This operation is carried out with the aim of regulating the density of freely rooted rosettes in the "carpet" tapes, preventing their excessive thickening. Single plants of uterine tapes located on a mulched surface can form a very large number of whiskers during the growing season, spending a large part of the synthesized plastic materials on them to the detriment of their further productivity. The presence of free space near them stimulates the shoot formation process. Timely removal of excess, shortening of shoots left in accordance with production needs and varietal characteristics prevents unnecessary depletion of uterine plants. Trimming stolons is carried out along the very edge of the mulching coating, which eliminates damage to plants in the "carpet" tapes.

 The rapid formation of “carpet” tapes, the fairly high density of the leaf canopy of the plants placed in them, the use of the strongest, fastest growing ones, due to their location on the shoots of rosettes, guarantee the natural self-protection of uncoated plants in “carpet” tapes against weeds.

 Combined strips increase the efficiency of use of the planted area by increasing the total number of fruit-bearing plants, enable the cultivation of the most valuable category of vegetative offspring of strawberries of the first order, which have the highest run in development and high productivity potential, and save the funds needed for processing the soil between the tapes.

 In addition, the "carpet" and mulched ribbons of plants mutually protect each other from adverse external conditions. "Carpet" tapes. bordered on both sides by mulched clearly visible surfaces, they are protected from physical impact from the equipment used to care for the planting, including from soil lumps flying out from under the guns. The protective functions of the "carpet" tapes are the best accumulation on the snow strips in the winter, which contributes to better wintering, including of the mulched plants, and the accumulation of moisture. The dense sheet canopy of "carpet" tapes softens the temperature and humidity fluctuations of the soil and the surface air layer, creates a favorable microclimate for plant growth within the stripes.

 On collection plots, plants of "carpet" tapes serve as a kind of safety fund of preserved samples. In the case of the death of mulched, free-growing plants are used to repair plantings.

 Some spatial isolation between newly laid and original tapes, separation of vegetative offspring from uterine plants immediately after its rooting, sterility of the mulching coating contribute to the fact that young plants, despite the proximity of sites of possible concentration of harmful pathogens, find themselves in favorable phytosanitary conditions, despite the fact that re-laying is carried out within the same area. This factor, as well as the possibility of a targeted selection of the most healthy vegetative organs during each subsequent partial re-laying, allows for the natural healing of cultivated plantations and maintaining them in good condition for a long period, completely eliminating or minimizing the use of pesticides, as well as special production healthy planting material.

 In the proposed method, measures for the improvement of plantations are natural and inevitably associated with technological operations for the very re-laying of plantings, therefore, they do not require special efforts. Maintaining a high phytosanitary level during periodic vegetative self-renewal of plantings is associated with the ability of vegetatively propagated plants, still unclear reasons, in vivo, even with severe infection of uterine plants, to form vegetative formations that are completely free from pathogens for some time, which, if promptly the isolation is regenerated into independent healthy plants.

 With partial re-laying of strawberry plantations, the old "carpet" tapes are eliminated along with the mulch ones. For this purpose, conventional cutters are used. Milling is carried out along the very edge of the left tapes, whose contours at the same time serve as a good guide. The mulching coating from extruded organics of liquidated tapes is easily crushed by the working bodies of the milling cutters and embedded in the soil as a regular organic fertilizer. The vegetative mass of strawberry plants is also well crushed and decomposes quickly after being embedded in the soil.

 In order to more intensively use the cultivated area, to reduce costs associated with regulating the density and age composition of tree shoots of cultivated plants, the total period of keeping individual plants within the plantation is limited by the age limit of the highest productivity of their individual branches. When growing tree shrubs, reducing to a minimum the period of plant maintenance makes it unnecessary to carry out such a laborious operation as cutting old branches. The shoots of perennial plants bring a tangible income only up to a certain age, after which their further stay in the crown becomes economically inexpedient. In known methods of growing, the periods of plant maintenance are much longer than the periods of the maintenance of their individual branches, which forces to periodically conduct a partial vegetative renewal of the same plants during the operation of the plantings. The optimal age composition of the shoots is maintained due to thinning cutting of the bushes or complete mowing of their entire aboveground vegetative mass at a height of 20-30 cm from the soil surface level. Partial and complete rejuvenation of the source plants is expensive and not effective enough due to the short period of action. The old root systems, completely exhausted by the intense unilateral action of perennial plants of the same culture, the potential of the soil layer in the rows does not allow to significantly increase the productivity of rejuvenated crops. The total period of operation of the plantations is somewhat extended, but the costs associated with rejuvenation and further maintenance of the aged bushes are not comparable with the income that could be obtained by growing young plants on the same area at the same time.

 In connection with these features, the proposed method provides for a reduction in the period of maintenance of individual plants to the economically inappropriate age of their individual branches and a complete rejection of anti-aging scraps with the exception of selective sanitary. So, in particular, the branches of black currant are most productive at 4-5 years of age, after their productivity drops sharply. Therefore, when cultivating this crop by the proposed method, the total period of keeping individual plants, regardless of whether they were planted on the cultivated area in the form of ready-made plants, or obtained as a result of vegetative propagation of the original plants during the partial re-laying of the already exploited plantation, is limited to this period , plus 1 maximum 2 years required for the initial build-up of shoots after laying the ribbons. This amount corresponds to the total number of plants of different ages in individual bands.

 The elimination of old tapes of wood crops, accumulating during the growing period a significant mass of strong shoots compared with strawberries requires much more effort. With a special device, all shoots of liquidated tapes are mowed, crushed and scattered between the left strips of perennial plants, immediately closing the crushed mass into the soil, where it is quickly utilized under the influence of microflora and constant tillage during cultivation of various additional annual crops in these areas. Shredded branches are not scattered between the ribbons inside the bands of perennial plants themselves for phyto-sanitary reasons. The relatively small age of the liquidated perennials allows us to avoid the laborious uprooting and removal of bushes from the re-planted stands, to use their vegetative mass as organic fertilizer, without reducing the phytosanitary level of production. After removal of the aboveground organs, the liquidated tapes are several times disc and milled until the complete destruction of the remains of bushes capable of resuming growth.

 When growing wood crops with a high rooting rate of annual wood, partial replanting of stands is carried out by lignified cuttings harvested from annual shoots intended for elimination or left tapes. For harvesting cuttings, the most healthy and aligned shoots are selected. One of the distinguishing features of the feed method is that when cutting new tapes, the cuttings are planted on a combined mulch coating, consisting of two materials with different light transmission, or one, but with a surface that is not uniform in this indicator. When using pressed organic matter as a mulch, mulching tapes with ready-made landing holes are placed on top of the soil surface with ready-made landing holes, a thin transparent polymer film is applied, which covers the entire above-ground surface of the carrier, lightproof coating or only one landing nests. The polymer film is welded to the surface of the pressed mulch under the action of high temperature in separate seams. A sufficiently strong connection of the film with pressed tapes is necessary only for the period of rooting of the cuttings. The combination of organic and polymer mulching materials is carried out with the same device that directly forms and lays on the surface of the soil a passaged organic ribbon, or by simple application, while spreading and fixing them in the soil. Local application of polymer films, closing only the landing holes with them is most optimal, as it reduces the amount of film consumed and makes production more environmentally friendly.

 For partial re-laying of plantings with cuttings, light-tight polymer films can also be used that have local translucent areas in the places where the cuttings are supposed to be planted.

 When filling the stacked combined mulching tapes, the cuttings are planted in the soil directly through a transparent polymer film so that the highest point slightly rises above the surface of the film or is at the level of the hole in it. As a result, the cuttings planted on the combined mulch are in completely nesting top nests with especially favorable conditions for rooting their underground part.

 It is known that for the successful rooting of lignified cuttings, moisture and soil temperature play a decisive role. In order to create optimal hydrothermal regimes for rooting vegetative formations separated from mother plants when growing seedlings in specially designated areas, large-sized cultivation structures of various designs are usually used. However, the use of greenhouses for the propagation of tree crops has significant disadvantages. In addition to the high costs associated with the construction and operation of protected ground structures, the plants grown in them are completely placed in conditions of elevated temperature. As a result, there is an excessive stretching of the shoots in length, the resistance of plants to adverse conditions of open ground is reduced. The quality of planting material is deteriorating. There is a need for hardening seedlings before planting.

 Also known is a method of growing planting material, in which lignified cuttings are planted early in the spring on the ridges previously prepared since autumn, covered with a transparent polymer film before planting. Landing holes in the film are made in advance or directly by the cuttings themselves at the time of planting. As a result, the underground part of the shank, which needs rooting at elevated temperature, finds itself in hydrothermal conditions similar to protected ground in large-sized cultivation structures. In this case, the aboveground organs of plants develop above the film, in open ground conditions, and undergo natural hardening in the process of growing. A transparent film creates a greenhouse effect in a thin layer of air between its lower surface and soil, sufficient to warm the mulched soil to a considerable depth. However, a continuous coating with transparent films stimulates not only the rooting of planted cuttings, but also promotes rapid germination of weeds, a certain supply of seeds of which can be found in mulched soil. Weeds intensively growing under the film are not accessible for manual weeding until the mulch is eliminated at the end of the growing season. Shading the mulched soil surface, weeds prevent the creation of optimal conditions for the rapid rooting of planted cuttings. They lift the film above the soil surface with their mass and, thereby violating the tightness of the mulched surface specified at the time of laying out the coating, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the greenhouse effect. Absorbing nutrients intended for growing plants, weeds slow their growth, reducing the quality of planting material. With continuous spreading of transparent films, the influence of weeds on rooted cuttings is completely eliminated through the use of such expensive and environmentally unsafe measures for pre-planting soil as fumigation, introduction of herbicides into the mulched zone.

 Separate cases of using combined mulching are known. At the same time, the device of organo-polymer mulch is, as it were, an inverted analogue to the one proposed, when a thin layer of any crushed organics is applied as a darkener on top of transparent polymer films between the planted cuttings after their initial rooting. However, this method of weed control under the film has low economic efficiency due to the high cost of manual labor both during the application of the organic layer and the elimination of combined mulch. A layer of organic matter interferes with the natural decomposition of photo-selective films and serves as a mechanical obstacle during their subsequent removal from the soil surface. In addition, the use of organic materials only to create a light-tight layer, without improvement with their help in the process of growing the fertility of cultivated soil, is extremely irrational.

 Providing the positive influence exerted by transparent polymer films on the rooting process of lignified cuttings, combined mulching eliminates the disadvantages associated with the continuous spreading of films on the soil surface due to the localization of the transparent coating in the places of direct placement of planted cuttings of future plants. The combined coating protects the mulched surface from weeds much better. Extruded organic ribbons carrying a polymer film on top do not have viable weed seeds and completely inhibit the development of soil contained before mulching. The film welded to the upper surface of the organic tapes is completely located outside the above-ground coating and gradually decomposes subsequently under the influence of sunlight, ensuring the successful rooting of the planted cuttings and the starting development of young plants. It eliminates the need to remove the edges of the film tapes, which are embedded during continuous spreading into the soil, the remains of which clog the cultivated areas. If instead of the photo-selective ones, conventional grades of films are used to perform the combined mulching coating, they are simply stripped off the remains of the pressed tapes at the end of the cultivation and disposed of.

Another distinctive feature of the proposed method of partial re-laying of plantings of wood crops is that when filling mulching tapes, several cuttings are planted at once in each planting nest. The holes in the opaque coating have the shape of rectangles 5x10 cm elongated along the axis of the ribbons in the case of placing two cuttings in each hole and a triangular shape when planting in three. Cuttings are harvested in standard length, with 3-4 buds and planted in soil at an angle of 45-50 ^about . In the first case, when landing, they are oriented along the axis of the tapes, tilting the aerial part toward adjacent landing nests, placing it in the center near the very edge of the short side of the holes. In the second embodiment, the aerial parts of the cuttings are placed in the corners. Triangular openings with sizes of 14, 10, 10 cm are placed on the coating tapes in such a way that their two corners are directed along the axis of the tapes, and the third inward. In both cases, the landing nests on the mulching ribbons are placed according to the zigzag narrow-ribbon pattern described above.

 As a result of this arrangement, the rooted parts of the planted cuttings cross and become concentrated in one small volume of soil, quickly forming a conditionally common root system of one plant in each planting nest. And the proposed direction of growth of growing shoots at the time of planting cuttings is pre-oriented in the direction of free areas on mulching tapes between adjacent planting nests. This allows the resulting plants to more quickly master the nutritional area and the air space under and above the mulched soil surface, to close the aboveground organs into continuous, sufficiently dense tapes that serve as effective natural protection against weeds after the expiration of the protective action of mulching materials.

 Both options for the placement of cuttings are commensurate with production capabilities. Planting three cuttings in the planting nests accelerates the filling of ribbons with the vegetative mass of plants and the productive return of the plantings. But to use this option, it is necessary to harvest and plant more cuttings, which naturally increases costs as well, than with a double one.

 For planting fruiting stands by direct planting of cuttings at the location of the proposed location of the plants growing from them, obtaining one grown plant from one cuttings is not suitable, since with this ratio the entry into the bearing of plantations is significantly delayed. For a single growing season, at best, a plant comes out of one standard cuttings, which, according to the GOST established for planting material, has 1-2 strong shoots, which can suit only an isolated producer of marketable seedlings. The ratio of 1 stalk to 1 fruiting plant does not meet the increased requirements for intensification of production, when the criterion for evaluating the effectiveness is the maximum return of the product in the shortest period of time from a unit of cultivated area and from other means involved. The beginning of the entry into fruiting of industrial plantations, the rate of return of the funds invested in them depends on both the age characteristics of the productivity of individual shoots of individual plants and the total number of fruiting shoots per unit of cultivated area, running meter of tapes. The faster the density of fruiting shoots in the ribbons reaches the optimum value from the moment of planting, the more intensive the production.

 The increased sizes of the landing holes of the bearing coatings, which are completely covered from above with transparent films, are the needs for creating cuttings necessary for their successful rooting of the greenhouse effect in the area where the cuttings are located. The reduction in the area of the permeable windows of the mulch causes deterioration for the rooting of the hydrothermal regime in the planting nests. Excessive increase in the risk of emergence and intensive development in the zone of rooting of weeds. Based on these features, in each case, determine the size of the translucent windows of the combined mulch.

 Propagation by lignified cuttings is one of the risky methods of vegetative propagation, since the separated parts of the shoots are deprived of plastic material from uterine plants, compared with layering, in which the relationship between the uterine and daughter plants, which is functioning throughout the entire initial rooting period, provides a reliable guarantee of successful propagation and obtaining a strong vegetative offspring. The proposed method, due to the creation of particularly favorable conditions for the rooting of vegetative formations immediately separated from the uterine specimens, their group placement in the planting nests, allows re-planting of the plantations without any particular risk directly by planting the cuttings directly in open ground at a constant place of cultivation, bypassing specialized areas of the nursery.

 When rooting plants, in particular raspberries, are grown, partial re-laying of plantings is carried out by root and stem-root cuttings, which are harvested at the time of elimination of old tapes. Stem-root cuttings are easier to plant, since the stem part left above the soil surface serves as a handle during the deepening of the root into the soil. The lateral lobes before planting at the stem-root cuttings are shortened almost to the axial shoot so that they do not interfere when landing through translucent membranous windows. Under the combined mulch, in especially favorable hydrothermal conditions of the greenhouse effect, the root system is quickly restored. On the aerial part of the stem-root cuttings after planting, there should be no leaves. The stem, aerial part of the cuttings has a length of 3-4 cm, the root 5-6 cm. In the planting nests, the stem-root and root cuttings are placed in the same way as wood, with a large penetration of root cuttings into the soil. The use of the main organs of vegetative propagation of root shoot crops of underground shoots to fill individual planting nests of mulching tapes is problematic due to the inability to direct shoots invisible from above underground to the right places.

 For vegetative self-renewal of plantings of raspberries and blackberries, pulp propagation and rooting of the attached tops of annual shoots are also used. In most varieties of these crops have shoots of sufficient length to evenly fill with apical layers of newly laid tapes. In this case, the interval between the nearest planting nests diagonally is 0.4-0.5 m, and along the lines coinciding with the axis of the tapes, -0.75-0.85 m. When growing root crops, mulch coatings used for partial re-laying plantings should have such properties that the next year after laying, they no longer interfere with the emergence of offspring growing from the original plants on the soil surface, filling the vegetative mass of the allotted space.

 The proposed method of vegetative self-renewal of stands solves such a difficult problem as planting plants on laid tapes of dense mulch coatings. In order to carry out this operation, in the known methods, it is necessary to dig a hole opposite each planting hole, which is not so easy to do due to the limited size of the tape holes, and then carefully, trying not to damage, put the root system of the planted plant through the hole in the mulch, spread it in the hole, if it is not covered by the germinated membrane, and cover it with soil. The most problematic such landing when using planting material with a bare root system.

 Currently, a number of devices designed to use planting material with a closed root system have been created to facilitate mulch planting from polymer films. However, these devices are quite expensive and not every gardener can be used, especially in small areas. Filling the planting nests of mulching tapes with unrooted vegetative organs or parts of them takes much less effort, since there is no need for operations such as digging holes, immersing in them and subsequent patching of the roots. The least time consuming fixation of strawberry sockets. To plant the cuttings it is necessary to spend a little more effort, since their lower ends have to be immersed in the ground.

 Layout patterns, the size of planting nests on mulching ribbons during the cultivation of woody shrubs have their own proportions, based on the biological characteristics of each cultivated crop and growing conditions. Due to a significant reduction in the total period of maintenance of individual plants on the plantations, during which they do not have time to reach maximum sizes, a reduction in the diagonal intervals between adjacent plants inside the tapes and between adjacent tapes inside the strips is provided, in comparison with the layout of plants used in the known methods. So, when growing black and red currants, the minimum distance between adjacent source plants in rows is 0.6-0.8 cm. In the proposed method, when growing these crops, the intervals between the nearest bushes diagonally in the ribbons are 40-50 cm, between rows 0 , 15-0.2 m, between adjacent plants in rows 0.75-0.8 m, between adjacent ribbons in bands of 1.6-1.8 m instead of 3 m in known. For gooseberries, respectively, 50-60 cm, 0.25-0.3 m, 0.85-0.9 m, 1.8-2 m, taking into account the more spreading bushes of this culture.

 When growing individual crops or varieties with a low percentage of rooting of lignified cuttings, a method of propagation by arcuate layers is used for vegetative renewal of plantings. You can get new plants using layering only in the immediate vicinity of the uterine bushes, in the zone limited by the length of rooted shoots. Leaving young plants at the rooting site for further cultivation and obtaining marketable products from them is inappropriate. Adults located in the immediate vicinity of the cuttings on adjacent tapes that have grown significantly in size will inevitably drown them out with their above-ground mass. In collection areas where harvesting is not the main purpose of growing, and therefore the period of plant maintenance can be reduced to a minimum of 2-3 g, rapprochement of adjacent ribbons in strips, including uterine ones with newly laid to 0.7-0, is allowed , 8 m. Older plants with this content do not have an economically noticeable negative effect on the recently rooted nearby. The changeability is so fast that the plants grown do not have time to reach large sizes and have strong competition with each other for the area of nutrition.

 On industrial plantations with a much longer period of plant maintenance, such a dense placement in strips is unacceptable. To realize the potential productivity of plants, the distance between the uterine and newly laid ribbons should slightly exceed the length of the gooseberry shoots. However, the separate receipt of layering within the uterine tapes with their subsequent separation, transfer and disembarkation on mulching tapes previously laid at an optimal distance from the uterine tapes is not entirely rational. In this case, a lot of manual labor should be spent on growing layering, especially on digging it. Damage to the root system of detachable layering delays their subsequent growth after landing at a constant place. The process of planting plants with branched bare roots in small planting holes, the correct incorporation of roots into the ground through mulch is problematic. In particular, when planting lignified cuttings, this problem does not arise, since the part of the cuttings immersed in the soil has a minimum cross section and high strength, and it is easy to pierce polymer films if necessary.

 In order to eliminate these contradictions, a variant of the proposed method is based on the initial rooting of the cuttings near the uterine plants, directly in the protective zone of the uterine tapes, with the subsequent separation and movement of the cuttings to a constant growing place within the same bands. Removal of newly laid tapes from the uterine ones bordering on them should be sufficient to provide an optimal feeding area for normal fruiting.

 This operation is carried out through the use of a mobile structure of a mulching coating that carries closed landing nests in its thickness with the volume of the nutrient substrate necessary for the initial rooting of layering. The mulching coating is made in the factory by way of extruded natural organic materials, hydrophobic paper or other light, strong, self-decomposing materials, in the form of separate strips 1.1.5 m long with a corrugated bottom surface, joined when laying on the ground surface in continuous tapes. In the known construction of a mulching coating of pressed organic matter, the lower corrugated side abutting against the surface of the soil serves to improve air exchange between the mulched soil and the external environment.

 In the supplied construction of the coating, the lower protrusions simultaneously serve as a kind of frame supporting in their plane separate, completely closed in the lower part pot-like landing nests in addition to a relatively flat protective sheet located on top of the parallel to the soil surface.

 In order to give planting nests sufficient size for the initial development of rooted cuttings in them, the total thickness of the coating strips is in the range of 5-7 cm, depending on the biological characteristics of the cultivated crop and variety. Due to the corrugation and high initial strength of the mulching materials, despite the high bulk, the coating strips have low weight and material consumption. The configuration features of the lower surface of the mulching strips allow them to be dragged along the soil surface. The supporting protrusions have the form of solid, parallel to each other ridges. During the re-laying of the stands, the supporting protrusions of the mulching strips laid parallel to the uterine tapes are perpendicular to the plant tapes and row spacings. When moving strips with rooted layers to a constant place, the supporting protrusions play the role of runners that facilitate the retreating as a result of a decrease in soil resistance.

 Planting nests are placed in the plane of the coating strips so that after laying their base is directly in contact with the soil surface. Why the base of the nests are located at the same level with the vertices of the supporting projections of the strips. The side walls of the planting nests have a minimum thickness, ensuring their integrity only for the period from the initial rooting of layering near the uterine plants and until the filled tapes are moved to a permanent place. After that, the bottom and side walls of the planting nests under the action of the roots of intensively growing layering should be quickly destroyed, without interfering with their normal development. The diameter of the landing nests is 10-12 cm.

 During the manufacture of coating strips, planting nests are immediately filled with a special nutrient substrate, which consists of dry, crushed organic materials (peat) and mineral nutrients necessary for accelerated initial development of plants. The landing nests filled to the very top are covered with pieces of transparent, photo-selective polymer film, welded with a continuous seam along the edges of the holes. In addition to creating favorable temperature and humidity regimes for rooting layering, the film simultaneously fixes the nutrient substrate in the planting nests, which allows you to freely store, transport at any distance from the manufacturing sites and lay cover strips in the field. Having ensured the successful rooting of the layers, the polymer film spontaneously decomposes or peels off the supporting coating web.

 With a partial re-laying of plantings, the delivered strips are first joined in continuous tapes laid close to and parallel to the uterine. The interval between layered layering and uterine tapes should be such as to ensure fast, selective filling of the planting nests of the cover with the most healthy and aligned shoots. For nailing in the planting nests, only annual shoots are selected. During the bending of the selected shoot with the pointed end of the stud, a direct cut is made on a polymer film, through which the bent shoot section is immersed in the nutrient substrate of the landing nest. The next step is to fix the shoot in the landing nest with a hairpin. At the same time, the vertical pin of the stud, immersed in the soil through the entire thickness of the coating, makes a small hole in the bottom of the planting nest, which improves water and air exchange between the isolated coating substrate and the arable layer of soil. If the coating is made of pressed organics, a sufficient amount of water and oxygen flows naturally into the planting nests. In contact with the soil surface, the base of the nests, like a wick, absorbs water from the outside and transfers planting nests to a conditionally isolated nutrient substrate. When mulch is made entirely of polymer films, hydrophobic papers, the role of the studs made in the bottom of the holes nests for supplying rooting shoots with water and oxygen increases significantly. If necessary, 2-3 holes are made at once in the bottom of one landing nest.

 After rooting, the layers are separated from the uterine plants, cutting off the bent shoots 7-8 cm to the edge of the planting nests. These sites, as well as the tops, are directly involved in the initial formation of the crown of the resulting plants. Then the studs are removed and the strips of the coating, together with the separated layering, are moved to a permanent growing place, which is economically feasible from the uterine tapes, allowing mechanized care of the plantation to be carried out without hindrance and maximizing the potential productivity of the grown plants.

 Before moving the filled tapes, at the place of their intended location, first ditches of such dimensions are cut so that when installing mulch strips in them, the landing nests, respectively, along with the roots of the layering, are completely immersed in the soil, and the upper surface of the coating remains outside, performing in the initial period of plant development protective functions. Thanks to the mulching coating device, the layers are received, moved, planted with a closed root system and at the same time throughout this cycle they are protected by mulch. Moving strips with layering produce a special hook-shaped grippers. Each successive strip is captured immediately from two sides and dragged to a ditch, in which it is joined sequentially, forming a continuous tape from individual stripes. The movement is carried out in the same sequence as when filling with layering. High initial strength of the coating, light weight, a relatively short period of time from the moment of pinning, the beginning of root formation at the cuttings and until they are separated from the uterine plants, for which the roots do not have time to penetrate and gain a foothold in the soil, thereby preventing movement, this facilitates this operation and allows conduct it at a high performance level.

 The proposed method of re-laying can also be used when growing apple trees on weak clonal rootstocks. It is especially important for the creation of meadow gardens, which are based on super-dense placement of plants and artificial maintenance of shoots of cultivated plants at the age of 2-3 years, due to periodic mowing over the site of grafting of the whole aerial mass of plants. At the same time, the shoots are mowed together with the fruits above the vaccination site with special combines, which, compared to manual harvesting, makes harvesting much easier. This content is most relevant to modern requirements for intensive production. However, the laying of meadow gardens with separately grown planting material requires large initial costs, which are the main obstacle to their widespread use.

 In the proposed method, when laying the initial bands, rows of weakly stocks are first planted. Then, after the growth of a sufficient number of strong shoots on one side of the rows of rootstocks, mulch tapes are laid, joined from separate strips with closed landing nests filled with nutrient mixture. Stacked tapes are successively filled with weighed and pinned rootstock shoots. When laying, only a certain part of the total number of shoots of the uterine tapes is used. The shoots that were not used for filling continue to grow and, as they reach the diameter of the stem of 0.6-0.8 cm, are ennobled in the same or next year. The rootstocks are grafted with grafts by grafting in the early spring, in the second year after regrowth, by budding during the summer sap flow in the first year or the next, depending on the total number of shoot diameters optimal for budding in the zone of the root neck of shoots. For refinement, 3-4 shoots are immediately selected in each planting nest, which contributes to an increase in the density of fruit-bearing tapes. Landing nests with a zigzag pattern are placed in rows whose lines coincide with the axis of the tapes after 0.45 cm, adjacent to the tapes diagonally through 0.25 m.

 After sufficiently rooting, the tapes filled with layering of the rootstock are separated from the uterine tapes and moved to a permanent place of cultivation, where they subsequently also serve in the first year as uterine for the formation of new newly laid tapes of rootstocks, and are refined with cultivars in the second. Thus, the basis for updating the strips of the cultivated apple tree is the periodic laying of new stock root tapes. Moreover, each filled strip of apple trees in the process of growing simultaneously consists of a certain number of ennobled, already bearing and only bearing fruiting tapes of different ages, on the one hand, and one regular uterine ribbon of stocks on the other. Due to the elimination of tapes of grafted plants of the deadline for the maintenance and formation of new tapes of rootstocks, continuous one-sided movement of strips through the territory of the stands is carried out.

In order to increase the multiplication factor rootstocks their shoots when filling mulching tapes stacked is not perpendicular but at an angle of ^45-50 ° to the axis of the strips, each fixing bends escape landing in two sockets. At the same time, for reliability of fixing in the nests, the shoots are intertwined.

 Cuttings of cultivars for the refinement of stocks tapes are harvested from shoots of liquidated tapes of grafted plants, or on specialized mother liquors.

 Tape mulching with materials that are clearly visible on the soil surface eliminates the need for orientation of only one plant during mechanized agrotechnical measures. Unlike fully formed, original plant tapes with sufficiently large crowns, only new tapes laid during the next re-laying of stands without the presence of mulching materials would be hardly distinguishable. As the height of planted vegetative formations is rooted, the need for mulching ribbons, as in the main indicators of the location of the laid rows, disappears.

 In addition to protection against weeds on the starting growth period, mulch coatings are also important for protecting newly planted vegetative formations from bouncing from under tillage tools that simply pass through the aisles of machinery, clods of soil, especially for strawberries, whose plants suffer very much from soil obstruction and at an older age.

 A perennial crop that is constantly grown, periodically updated with the help of vegetative propagation, as well as in the well-known north-turns, is alternated with a set of specially selected one-year additional crops and methods of keeping the soil in space and time, but at the same time with the aim of increasing the concentration of productive forces and increasing the efficiency of using the area and invested in pre-planting soil preparation and post-planting care of plantings, reducing the number of simultaneously cultivated crops tur, this alternation is not on separate demarcated fields, and within a single plantation, due to many years of band interleaving and other annual crops.

 The strips of a perennial culture are a kind of planting frame periodically moving along the surface of the original area, between which are located intermediate strips synchronously moved with them, alternately occupied by crops of various additional crops and black steam. Strips of perennial plants consist of separate ribbons formed at different times. During the initial planting of stands, each strip consists of only one or several adjacent, simultaneously planted tapes. The vegetative offspring of the original tapes in the second year after the bookmark is already used for sequentially shaping the remaining missing tapes. After the total number of tapes of perennial plants of different ages in the strips reaches the value specified for the given crop, they begin to partially re-plant the stands. From this moment, at the same time as each new bookmark of a new tape is destroyed, one of the oldest tape in the age in all planting strips is destroyed.

 The gap between the ribbons inside the strips when growing garden strawberries is occupied by freely placed plants. At the same time, the strips consist of only two mulched ribbons with a "carpet" located between them. The total period of keeping solitary, mulched plants in the most favorable conditions is two years. In the first year, plants are planted on a mulching tape and in the spring of the next season they bear fruit for the first time. Then, immediately after the first fruiting, they act as uterine during a partial re-laying of the plantations, and, having bereaved for the second time, the next year, during the next re-laying, they are eliminated. The period of plant maintenance "carpet" tapes is only one year. Leaving them for a longer period is impractical, since they are grown in worse cramped conditions than mulched. Starting to intensively form vegetative offspring after the first fruiting, they would inevitably lead to a supersaturation of “carpet” tapes to plants, sharply reducing the overall yield of “carpet” tapes in the second year and worsening phytosanitary conditions in the bands.

 With the exception of wild strawberries, when growing the rest of perennial crops, the space between the uneven ribbons in the strips is kept under black vapor. On both sides of the extreme in the bands of perennial plants ribbons, behind the edges of the mulching coatings, when sowing annual, additional crops in the intermediate strips, one rut is left that serves to pass during the growing season the technique used to care for both perennial and annual crops.

 The proposed method of replanting perennial plantations in connection with the elimination of the need for special cultivation or purchase of planting material significantly reduces the cost of production. As a result, it became possible, at low material costs, to maximally compact the layout of perennial plants, while simultaneously reducing their maintenance period. After all, the shorter the maintenance period, the smaller the plants have time to reach and the less they can be placed in ribbons. In turn, the reduction of the content period has a positive effect on the phytosanitary level of cultivation, on the quality of the products obtained. Plants do not have time to undergo age-related changes that reduce their natural resistance to diseases and pests. Relatively young, fruit-bearing plants are weakly affected by pathogens and give not only healthy products, but also form healthy vegetative offspring, used to renew plantings.

 Thanks to these features, it became possible to reduce the intervals between adjacent ribbons of perennial plants in strips. When growing shrubs, their width is 1-1.5 m instead of the usual 2-3 m and are kept under black vapor. Intermediate belts of the tilled soil during planting updates move together with the strips and serve as a precursor to the internal crop rotation for perennial and additional annual crops, as well as for the passage of equipment. An insignificant period of detention under black steam, a small width of medjulyans, and good protection by the vegetative mass of cultivated plants, both perennial and annual, reduce the negative impact of adverse environmental conditions and processing equipment on the soil of these areas, making severe erosion unlikely.

 When cultivating perennial crops, with the exception of strawberries, which have the shortest period of exploitation, it is practically impossible to create, based on the requirements of well-known crop rotations, the required quantity for the annual renewal of individual plantings of different ages, since in this case they would have to have at least 15-20 for such crops like currants, gooseberries, and for the apple tree even more. At the same time, each planting should be isolated, planned, huge funds would go into annual bookmarks, including long-term soil preparation, separate cultivation of planting material or external procurement, etc. On the other hand, it is believed that such a goal is not necessary to pursue. After entering the time of commercial fruiting, plantations give stable yields, approximately the same, despite the difference in age. However, in order to stabilize production, it is better to have a mixed composition of cultivated plants, starting from annuals and ending with the maximum age, especially when the period of keeping the plants is reduced to the limit so as to carry out their timely replacement and ensure scientifically based alternation with other crops.

 The total number of plant ribbons of different ages in the strips is equal to the period of the content of individual plants of cultivated perennial crops. With each subsequent re-laying of the planting, the extreme ribbons of the strips, the period of plant maintenance of which by this time has expired, are eliminated and at the same time they are replaced and formed by new ones at the opposite edge of the strips. Placing in strips on opposite sides of the maximum age and young plants allows vegetative offspring, from the general condition of which, starting from the planting itself, the further functioning of the plantings depends, to be placed in the most favorable areas from the phytosanitary point of view immediately after the previous annual crops, next to the youngest tapes, thereby preventing the possible re-reflection of the newly planted material from older individuals. At each subsequent vegetative renewal of stands, the strips are shifted towards one of the boundaries of the site.

 For the initial bookmark of the stands, strictly rectangular sections are selected. Planted ribbons of plants should be parallel to the boundaries of the area designated for initial placement and taking into account their subsequent displacements of the site. When planting is organized, taking into account the step of moving the strips, the initial scheme is determined in such a way that a free gap in the form of a wide band is completely filled, shifted by him ribbons of perennials after the first series of 5-6 re-bookmarks. This gap serves as a kind of reserve field, necessary to increase the area covered by perennial plantings and to keep the total number of strips, as well as their quantitative and qualitative compositions constant. The reserve strip is parallel to the plant ribbons and should be at least one gap in width between adjacent bands of perennial plants. With one-sided movement, the strips inevitably abut against one of the boundaries of the plot; Re-laying with shifting the strips in the opposite direction is impractical for phytosanitary reasons, since in this case rooting of vegetative formations would take place next to the plants of the maximum age, which are a possible source of infection, on the soil sections, just freed from perennial plants, and did not have time to "rest" from them. Partial re-laying of plantings provides for the interchangeability of not only individual tapes of perennial plants, but also entire strips. After completing the entire reserve plot, the strip that approached the plantation border during further re-laying is no longer updated and gradually as a result of the ongoing elimination of tapes of maximum age, after a certain time, they completely disappear from the plantation.

 At the same time, in order to maintain a constant number of fruiting tapes of perennial plants, to replace the next liquidated strip, a new strip of perennial plants is laid and formed on the opposite border of the site. At the time of elimination of the first tape that approached the boundary of the extreme strip section, the first replacement strip tape is laid at the same time, which is formed in the same way as the original tapes of the originally laid planting with the help of mulch coatings previously spread on the soil surface and planting separately grown healthy planting material, or in the case of a high phytosanitary level of cultivation harvested directly on this plantation. After laying the first, a further increase in the number of tapes of different ages in the substitution bands is carried out by successive vegetative propagation of the first tapes.

 The reserve area is occupied in the same way as the gaps between the bands of perennial plants by sowing annual additional crops. Such an organization of plantations makes it possible to maintain both the total number and the composition of plants of the main perennial crop of different ages at one specific level. However, this variant of the method of maintaining vegetatively updated stands is not suitable for the maintenance of collection plots, since along with the strips being eliminated, the preserved samples would also be lost. At the same time, the complete transfer of plants or their individual vegetative parts of liquidated tapes to the opposite border of the stands is laborious and problematic in terms of maintaining the genetic purity and physical safety of the transported samples. Therefore, in these stands, the unilateral movement of the renewed strips has been replaced by a reciprocal, with a reduction in the period of maintenance of individual plants to a minimum of 2-3 years. When approaching the border of the extreme lane section, the renewal is suspended for one to two years in order to allow the soil “just released” from perennial plants to “rest”, and then the plantations begin to be repositioned, moving in the opposite direction. In turn, gradually shifting the extreme strip on the opposite side of the plantation to the second, longitudinal border of the land, the re-laying is again stopped, after which the planting is again beginning to move in the opposite direction. In this sequence, vegetative updating of the plantation is carried out to "infinity". The maximum reduction in the period of maintenance of individual plants allows even to the detriment of productivity to maintain a high phytosanitary level, which is the basis for the successful preservation of the gene pool of the main task of collection plantings. For a short period of growing plants do not have time to realize potential productivity, and therefore this option is not economically feasible on industrial plantations, oriented to obtain maximum yields from cultivated plants.

 In addition, the reduction of the period of content, and therefore the number of tapes of different ages in the strips, on the collection stands will allow more efficient use of the cultivated area to accommodate the maximum number of stored samples.

 The organization of plantings by the proposed method eliminates the main disadvantages of the well-known cultural revolutions due to the concentration of their individual, often scattered sites, within the same area. Different-age, alternately re-laying in the strip strips of perennial plants replace individual fields of alternation, while performing the same functions. Intermediate stripes replace in a similar way, individual alternating fields occupied in cultivation by sowing additional annual crops. At the same time, the very nature of the sequential alternation of different cultures in time and space, borrowed from well-known cultural revolutions, is fully preserved.

 The close arrangement of perennial plants of different ages in the strips contributes to the natural protection of young plants, only rooted, vegetative formations by adult plants from adverse environmental conditions, and the creation of a favorable climate in the growing zone. When planting, the initial ribbons of the planted plants are oriented in such a way as to provide optimal illumination for growth and fruiting. The direction of the successive age-related alternation of ribbons in the stripes is chosen taking into account the wind rose. Ribbons with older plants, with large habit and stability, are located on the side of adverse winds. The young plants that appear behind them are protected by the canopy of their aboveground organs from the action of cold, dry air currents.

 The concentration of plants of different ages in the bands allows, due to the concentration of productive forces, prevention of their dispersion in space in separate fields, as in well-known crop rotations, it is more effective to carry out agrotechnical care (tillage, fertilizing, etc.), as well as harvesting. The first harvests of young plants only entering into bearing fruit are harvested together with adults.

 The width of the intermediate strips during the initial planting of plantings is calculated on the basis that perennial plants should return to their original place when re-laying not earlier than after 4-5 years. During this period of time, the soil should completely recover after the unilateral impact of plants of a perennial culture. Thus, the interval between the strips of perennials is 4-5 times the width of the mulched ribbons plus the distance between adjacent ribbons in the strips themselves. Since the maintenance period of individual perennial plants has been reduced to a minimum, 2-3 years may be sufficient for soil restoration, in contrast to 4-5 accepted in the well-known cultural revolutions. Accordingly, the interval between adjacent bands decreases.

 Annual crops are selected as additional ones, which serve as good predecessors of perennial crops, and compatible with them while cultivating in the same area and close proximity. At the same time, annuals are entrusted with the task of protecting the plants of the main crop from adverse environmental conditions, if not completely eliminating the undesirable effects, then maximizing their mitigation, creating a favorable microclimate for all simultaneously cultivated crops throughout the planting. For this purpose, annual crops with a sufficiently high stem are selected that can well extinguish the wind.

 As a result, the additional crops in the feed method perform several functions at once: they serve as predecessors for perennials, backstage and at the same time generate income as ordinary commercial crops.

 The ability to cultivate over the entire planting area in a certain period of time only one or a small set of additional annual crops greatly simplifies production. The sequence of change of annual and perennial culture remains the same as in ordinary culture rotation.

 As additional crops for the implementation of the feed method, cereals and legumes are best suited. When cultivating strawberries for partial re-planting of stands for expanding mulching ribbons, the land area must be vacated even before the ripening and harvesting of annual plants. The soil of the sites of the proposed placement of tapes is prepared in advance, covering 7-10 days before re-laying the plants of additional crops located on them, the vegetative mass of which at the same time serves as siderates. Under the reserve is 1 / 3-1 / 4 of the entire area of the intermediate strips. On the remaining area of the strips, annual plants are left to produce the final product. The soil is plowed up after harvesting. The areas released from under the used tapes of perennial plants are intensively milled until the end of the growing season.

 A short period of time from the moment of scenting the green mass to the laying of new ribbons does not interfere with this operation, since the rooting of rosettes takes place immediately at a constant place of cultivation with long-term feeding of their uterine plants through the stored sections of shoots. During the final formation and rooting, isolation of rosettes fixed in the planting nests into independent plants, the vegetative mass of the smelling predecessors completely decays. If strawberry plants were planted in the traditional way during re-planting, immersing the pre-formed root system deep into the arable layer, then the fragrant shoots that did not manage to overthrow by this time would serve as an obstacle. At the same time, earlier smelling of the precursors does not allow to put the maximum mass of valuable green fertilizer, forcing to carry out additional tillage. When fixing rosettes in the planting nests, vegetative residues that are on the soil surface immediately below the base of the rosettes are shifted to the side. The residues that lie deeper at this moment do not interfere with the initial rooting of outlets. As the roots grow, until the scented vegetative organs are rotten, they wrap around them, and then penetrate through them. 1-2 days before laying the mulching tapes, the prepared sections are milled. Mulching coating, contributing to the accumulation of moisture in the soil, accelerates the decomposition of the odorized green manure. When growing crops repackaged in the spring, additional crops are cultivated in continuous strips until they are harvested. Intermediate stripes can deal with black or busy couples. And also, to increase the fertility of the soil, they provide for the periodic cultivation of green manure, smelled simultaneously on the entire area of plantations.

 The proposed method allows more efficient use of the cultivated area and the funds invested in it before and after planting due to the uniform use of absolutely all areas of plantings for growing plants. Each square meter is sequentially occupied by perennial and annual crops without long breaks in time, receiving a certain income from it.

 The rejection of a long-term monoculture of perennial plants due to the creation of mixed plantings and strict territorial fixation of the initial plant distribution patterns within the same area, due to the constant partial re-laying using vegetative propagation of the original plants, and the reduction of the period of keeping individual plants in one place prevent the spread of harmful pathogens and weeds and their accumulation to the extent that exceeds the economic threshold of harmfulness, eliminating or minimizing the use of pesticides. The accumulation of hardly eradicated species of weeds is hindered by the use of effective mulching materials during planting, the relatively small width of ribbons and strips of perennial plants, and the constant alternation of crops in one place.

 When growing undersized crops with low competitiveness, in particular strawberries, plant protection with a mulch coating is provided throughout the entire maintenance period. When growing the rest of the taller crops, mulch protection is carried out only in the initial period of plant development, after which, due to the dense placement, they quickly close in continuous ribbons and successfully resist weeds.

 Excessive accumulation of harmful pathogens is prevented by the presence within the cultivated area of a large number of safe species of insects competing with them for their habitat, including their own parasites, due to the cultivation of several crops at once and the rejection of the intensive use of pesticides. In addition, the strip placement of crops is a natural obstacle to the widespread distribution of specific pathogens that affect only one of the simultaneously cultivated crops.

 The main guideline for growing plants in the given way was taken to greening production by maximizing the proximity of artificial communities from cultivated crops and the rest, including their living organisms, with the possible targeted inclusion of additional specially selected species, to natural self-regulating biocenoses.

In FIG. 1-6 depict variations of the layout of strawberry plants planted on mulching ribbons; in FIG. 1, 4 in an ordinary way; 2, 5 broadband; 3, 6 proposed, with a slight extension of the protective zone of the row, at various intervals between plants. In the case of a distance between neighboring plants of 20 cm in an ordinary arrangement (Fig. 1), there are 6 plants per one linear meter, with a mulched area of 0.3 m ² , with each plant growing in a mulched area of 0.05 m ² ; when broadband, in the case of an interval between rows of 30 cm, respectively 12, 0.6 m ² , 0.05 m ² ; when placed in the feed way 7, 0.4 m ² , 0.05 m ² . Despite the same ratio of the placed plants and the area of the mulched surface, the proposed method is more rational, since when it is used, the plants turn out to be evenly dispersed in the tape, with the strong growth of neighboring individuals, they can shift their above-ground organs, crown crowns towards the aisles. They are given the opportunity to make better use of airspace on a mulched soil surface. With a linearly-rectangular arrangement, the projections of the bushes of neighboring plants overlap more strongly. And if, when placed by the feed method, the "squeezed" plants have the opportunity to "slip" to the side, then with a linear one this possibility is very limited.

In FIG. 4-6 depict in the same sequence variants of placement methods, with reduced intervals between adjacent plants to 15 cm. In this case, when placed in a row (Fig. 4), the number of plants per 1 meter of plants is 7 pcs. the area of the mulched surface is -0.3 m ² , per plant 0.04; when broadband (Fig. 5) in the case of a distance between rows of 40 cm, respectively 14, 0.7 m ² , 0.04; when supplied 11, 0.42 m ² , 0.03. The proposed method in terms of plant density in this case approaches a broadband one and promotes even more intensive use of the mulched area.

 In FIG. 7 shows an example layout of individual crop rotation fields specializing in the cultivation of wild strawberries. The following designations show which crops alternation fields are currently occupied by: 1 black steam + autumn strawberry planting; 2 strawberries of the first year of fruiting; 3 strawberries of the second year of fruiting; 4-9 additional cultures.

 In FIG. Figure 8 shows a fragment of a plantation cultivated by the feed method, in which strawberries are also the main crop. At the same time, strawberry and intermediate strips of different ages are occupied by crops of additional crops, successively alternating within the same area, and correspond to individual fields of the culture turnover depicted above.

 In FIG. 9-12 show the sequence of vegetative renewal of perennial plantations, in this case strawberries; in FIG. 9 shows a fragment of the planting before partial re-laying; in FIG. 10 the moment of elimination of plant tapes of the deadline for maintenance and laying on the opposite side of the strips, on previously prepared soil sections of mulching tapes. Arrows indicate the direction of orientation of the whiskers of the original conditionally uterine plants used to fill rosettes of planting nests of the cover laid next to them.

 In FIG. 11 the same fragment of the planting after re-laying next year; on Fig another year.

 In FIG. Figure 13 shows the moment of approach of the extreme sequentially shifted strip of perennial culture to the border of the plantation, as well as the border area located on the opposite side of the plantation occupied by sowing additional culture and from which the strip of perennial plants completely disappeared as a result of repeated re-laying. From this moment, the extreme strip approaching the border of the site is no longer re-laid and completely destroyed due to the gradual elimination of tapes of the maximum age. Simultaneously with the liquidation of the first tape of an already non-renewable strip on the opposite border of the stand, it is replaced by a tape giving rise to a new strip (Fig. 14, 15). Symbols indicated: 1,3,4 additional cultures, 2 black pairs, 5 tapes of different ages of the main perennial culture.

 In FIG. 16, 17 show a general view and plan of the uterine tape of strawberries and the free tape of the mulching coating filled with its vegetative offspring during a partial re-laying of the plantation; in FIG. 18 the proposed design of the studs for fixing in the planting nests of filled tapes of vegetative shoots; in FIG. 19 and 20, a general view and plan of combined mulch coatings used when replanting perennial plantations with lignified cuttings, planted two in rectangular planting nests and oriented along the axis of the tape; in FIG. 21, 22 mulching tapes with triangular-shaped planting nests, into which three cuttings are already planted, two of which are directed along the axis of the tape, and the third is perpendicular to it inside.

 In FIG. 23, 24 show a general view and plan of the uterine ribbon of the tree culture and the adjacent strips of the combined mulching coating of the mobile structure at the time of filling their landing nests with arcuate layers. These strips carry closed landing nests with a nutrient substrate in their plane and are designed for movement in intermediate strips together with rooted cuttings to a constant growing place, providing the necessary nutritional area for normal plant growth. In this case, the movable strips are immersed at the very top in the pre-prepared grooves.

 The proposed method was implemented as follows. In the collection storehouse of the gene pool of plants of the genus Fragaria L., a special breeding site was set up in 1989 to study the possibility of using tapes from pressed peat as a mulching coating and at the same time for vegetative self-renewal of plantations within a single cultivated area. The plants were planted in three-row blocks, the width of the mulching ribbons was 30 cm. The same distance was between the edges of adjacent ribbons. On each tape, 7 plants were placed. The strips and individual blocks were isolated with black vapor. The width of the insulating strips was 1.5 m. A constant content during the growing season in a plant-free state was necessary to prevent possible creeping shoots from one block to another. Partial re-laying of blocks was carried out by eliminating one of the three tapes simultaneously throughout the site and filling out new outlets laid on the opposite side of the liquidated ones. Selected sockets were fixed in the planting nests of filled tapes with the help of pins, which accelerated their rooting and initial development. The mulching coating reliably protected the area filled with rosettes and cultivated plants from weeds during and after re-laying. Noticeably different in color from the soil and slightly rising above its surface, it served as a good guide when carrying out agrotechnical measures to care for plants.

 The space between the mulched ribbons inside the blocks was quickly filled with free-growing rosettes, mainly of the first order, which, as a result of their dense arrangement, suppressed the growth of many types of weeds, reducing the number of manual weeds required. The constant movement in the space of renewable blocks prevented the accumulation of hard-to-eradicate weed species whose underground organs did not have room for accumulation.

 A preliminary test of the feed method showed its high efficiency and ease of execution.

Claims (8)

 1. A method of maintaining a culture of perennial vegetatively propagated plants, including laying the original plantings and vegetative renewal within the same area, characterized in that the original plants or parts of the vegetative organs are planted in parallel ribbons from adjacent rows with the placement of mulching cover on ribbons, with each plant in row planted in the middle of the interval between two plants of the adjacent row, when laying the site from the planned placement of vegetatively updated offspring they leave a reserve strip equal in width to the intermediate bands that are located between the perennial plant ribbons on the opposite side of the plant ribbon, from the moment of laying the row-spacing of the perennial plants they contain under black steam, and the intermediate and reserve strips are sown annually with one of the additional crops, choosing as an additional crop favorable predecessor for the main long-term culture, as well as on the basis of their biological compatibility while cultivating on the same area, After the beginning of the fruiting of initially planted plants and several years of commercial fruiting, the annual vegetative self-renewal of plantations begins, which consists in laying new tapes on the reserve strip with the simultaneous elimination of the tapes of the original plants from the opposite side, laying the renewal tapes harvested from the currently being liquidated and / or left tapes of perennials by vegetative organs and / or their individual parts, planted according to pre-laying long-acting mulch cover tapes with the expectation that perennial plants return to their original place no earlier than 4-5 years, as the perennial plant ribbon shifts, it gradually occupies the original reserve strip with the release of an equal area on the opposite side of the plot, when approaching the outer boundary of the initial reserve strip of the extreme ribbon of perennial plants and gradually during further movements, the remaining other ribbons following it completely eliminate, to replace its first face idiruemoy belt at the outer boundary area liberated from the other side portion of the new tape from lay detachable vegetative organs and / or parts of plants or crops grown separately planting material, which as self-refresh further vegetative forms a new tape biased in a predetermined direction.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that when breeding strawberries, the inter-seeds in the originally laid ribbons and between renewal tapes are filled with first-order rosettes that are freely distributed on the soil surface, which are liquidated after the first fruiting the next year along with two-year-old plants.  3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that when the plants propagate with lignified stem and root cuttings, two or three cuttings are planted in each planting nest of mulching tapes, while the nests have a rectangular or triangular shape, and when planting, the cuttings are arranged so that their rooted parts in the soil crossed, and the aboveground parts were directed towards the gaps between the planting nests with the subsequent formation of a green wall from growing shoots.  4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that when breeding plants propagated by layering, the latter immediately after rooting near the uterine plants are separated from the uterine plant and transplanted with ribbons with optimal nutritional area.  5. The method according to PP. 1 and 4, characterized in that clonal rootstocks are propagated by the layering method, while rooting of the layering is carried out in segments of mulching material, which is placed near the propagated plant, and after rooting of the layering, segments of the mulching material are moved away from the mother plant and form ribbons in which rootstocks are grown , from the latter they receive the next generation of layering, after which they are ennobled by grafting with the required variety of growing shoots, grafting several shoots at once, but it is necessary the e number of shoots is obtained by shortening the pruning or by lengthening the planting nests in the mulching material, followed by the formation of propagated plants according to the type of meadow gardens or multi-stem bushes.  6. A device for maintaining the culture of perennial vegetatively propagated plants, including a vertical rod and a lateral branch in the upper part for fixing strawberry rosettes on a bed, characterized in that the side branch is made in the form of an open ring for passing a thread connecting all the rods of one bed.  7. A device for maintaining a culture of perennial vegetatively propagated plants, including a tape of mulching material, characterized in that the tape of the mulching material is made with a lightproof coating on the upper surface of a darkened polymer film or of pressed organic material with translucent windows of a polymer film in the area of the planting nests.  8. The device according to p. 7, characterized in that, in order to increase the survival rate of propagated plants by maximally preserving the plant root system, the device is made of pieces of mulching material with cavities filled with a nutrient mixture in the area of planting nests and a corrugated bottom surface, the protrusions of the corrugated surface are arranged in parallel rows perpendicular to the central axis of the mulching bands.

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