SU1240375A1 - Method of cultivating onion set to bulb onion - Google Patents

Description

to

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The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of cultivating agricultural crops.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield and yield of standard products while reducing the labor costs for weed control.

The drawing shows the results of studying the dynamics of the projective cover of the aerial organs of the onion with its continuous sowing with seeds on a turnip and planting on a turnip. .

. Example 1.; As a predecessor, use cereals. Autumn soil preparation is carried out according to the type of semi-pair. Spring wired; d t bora. and pre-sowing cultivation.

Onion sets are sown in a continuous way with a feed area of tO x .10 cm. The best method of sowing onions and cays is done using a precision precision continuous sowing campaign. After sowing, 2-3 times with an interval of 10–15 days, the field is boarded with light arbor.

With the continuous noceBia method of onion-crop on a turnip with a plant nutritional area of 10 X 10 cm, conditions were created to form the maximum yield, T w standard of up to 99% more complete weed suppression: bovine gray hair 1.7 times, highlander bindweed 1.9 times; Mari white: G 3.4 times; Chisteta forgotten 1.9 times; Shifrif species, 11 6 times chicken millet. S 2 times

 Yield without herbicides, inter-field treatments and manual stitches is t with mustard type of contamination 302.2 m / ha, with chistets, mountaineer, bol, tint 384-393 m / ha with width and width of 443-450 m / ha

EXAMPLE 2. The existing methods of sowing seeds from seeds on a turnip are wide-open, with 70 cm between rows, two-line ribbon 20-50 cm, three-line ribbon 40 + 40 -f 60 cm, broadband (band width 8–20 cm, 50 aisle between 62–50 cm) do not provide weed suppression “because at the beginning of the growing season the onion grows slowly and weeds manage to occupy niche space and strongly inhibit the onion, even during interstitial treatments. In this case, herbicides must be applied in rows, lanes, lines.

2s

35

40

45

S5

thirty

This is due to the fact that the root system of onion from seeds develops extremely slowly and does not have time to withstand the competition of weeds, which are more competitive than onions ..

Sowing onion from seeds in square method 10 X 10 Not only does not increase the dominance of cultivated plants, but also reduces it, since single weak onion sprouts are distant from each other, and further convergence of onions in squares leads to overgrowth of sowing and decrease in onion yield.

In the sowing experiment (l977-l980 j; r.), A continuous sowing of seeds of CU x X 10 cm), on average over the years of research, the weed weight is 3677 g / cm against 140 g / m with the broadband sowing method. In the study of the degree of suppression of the main species of weeds with onions from seeds, the results presented in Table 2 were obtained. one.

Table

The mass of weed plants with different methods of sowing LuKa Seeds with a single clogging.

Mustard

field 20691513

f) -.

Highlander

convolvulcumus 2270 1255

Mar Bel 1113 813

Chistets

forgotten 1224,710

Types of shiritsa 1558 484

Chicken

milo 783 88

Baud to gray 1675 1080

Thus, the method of sowing onions with seeds of 10 x 10 cm cannot serve as a basis for weed control, since a large mass of weeds is formed on the variants of continuous sowing of onions grown from seeds than in other sowing methods. This method requires the obligatory use of ramrod herbicides (65% wettable powder) at a dose of 4.6-6.5 kg / ha, Dactal (75 and 50% wetted with powder) at a dose of 8-12 kg / ha .

In addition, onions grown from seeds are characterized by a strong positive allelepathic effect on such common weeds as onions like chicken millet (Echinochloa crus-galli). This is due to the increased release of root physiologically active substances during the period of germination of onion, which leads to the formation of a greater mass of chicken millet in onion sowing as compared to the plots, where weed grows without onions (see Table 2).

Table 2

The condition of chicken millet in the sowing of onions and on deeds where the weed grows without onions with an abundance of 10 pieces / m

In the square sowing, the allelopathic effect of onions is stronger than in the solid, since the physiologically active substances are freely distributed in all directions from the onion seedling.

At the same time, the same sowing of onions with a sevka of 10 X 10 cm reduced the mass of chicken millet 100 times.

The allelopathic ability to stimulate the growth of chicken millet by germinating onions from seeds has also been confirmed by laboratory experiments.

five

five

0

five

From tab. 2 shows that only onion from seeds has the ability to stimulate the germination of chicken millet (the beginning of the ontogenetic cycle of onion development).

Sowing by sevka not only does not stimulate the growth of chicken millet, but also acts on the black extremely depressingly.

Thus, the square (continuous) method of sowing onions from seeds on a turnip does not provide weed suppression, requires the obligatory treatment of onion sowing by herbicides, indicates the exceptional effect of continuous onion sowing by sevka as a means of non-herbicide suppression of weeds.

A new method of continuous sowing onions with a sevka provides better weed suppression than a broadband one, not only due to the development of root systems, but also due to the above-ground mass (see Table 3).

Table3

. Ground organs and root system of onion depending on seeding methods (clean sowing, no weeds)

Sevkomsplochnaya 377.7

Sevcom Broadband 243.6

618.3 76.7 1615

362.5 68.4 713

50

55

Evidence of the maximum dominance of continuous sowing of onions from sevka to turnips, in contrast to continuous

Sowing onions from seeds grown on a turnip is the dynamics of the projective cover.

The data presented in the drawing shows that the projective cover of the seed onions when sowing 10 x 10 cm increases at the end of April-May faster than with continuous sowing of onions with seeds with the same food area configuration. This explains the harsh conditions for weeds with continuous sowing of onions by seedlings compared to onions grown from seeds at precisely the period when the competitiveness of weeds is determined.

It is known that the weed mass is correlated with a projective cover.

In tab. Figure 4 shows the results of a comparison of the weed plant mass, which is formed using the well-known broadband method of sowing onions from seed and new solid (10 X 10 cm). At the same time, it should be noted that with broadband sowing the weeds were destroyed by cultivating between the fields, and in continuous crops they were not fulfilled.

Table 4

The degree of suppression of weeds with onions during razykh sowing

1255

813

710

484

88

2270763561

1113693296 45

1224694110

155811916.6 50

7836,84,2

The dominance and the ability of the weed-55 of the weeds with the square method of sowing onions by sevka (10 x 10 cm) is maximum and increases compared to

with the dominance of onion seed crops.

P r i-M er 3. Continuous sowing of onions from seedlings (10 x 10 cm) provides not only the greatest non-herbicidal suppression of weeds, but also under the conditions of southern black soil on irrigation, the highest yields.

In tab. Figure 5 shows that increasing the yield of onions with the broadband seeding method is not associated with the maximum number of plants per unit area.

Table5

The results of the experiment on the effect of the density of onion stand with the broadband method, sowed (the known method) on onion yield

Example 4. In table. 6 shows the results of a study of the square size of the feed area for the yield of onions grown by the proposed method.

Table

The results of the experiment on the influence of the size of the area of nutrition of onions on yield with continuous sowing of onions by Sevka on a turnip

eight

1560

91230

10 1000

eleven

12 14

830

700 510

321.0

356.0 375.1

368.4

347.0

297.2

2.4

24.2

7124037-8

Thus, only the area of the maximum yield of nytcd at 10x 10 ± 1 cm and a maximum sor-suppressor maximum suppression interval of +1 cm ensure the max. .

Claims (1)

METHOD FOR CROPPING LUKASEVK ON THE RECIPE, including sowing and caring for plants, characterized in that, in order to increase yield and yield standard products while reducing labor costs for the destruction of weeds, sowing is performed in a solid square way according to the scheme from 9 x 9 to 11x11 cm, mainly 10 x 10 cm. 1240 375 J This is due to the fact that the root system of onions from seeds develops extremely slowly and does not have time to resist the competition of weeds, which turn out to be more competitive than onions., Sowing onions from seeds in a square way of 10 x 10 cm not only does not enhance the dominance of cultivated plants. 10 ni, but also reduces it, since single weak onion sprouts are removed from each other, and further approach of the onions in squares leads to overcrowding