RU2173513C2 - Rye cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves cultivating rye on permanent field for many years; sowing half the rye seeding rate by wide-row sowing method first year in autumn; additionally sowing remaining rye part and simultaneously feeding young crop in spring after interrow cultivation of soil between rows of plants sown in autumn. During following years rye is sown in spring between rows of wintered plants of spring sowing. Method allows rye to be cultivated without using herbicides and autumn soil cultivation to be excluded. EFFECT: increased soil fertility and reduced consumption of fertilizer. 1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

 The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to methods of cultivating winter rye.

 A known method of cultivating winter rye is when, in the fall, rye is sown in an ordinary, narrow-row or wide-row way, then they care for the plants, and after harvesting the field is prepared for other crops / I.V. Yakushkin. Plant growing. -M. : State Agricultural Publishing House, 1953. - P.57-60; P.P. Vavilov et al. Plant Growing.- M.: Kolos, 1979.- S. 58-59.

 The disadvantage of this method is the one-year cycle of cultivating rye, when each year it is necessary to select new fields for the crop and annually cultivate the soil for sowing, which increases costs. In addition, when selecting new fields, soil fertility changes and the weediness of crops increases, which reduces yield. The prototype is the cultivation of rye in a constant field for several years (8-10 years), when after harvesting the rye, the soil is cultivated in the fall and again rye is sown in this field in an ordinary way, and so every year. / I.V. Yakushkin. Plant growing. -M .: Gosselkhozizdat, 1953.- S. 53 /.

 The disadvantage of the prototype is the annual cultivation of rye after harvesting the rye and the subsequent ordinary method of sowing with a full rate of sowing seeds, which increases the cost of tillage, preparation and sowing of more seeds.

 To eliminate the above disadvantages in the method, including long-term cultivation of rye in a constant field, in the first year from autumn, half the norm of sowing rye seeds is sown in a wide-row way, and in the spring between the rows of autumn plants, the remaining half of the seed is sown, and in subsequent years, rye is sown in spring between rows of overwintered plants in the spring sowing season. Sowing rye in the spring is carried out with simultaneous top dressing of plants after inter-row cultivation of the soil.

 Harvesting is carried out with full ripening of grain in the usual time. Repeated wide-row rye sowing in the same field with annual row-spacing processing effectively suppresses weed development, reduces seed consumption for sowing and excludes annual soil tillage from autumn, which is necessary for sowing. They do not reduce soil fertility, since rye is the best sanitary crop and, through root excretion and the annual leaving of root residues, promotes the accumulation of humus in the soil. With the continuous cultivation of rye in the same field, the need for herbicides for weed control, as well as increased doses of fertilizers, eliminates the need to grow environmentally friendly products.

 There is no way to cultivate rye in a constant field, including the distinctive features of the claimed, i.e. the initial wide-row sowing of rye in the fall with half the rate of sowing seeds and the subsequent spring sowing of rye in the rows of overwintered plants with the simultaneous processing of row-spacing and top dressing of plants.

 Example. After processing clean steam, in which 40-50 t / ha of manure was introduced, rye was sown with a row spacing of 45 cm with the SST-12A beet seeder in a timely manner (the cells of the sowing discs were bored until a continuous burrowing groove was formed). Seeding rate of 100 kg / ha. In the spring, the USMK-5.4 beet cultivator carried out row-spacing processing with simultaneous feeding of ammonium nitrate (1 kg / ha). Following the SST-12A beet seeder, rye seeds (cultivar Talovskaya 12) were planted in the aisles at a rate of 100 kg / ha. In the fall, the Niva harvester harvested rye while chopping and transporting straw. The seeded plants were left the next year to harvest next year.

 In the future, rye sowing was carried out annually only in the spring in the rows between the wintering rye plants. For each subsequent sowing, inter-row cultivation and feeding of crops with ammonium nitrate were carried out at the rate of 1 kg / ha.

 The proposed method of cultivating rye in a permanent area reduces the cost of weed control, plant lodging, the application of high fertilizer rates, eliminates plowing and pre-sowing continuous cultivation of the soil, reduces the seed sowing rate, which gives a high economic effect.

 The advantage of the method is to reduce the cost of processing soil, seeds, fertilizers and herbicides, creates favorable conditions for overwintering and plant development, which reduces costs and increases yield (see table).

 The method can be widely used in all areas of the country and primarily in farms on small areas and give a high economic effect.

Claims (2)

 1. A method of cultivating rye, including long-term cultivation in a constant field, characterized in that in the first year in the fall they sow half the norm of sowing rye seeds in a wide-row way, and in the spring between the rows of autumn plants - the remaining half of the seeds, and in subsequent years, rye is sown in the spring between rows of overwintered plants of spring sowing.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the spring rye seeds are sown simultaneously with top dressing after inter-row tillage.

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