SK49793A3 - Process for preparing alkali metal chlorate (v) and device for its executing - Google Patents
Process for preparing alkali metal chlorate (v) and device for its executing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- SK49793A3 SK49793A3 SK497-93A SK49793A SK49793A3 SK 49793 A3 SK49793 A3 SK 49793A3 SK 49793 A SK49793 A SK 49793A SK 49793 A3 SK49793 A3 SK 49793A3
- Authority
- SK
- Slovakia
- Prior art keywords
- alkali metal
- cell
- membrane
- anolyte
- chlorine
- Prior art date
Links
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- -1 alkali metal chlorate Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Inorganic materials Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000760358 Enodes Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 101150058217 mec-10 gene Proteins 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001265980 Chlorodes Species 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010053567 Coagulopathies Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001804 chlorine Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035602 clotting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013077 scoring method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- PXLIDIMHPNPGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium chromate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O PXLIDIMHPNPGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIEOKOFEPABQKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium dichromate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KIEOKOFEPABQKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/24—Halogens or compounds thereof
- C25B1/26—Chlorine; Compounds thereof
- C25B1/265—Chlorates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
- C25B1/46—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis in diaphragm cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
- C25B15/085—Removing impurities
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9206112A FR2691479B1 (fr) | 1992-05-20 | 1992-05-20 | Procédé de fabrication de chlorate de métal alcalin et dispositif pour sa mise en Óoeuvre. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SK49793A3 true SK49793A3 (en) | 1993-12-08 |
Family
ID=9429965
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SK497-93A SK49793A3 (en) | 1992-05-20 | 1993-05-18 | Process for preparing alkali metal chlorate (v) and device for its executing |
Country Status (19)
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU657842B2 (en) * | 1992-03-13 | 1995-03-23 | Eka Chemicals Oy | Method for producing alkaline metal hydroxide |
| SE512388C2 (sv) * | 1993-04-26 | 2000-03-13 | Eka Chemicals Ab | Förfarande för framställning av alkalimetallklorat genom elektrolys |
| EP1527209A1 (en) * | 2002-07-05 | 2005-05-04 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Process for producing alkali metal chlorate |
| US8216443B2 (en) | 2002-07-05 | 2012-07-10 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Process for producing alkali metal chlorate |
| CN1306068C (zh) * | 2002-12-27 | 2007-03-21 | 北京化工机械厂 | 外部自然循环复极式离子膜电解装置 |
| EP1966413B1 (en) * | 2005-12-20 | 2017-06-21 | Ceramatec, Inc. | Electrolytic process to produce sodium hypochlorite using sodium ion conductive ceramic membranes |
| BRPI1007733B1 (pt) * | 2009-05-15 | 2019-10-01 | Akzo Nobel Chemicals International B.V. | Processo para a produção de clorato de metal alcalino |
| CN103663380B (zh) * | 2013-12-02 | 2015-04-15 | 大连高佳化工有限公司 | 一种氯酸钡生产方法 |
| US20180354789A1 (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2018-12-13 | Showa Denko K.K. | Method for producing hydrogen chloride |
| JP7026985B2 (ja) * | 2018-10-18 | 2022-03-01 | ブルー セイフティ ゲーエムベーハー | 酸化剤水溶液の合成のための電気化学システム |
| EP4480918A1 (de) | 2023-06-19 | 2024-12-25 | SMS group GmbH | Verfahren zur gewinnung von lithiumhydroxid |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5647265A (en) * | 1979-09-25 | 1981-04-28 | Toshiba Corp | Production of pure copper casting |
| JPS575883A (en) * | 1980-06-11 | 1982-01-12 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Installation of sodium chlorate electrolytic tank and chlorine-alkali electrolytic tank installed side by side |
| FI71354C (fi) * | 1980-03-03 | 1986-12-19 | Asahi Chemical Ind | Foerfarande foer framstaellning av natriumklorat |
| JPS57156326A (en) * | 1981-03-18 | 1982-09-27 | Toagosei Chem Ind Co Ltd | Purification of saline water for electrolysis of alkali chloride |
| US4702805A (en) * | 1986-03-27 | 1987-10-27 | C-I-L Inc. | Production of sodium chlorate |
| FR2655061B1 (fr) * | 1989-11-29 | 1993-12-10 | Atochem | Fabrication de chlorate ou de perchlorate de metal alcalin. |
-
1992
- 1992-05-20 FR FR9206112A patent/FR2691479B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-05-17 IL IL105718A patent/IL105718A0/xx unknown
- 1993-05-18 EP EP93401275A patent/EP0571273A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1993-05-18 NZ NZ247644A patent/NZ247644A/en unknown
- 1993-05-18 NO NO931798A patent/NO931798L/no unknown
- 1993-05-18 SK SK497-93A patent/SK49793A3/sk unknown
- 1993-05-18 ZA ZA933454A patent/ZA933454B/xx unknown
- 1993-05-19 PL PL29900093A patent/PL299000A1/xx unknown
- 1993-05-19 YU YU34493A patent/YU34493A/sh unknown
- 1993-05-19 AU AU38681/93A patent/AU3868193A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-05-19 FI FI932299A patent/FI932299A7/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-05-19 BR BR9301932A patent/BR9301932A/pt unknown
- 1993-05-19 CZ CZ93952A patent/CZ95293A3/cs unknown
- 1993-05-19 CA CA002096588A patent/CA2096588A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1993-05-20 MX MX9302943A patent/MX9302943A/es unknown
- 1993-05-20 JP JP5141574A patent/JPH06158373A/ja active Pending
- 1993-05-20 KR KR1019930008687A patent/KR930023492A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-05-20 CN CN93107230A patent/CN1084584A/zh active Pending
- 1993-05-29 TW TW082104283A patent/TW230848B/zh active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0571273A1 (fr) | 1993-11-24 |
| AU3868193A (en) | 1993-11-25 |
| CA2096588A1 (fr) | 1993-11-21 |
| KR930023492A (ko) | 1993-12-18 |
| ZA933454B (en) | 1994-06-15 |
| MX9302943A (es) | 1993-12-01 |
| FR2691479A1 (fr) | 1993-11-26 |
| BR9301932A (pt) | 1993-11-23 |
| FI932299A0 (fi) | 1993-05-19 |
| FR2691479B1 (fr) | 1994-08-19 |
| JPH06158373A (ja) | 1994-06-07 |
| TW230848B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1994-09-21 |
| PL299000A1 (en) | 1993-12-13 |
| NO931798L (no) | 1993-11-22 |
| NO931798D0 (no) | 1993-05-18 |
| YU34493A (sh) | 1996-02-19 |
| IL105718A0 (en) | 1993-09-22 |
| NZ247644A (en) | 1994-09-27 |
| CZ95293A3 (en) | 1993-12-15 |
| CN1084584A (zh) | 1994-03-30 |
| FI932299A7 (fi) | 1993-11-21 |
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