SI9700284A - Drier - Google Patents

Abstract

The drier, particularly for drying timber or semi finished timber products e.g. cut timber and especially veneer as well as similar objects, should be an effective, energy saving and thus cost effective device. Regarding the type of timber to be dried, its dimensions and the expected humidity content of dried timber regarding its later use, the device should always provide within the same chassis an effective transition of humidity from the drying timber to the available air current which should also ensure an appropriate quality of the dried timber. At least one of the chassis (1) walls (11, 12, 13, 14) features a door (131) of appropriate size through which it is possible to bring into the chassis (1) timber to be dried, particularly inside the chassis (1). Apart from this one of the transverse walls (11, 12), in the given case wall (11) features a flap (111). Under the shield (3) where the specified flap can be rotated to, there's between the bottom (101) of the chassis (1) and by a flap (111) equipped transverse wall (11) of the drier, a drying cell (6) of adequate volume and adequate surface so that at least one, preferably several drying assemblies (5) can be put into it, featuring the timber pieces intended for drying, while each of the assemblies (5) is equipped not only by vertical spacers (51) but also by horizontal spacers (52) and if needed also with intermediate horizontal spacers (51').

Description

The subject of the present invention is a drying device, in particular for drying wood or. semi-finished wood products, eg cut wood and certainly veneer as well as similar items.

The purpose of the invention is to design an efficient, energy-efficient and therefore economical drying device, in particular a drying chamber, the design of which is to be complex in the sense that, depending on the type of drying of the intended timber, its dimensions and the expected humidity of the dried timber according to the purpose its further use in the same device or. drying cells can always be provided with an effective, appropriate and optimal atmospheric conditions for the transfer of moisture from the drying wood to the available air flow, which should also ensure a significantly improved quality of the dried wood in terms of deformations and structural changes in the wood; this kind of drying device was also rationally rational in space / volume, preferably up to the degree that it could also be available in a mobile version, in particular in a standard-sized transport container, which can generally be easily transported with the means of transport available in international transport.

A growing tree contains a relatively large amount of water or water. moisture that remains in the wood even after logging. Different types of trees generally have varying degrees of water, and humidity also depends on the climate, climatic conditions and also the current atmospheric conditions. In addition, wood is known to contain so-called free water, as well as so-called bound water, which is contained in the tissue itself. cells. On the other hand, the economic processing of wood for different purposes requires the highest uniformity and adequate quality of the raw material and therefore, among other things, a well-defined and predetermined humidity. Therefore, in the vast majority of cases, it is necessary to dry the wood before further processing, and it is necessary to watch over the variable properties of the wood, both above the moisture content and other properties of the wood, including design variations. Without further ado, economical processing of the wood itself is also an economical element of the drying process itself.

Thanks to the constantly changing weather conditions and the associated temperature changes, it is possible to dry wood or similar objects in the open air in a relatively simple way. The so-called natural drying is widely known and, in particular in the case of wood, while maintaining favorable conditions, can result in relatively good quality of dried wood. This is especially true for cut wood. However, it should be borne in mind that natural drying of wood is an extremely lengthy process that takes at least a few months, and usually more than a year, with some types of wood even years. This requires the storage of large quantities of wood stacked in suitable stacks, in an appropriate location, where adequate natural circulation of relatively dry air, sufficient solar heat and the like is available. When drying the wood, it should be remembered that the bound water from the interior can be discharged to the surface from which the ambient air is drawn in, thereby drying the wood, only if the surface is not covered by a layer of water or even snow or other impurities. Therefore, in nature, the speed of drying depends very much on the weather conditions and on it except by covering or even moving the wood or. changing the location of the stacks cannot be significantly affected. In addition, during drying, there is no doubt that the risk of wood being attacked by microorganisms, fungi, molds or other pests, e.g. insects. The longer the drying time, the greater the risk. Depending on the arrangement of the individual pieces in the stack, drying may also be quite uneven, which may be reflected, for example. also in deformations, namely shape changes, e.g. bending and even twisting pieces of wood. The wood on the surface of the warehouse is much more exposed to direct atmospheric influences than the one located inside the warehouse. In addition, every piece of timber in a stack (eg a beam or a board) is more exposed to atmospheric influences than its core on certain surfaces. However, the problem of deformation during drying is also, or sometimes even more acute, in pieces of wood cut to smaller dimensions, especially to smaller thicknesses, e.g. at veneer. The final humidity of the dried wood or. After a certain drying time, its cores depend mainly on the weather conditions of the dried wood being exposed and it is not generally possible to determine exactly or. to determine in any way. It is therefore impossible to accurately plan production for timber destined for further industrial processing, except of course in the case of expensive and uneconomic stockpiling of input raw materials. In addition, the economic effects of natural wood-dependent wood processing are, in most cases, relatively unfavorable, especially when insufficient or insufficiently dried wood is processed due to insufficient stock of dried wood, which usually results in inadequate quality of the finished product. On the other hand, of course, it is true that outdoor drying is not required, for example. However, in addition to the described risks related to the quality of the wood, a large storage space is certainly needed, and on the other hand, the pegging of funds for a longer period from logging to the sale of dried wood, even the final product is undoubtedly also an important factor that can have a fatal impact on processing costs and thus on the success of the business or business. competitiveness in the market. There are also known attempts to accelerate the drying process by installing axial fans in the vicinity of stacks. During wet weather, drying wood with humid air is, of course, ineffective, but also because of the relatively high cost of electricity, such a measure does not essentially represent a solution that could in any way significantly alter the relationship between the aforementioned advantages and disadvantages of natural drying of the wood.

In order to avoid these shortcomings and therefore in order to shorten the drying time, drying and / or drying devices have been developed. drying rooms. There are many types of them, and their purpose is to dry the wood as quickly and as efficiently as possible while still economizing on the process itself. There are basically two types of dryers, one in which there are so-called drying chambers and the other in the drying lines. Both types of devices known to date generally comprise on-site, non-mobile devices. For the first timber, they place in each chamber an available chamber in which they change the physical conditions (temperature, humidity and mass or volume flow air flow, etc.) and achieve a gradual drying of the wood. For drying lines, timber is transported along the plant with the help of suitable transport facilities, in which different physical conditions are available at different places, so that during the transport of the wood along the plant, the timber is gradually reached again. Drying chambers are cheaper, but their capacity is generally lower. Drying lines are more powerful, but they are also usually associated with more extensive investment. So existing or. known drying chambers so far, as well as existing or The known drying lines so far, however, have certain shortcomings, which will be discussed in more detail below and, in particular, when making decisions regarding the installation of drying lines, they repeatedly question the reasonableness of huge investments.

Perhaps this is the reason that drying lines are actually relatively infrequently used and that the drying chambers are predominant in the art.

For drying chambers or drying lines known to date, wood drying is feasible at low temperatures (between 15 ° C and 45 ° C), medium temperatures (between 45 ° C and 90 ° C) or even at relatively high temperatures (between 90 ° C and 90 ° C). 130 ° C), whereby the heating can be either convective, contact, radiation or even dielectric.

They are known, for example. drying chambers into which prior to drying by means of suitable transport devices, e.g. carts, bring a stack of wood. Then, with the help of fans mounted either on the ceiling of the drying chamber or, rarely, in other places in the chamber, they create airflow, which in certain embodiments runs in the transverse direction of the chamber, in other designs in the transverse direction and in the horizontal plane, in some further embodiments and in the longitudinal direction.

With regard to all the Applicants of the known drying lines and drying chambers and lines known to date, the conveyors of the drying chambers or lines are designed to allow the maximum amount of wood to be stored in the smallest space during drying. The wood is stacked so that spacer beams or slats are installed between the species in order to create a certain distance between the pieces of drying wood, which should at least be sufficient to allow airflow to penetrate the stack. one plane. Of course, this is a trade-off between the size of the spacing and the amount of wood that can be stacked at one time, suitable for drying in the chamber available at any time. In addition, in all chambers known so far, the air is heated as much as possible to increase the intensity of drying. Because the air is moistened by contact with moist wood itself, it is unable to absorb additional moisture when it flows further along the warehouse. It is so often the case that fans allow air to flow, but with the moisture of essentially saturated air, which essentially means only uneconomical energy consumption to drive the fans and reactive air flow. On top of that, the moisture from the heated saturated air, in contact with the cold inner walls of the chamber or other surfaces of the metal parts (eg drive unit, conveyors), condenses, leaving the condensate in the dryer despite some air exchange in the chamber. Such condensate, on top of it, consists not only of water, but also of some other substances contained in the wood mass. These substances have different properties when drying different types of wood and can also be corrosive or otherwise chemically aggressive or have different adverse effects on the chamber itself. also to the process within it.

Thus, EP 0 170 648 Al also describes a desiccant which is intended to perform one of the more modern drying processes. The chamber consists of thermally insulated and steam-tight walls. A stack of sawn timber is installed in the chamber, with the individual species again separated by beams or beams. laths. The dryer comprises a fan that provides air circulation through the so-called heating register, then through the drying wood to the so-called cooling register. From fresh air, it continues to circulate again to the heating register and past the wood to the cooling register. In the area of the heating register, the air is heated, and then it can receive an adequate amount of moisture from the drying wood, which it emits in the area of the cooling register and is then heated again in the heating register. In this way, with a less intense heating at relatively low temperatures, a milder, yet effective drying regime should be achieved, thus preventing otherwise unavoidable structural and superficial damage to the wood (eg so-called stiffness, invasion of cell walls, or collapse, so-called lightning, staining and

Ί similar), it is evident that moisture and other secreted substances from the drying wood remain in the chamber. From what has been said so far, it is clear that such a drying method would be, at most, suitable for removing water or. moisture from previously well prepared, in particular from at least partially dried wood, which of course raises the question of the rationality of installing the entire drying room solely for this virtually last stage of drying before processing.

In general, when users want to remove more moisture from the chamber, it is necessary to remove the heated air saturated with moisture extracted from the wood from the chamber. This, in addition to the humidity, enters into the environment a large amount of heat used to heat the air. The energy balance of such a method of drying wood is usually devastating, but to some extent it can be mitigated e.g. by installing a heat pump, and of course it is necessary to ensure adequate condensate drainage. When most of the moisture in the wood has already been removed, the removal of the condensate from the air with a relatively low moisture content is again slightly insignificant, so that at this stage the device is again almost empty. Therefore, in general, such a measure does not in itself constitute a satisfactory solution to the problem.

Existing dryers want to obtain a certain amount of air to absorb more moisture from the wood and thus increase the drying efficiency, they usually try to heat the air - before contacting the dried wood - to the highest possible temperature. Drying of wood is therefore a multiphase process, which involves heating the wood by removing meteor water or even debris from ice or snow from the surface, in addition to the free water extraction. moisture and sewage treatment. moisture from wood tissue or the cells themselves. For different types of wood, the drying regime, including the intensity at different stages, can also be completely different. Certain types of wood (eg poplar) contain a much higher moisture content than other types of wood.

Thus, when draining free water, it is essential that the drying chamber or line, especially at the beginning of the drying process, allows the discharge of large quantities of water in the shortest possible time, and can generally be accounted for by relatively high air temperatures. It is generally accepted that drying with medium-high or even relatively low-temperature air is a significantly slower and more expensive process. Removal of free and bound water from inside, core or the core of the wood is a more complex and time consuming process. On the other hand - when the wood is already dry on the surface, continued intensive drying with high temperature air can lead to the destruction of the cellular structure of the wood, to the so-called. mating of wood or even to some local implosions, cell wall recesses (so-called collapse) inside and even on the surface of the wood itself (so-called troughs and also to so-called entrainment as a result of different stresses due to different degrees of drying and thus shrinkage at different depths). Drying at high temperatures is, of course, relatively quick and economical, but such dried wood can be of poor quality, deformed, but in fact, especially considering the aforementioned possibility, an accidentally and violently altered structure can even be completely destroyed. Such injuries are particularly acute and so far unavoidable in the most sensitive types of wood and in the most demanding semi-finished products, especially in the extreme, ie the largest or smallest dimensions, e.g. in the case of beams or veneers.

In addition to the above, there are vacuum processes and the corresponding drying rooms (PCT / DK.87 / 00012 or WO 87/04779, which otherwise can precisely control the drying speed and expected humidity of the wood while avoiding damage to the wood. , which allow for such drying, are technologically very demanding due to the necessary tightness, which is a condition for the provision of adequate vacuum inside, and is also suitable for draining reasonably small amounts of moisture, in particular residual moisture from previously previously dried wood. Therefore, this type of device can at most form part of a wood drying plant, which is again undoubtedly associated with a high investment and, in the long run, requires the transport of wood from otherwise available drying devices to and from the vacuum chamber.

All drying installations known to date have therefore been shown to have certain disadvantages and are therefore either relatively inefficient, energy-wasteful and therefore uneconomical, since they do not always ensure adequate moisture transfer to the necessary and available air flow. So these devices do not provide the best or the most favorable adjustments to the drying process in each case to the optimum requirements according to the type of wood and the corresponding drying regime, which can result in irrationality of the drying process or even inadequate quality or even destruction of the dried wood despite the energy and time consumed, in short, despite the costs involved in drying.

Like some of the existing dehumidifiers, the present device is designed with an irradiated, that is, with its surroundings, through an air-duct connected housing. It is equipped with a heat station, namely at least a condenser assembly and a heating assembly, as well as at least one fan. In addition, a suitable desiccant cell is available in the device itself, to which it is advantageous to fit bulky material through the appropriate door in each case, preferably by means of suitable desiccant frames, in particular e.g. wood intended for drying, so that the drying takes place by transferring moisture from the drying surface of the intended bulky material to the air stream, which is - forcibly circulating - available in the housing and in particular in the area of said drying cell. According to the invention, at least one wall with corresponding ducts of the ventilation / ventilation housing of the device is provided with a flap which, in order to redirect the air circuit and thereby determine the desired drying mode, cooperates with a screen arranged above the drying cell in the housing and at the same time at the heat station and closed. at a distance from the opposite wall of the housing in the area of the bottom of the housing. In addition, said screen in the area of the heat station is provided with at least one flap that can be e.g. also automatically adjustable, except that between said screen above the drying cell and the casing ceiling it is available against said flap or. the passage between the screen and said flap or. the associated wall of the enclosure is a duct in which a ventilation assembly is installed. The aforementioned air-vent ducts are located adjacent to the wall of the enclosure, next to which a heat station is located directly next to said screen. In this case, from the said housing to the open or. one duct below the casing ceiling leads to the surroundings of the device and another duct above the bottom of the casing. Further, at least one additional ventilation assembly is installed in the area of the drying cell, comprising a fan which is mounted on a swivel base and in this way is moved to and from its respective active position. As mentioned above, the screen-cooperating flap is further positioned in the corresponding housing wall in such a way that in its closed position an internal air circuit is provided from said channel between the housing ceiling and the screen through the passage between the screen and the associated wall and thereafter along said wall. the drying cell, which is therefore located below said screen, and thereafter in the direction of the screen flap and therefore towards the heat station, while in the open position, said flap of the participating flap is bypassed by the latter or by the flap. below it, and therefore through the corresponding opening in the corresponding wall, on the one hand, air is allowed to enter directly from the outside directly into the drying cell, and on the other hand, it is bypassed by the flap or. above it the air outlet from the housing is enabled, namely from the channel between the screen and the ceiling of the housing to the surroundings or. outdoors. In certain cases, it may be advantageous if at least some of the fans in said duct between the screen and the ceiling of the housing of the arranged ventilation assembly are also provided with heating assemblies.

In addition, in the apparatus according to the invention, each drying frame intended for receiving material, in particular wood intended for drying, is provided with both vertical spacers and horizontal spacers. It is particularly advantageous if at least some of the drying racks are provided with casters to ensure their mobility or. that the drying frames are positioned one above the other by means of vertical spacers. According to the invention according to the invention, special attention is also given to the proper arrangement of the drying wood in the housing or. on the aforementioned drying frames, the dominant surfaces of the pieces of drying wood being in a vertical plane. Therefore, it is important for the device according to the invention that the distance between the adjacent vertical spacers in each case of the available drying assembly when viewed in the horizontal direction is substantially smaller than the length of the vertical spacers when viewed in the vertical direction. In the case of drying more stacked pieces in the same drying rack, intermediate vertical spacers are provided for the drying rack in addition to the vertical spacers in order to ensure a suitable spacing of each drying piece in the area of the respective vertical spacer. In such a case, the distance between each adjacent vertical spacer when viewed in the horizontal direction is significantly less than the length of the vertical spacers when viewed in the vertical direction, and is less than or equal to the distance between the adjacent vertical spacers in each case again.

Furthermore, a radiation device, preferably designed as a UV radiation device, designed to emit ultraviolet light rays, which prevents the development of certain types of fungi, molds and other microorganisms, is located inside the housing, near the venting ducts.

Furthermore, at least two magnets, preferably permanent magnets, are mounted inside the housing of the device, preferably in the sense of the formation of a bipolar magnetic field, located near the ventilation ducts in the area between the screen and the associated wall, in order to obtain such a magnetic the field affected the chemical, physical and biological properties of water, both air and wood tissue.

In addition, it is important for the apparatus according to the invention that the heat station comprises at least a condenser assembly and a heating assembly, and it is particularly advantageous if the heat station in a housing equipped with a condensate drain is in addition to a condensing assembly, a heating assembly, a compressor and a choke which are between interconnected into a suitable and closed circuit, also includes a fan. Notwithstanding the foregoing possible embodiments and preferred embodiments, the housing may in all cases be constructed from a conventional transport container, with the essential outer dimensions of the housing corresponding to those prescribed for international container transport purposes.

The following drying apparatus will now be described in more detail based on the exemplary embodiment shown in the accompanying drawing, with FIGS. 1 is a schematic, cross-sectional view taken in the longitudinal vertical plane of the dryer according to the invention; 2 is a schematic, cross-sectional, cross-sectional view of the dryer according to the invention; 3 is a schematic, cross-sectional view taken in the longitudinal horizontal plane of the dryer according to the invention; FIG. 4 is a device according to FIG. 1 - 3 in a condition suitable for the condensation-convection mode of operation, again schematically and in cross section in the longitudinal vertical plane and during drying of the wood placed therein, FIG. 5 is a device according to FIG. 4, but in cross section in the transverse vertical plane; FIG. 6 is a device according to FIG. 1 - 3, this time in a condition suitable for the mode of operation corresponding to the accelerated natural drying, again shown schematically and in cross section in the longitudinal vertical plane and during the drying of the wood placed therein, FIG. 7 the device of FIG. 5, but in cross section in the transverse vertical plane, FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the heat station of the drying apparatus of the invention, and FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the drying frame of the device according to the invention.

The drying device according to the invention is - such as e.g. shown in FIG. 1 - 3 - generally designed as a drying chamber, the housing 1 of which is optionally made as a normal and standard container, such as e.g. commonly used in international aviation or. ship or railway or. truck container transportation of goods or even for the performance of mobile residential or commercial buildings. Such a choice of housing design 1 may in fact lead to certain advantages of the present device in comparison with the known ones, but of course there may also be certain limitations, which in any case have a solution to the invention. In this way, when necessary, either the mobile chamber or, e.g. other significant advantages may be available, including the ability to specify the layout or layout. installing the drying chamber in each available location at the request of the user, even in cases where the chamber is intended to be immobile.

At least one of the walls 11, 12, 13, 14 of the housing 1, optionally the longitudinal wall 13, is provided with a suitable large door 131 through which it is possible to supply and export timber intended for drying into the chamber, more specifically to the interior of the housing 1. . In addition, one of the transverse walls 11, 12, hereinafter referred to as wall 11, is provided with a flap 111, which otherwise is designed as double or double. double wing flap, which does not affect the essence of the invention. The important features of the hatch 111 of the invention will be explained in more detail below.

On the opposite side of the dryer or its housing 1, that is, on the opposite transverse wall 12, more specifically at the upper part of this wall 12 of the housing 1, are fitted with a corresponding common flap 1211 equipped with outlet openings 1210, 1220 of the vents 121, 122 by means of which the interior of the housing 1 is connected with the surrounding area. In this case, one of the latter, in the given example, is connected to the surrounding area via a duct 121 via a corresponding flap 1211 or a region 10 'directly adjacent to the ceiling 100 of the housing 1, and thus to the other duct 122, again, via the flap 1221, a region 10 directly adjacent at the bottom 101 of the housing 1, where a heat station 2 is also positioned at a distance from the corresponding face 12, said flap 1211 may be provided with a suitable (not shown) control unit, which is particularly advantageous when e.g. the operation of the entire device is automated.

Preferably, heat station 2 is a device that operates in the sense of a heat pump, such as e.g. shown in FIG. 8. For example, heat station 2 comprises a housing 20 in which a condenser assembly 21 and a heating assembly 22 are housed, except that the housing 20 is provided with a condensate discharge 201. The apparatus further comprises a compressor 23 and a damper, which together with said assemblies 21, 22 are included in the corresponding circuit 26, as well as a fan 25 which allows air flow through the heat station in the direction from the condensing assembly 21 to and from the heating assembly 22. in the same direction forward to other areas in the housing 1 of the dryer. Such a station 2 allows the humid air to be heated thanks to the condensation assembly 21 to release moisture which flows through the discharge 201, and subsequently the air in the area of the heating assembly 22 is heated accordingly, preferably e.g. by about 2 ° C depending on the temperature of the device that is being fed from the environment each time.

Further, a housing 3 is mounted in the housing 1, in such a way that it is lowered directly at the heat station 2 and thus at a distance from said transverse wall 12 to the bottom 101 of the housing 1 so that said water 121, 122 and heat station 2 are located between said wall 12 and the screen 3, at the same time the screen 3 is mounted below the ceiling 100 of the chamber 1 of the chamber, at an appropriate distance from the ceiling 100, and extends toward the opposite transverse wall 11 of the housing 1 or. against the aforementioned flap 111 in said wall 11. The screen 3 is closed at a distance from the ceiling 100 and at such a distance from the corresponding transverse wall 11 that it is possible to either shut or open the passage 30 between the ceiling 100, the side 112 and the screen with the flap 111. 3. In addition, the flap 111 may also be equipped with an unmanaged control unit such that e.g. with an automated dryer, its opening or closing without further action can be done as fully automatic.

Thanks to said arrangement of the screen 3, a duct 1000 is provided in the casing 1 of the drying device according to the invention under ceiling 100. In said duct 1000, that is, between the ceiling 100 of the casing 1 of the drying device and the screen 3, a ventilation assembly 40 is provided, which optionally consists of two fans 41, 42 spaced closer to conduits 121, 122, and preferably two further fans 43, 44, which are optionally arranged according to the length of the housing 1 somehow in the central region, and are further provided with heating circuits 430, 440.

Below that screen 3, a transverse wall 11 of the drying apparatus is provided in the area between the bottom 101 of the housing and the flap 111 so that a drying cell 6 of sufficient volume and a floor area sufficiently large to accommodate at least one, preferably several drying frames 5 with pieces of timber intended for drying. The features of the drying frame 5 that are relevant to the invention will be specifically explained below.

With regard to the arrangement of the screen 3, it should further be noted that in the area of the heat station 2, the screen 3 is so arranged that it is possible to move from the area of said drying cell 6 through the heat station 2 to the area between the screen 3 and the corresponding transverse wall 12 of the housing 1 , where the aforementioned water 121,122 is available. In addition, directly next to the heat station 2, the screen 3 is provided with at least one flap 31, by means of which it is possible to open or close the passage between said drying cell 6 and the area between the screen 3 and the associated wall 12 of the housing 1, where the heat station 2 is located, and water 121, 122. Also flap 31 is e.g. can be performed as double or. a double wing flap, in which case the wings may each be mounted on each side of the heat station 2, which generally comprises at least a fan 25, and e.g. condensing assembly 21 and heating assembly 22.

At the same time, in the apparatus according to the invention, a ventilation assembly 7 made of at least one for the fan 71 mounted on the swivel frame 72 is also available in the drying cell 6 itself. The latter enables rotation of the fan 71 from its passive position / in the case at least substantially in parallel with the corresponding longitudinal wall or. 14 / in the active position / in the given case at least substantially orthogonal to the respective longitudinal wall 13 or. 14 /. In each case, the active position of the fan 71 is that which in the given conditions provides the desired direction of movement of air in the cell 6 by means of a functioning ventilator 71, while the passive position of the fan 71 means, in a given case, the position to which the disconnected fan 71 can be disengaged from of the active position, so to withdraw it, thereby allowing e.g. moving the drying frames 5 along the drying cell 6. Thus, e.g. possibly a fan 71 on the frame 72 while loading or exporting timber intended for drying or. while filling or emptying the drying cell 6, rotate either side-by-side 13, 14 in each case. In general, the possibility of swinging the frame 72 with the fan 71 towards the bottom 101, the screen 3 or even towards the ceiling 100 of the frame of the drying device is not excluded. As can be seen, e.g. in FIG. 3, two fans 7Γ, 71 are provided, each mounted on its frame 72 ′, 72 and arranged each along the respective longitudinal wall 13, 14 of the housing 1 of the device. In addition, it is further noted that swinging the housing 72 of the respective fan 71 is also feasible by means of a suitable (not shown) control unit, e.g. can again be particularly preferred in an automated dryer.

Each drying frame 5, an example of which is shown separately in FIG. 9 is intended for installation in a drying cell 6 with pieces of wood intended for drying to be mounted thereon. The frame 5 of the invention is designed so that, unlike those known in the prior art, it comprises not only vertical spacers 51 for providing spacing between pieces of drying wood in height, but also horizontal spacers 52 for providing spacing for pieces of drying wood in width. In any case, it is preferable to have several drying frames 5, at least some of which are also provided with wheels 50 (Fig. 4). In this way, for example, several further drying racks 5 should be mounted above each other on the drying rack 5 equipped with wheels 50, as shown schematically e.g. in FIG. 5 and 7, in this way, pieces of timber intended for drying are positioned on each of the drying frames 5, respectively, spaced appropriately in both horizontal and vertical directions. In this way, at all locations of the drying cell 6 of the device according to the invention, excellent airflow is provided between the individual pieces of wood intended for drying, and thus the moisture transfer from the drying wood to the air in the cell is extensive.

When drying wood, e.g. boards, it is particularly advantageous for the device according to the invention to choose such a way of placing the wood in a housing 1 or. to each available drying frame 5 so that the dominant surfaces of the individual pieces of wood are in a vertical plane. In order to ensure that the pieces of drying wood on the drying frames 5 are described and appropriately positioned according to the invention, the spacers 51, 52 are designed so that the distance between the adjacent vertical spacers 51, viewed in the horizontal direction, is substantially smaller than the length of the vertical spacers. 51, viewed in the vertical direction. However, when, depending on the dimensions of the vertical spacers 51 and the dimensions of the dominant surfaces of each of the intended pieces for drying, it is possible to calculate the possibility of drying pieces arranged above one another in the same drying frame 5, in addition to the vertical spacers 51, intermediate vertical spacers 51 'may be provided to provide in each case, the corresponding spacing between the individual drying pieces stacked one above the other in the area of the respective vertical spacers 51. In such a case, the distance between the adjacent vertical spacers 51, viewed in the horizontal direction, is significantly smaller than the length of the vertical spacers 51. in the vertical direction, but at the same time smaller or at most equal to the distance between the adjacent vertical spacers 5Γ in each case, again in the vertical direction.

In addition, in the housing 1, preferably in the area 10 'below the ceiling 100, especially near the ducts 121, 122, there is a radiation device 8, which is most conveniently implemented as a UV radiation device, that is, a radiation device, for conducting ultraviolet radiation light rays. Ultraviolet light emitted by said device 8 can, in certain conditions, prevent the development of fungi, molds and similar unwanted microorganisms in the air, and therefore inside the housing 1 of the device according to the invention, and therefore also on dried wood.

In addition, at least two permanent magnets 9 are available in the housing 1 of the device, which in an appropriate arrangement inside the housing 1 provide an appropriate permanent magnetic field at each time, which can also have a beneficial effect on the chemical, physical and biological properties of water contained in the form of humidity in the air. as well as in dried wood.

The drying device in the state of FIG. 4 and 5 allow the establishment of a condensation-convection drying regime. The device is designed in the manner previously explained in detail. When the appropriate amount of timber intended for drying is installed through the door 131 into the cell 6 by means of drying frames 5, the pieces of timber are properly spaced, thanks to the vertical spacers 51 and, if necessary, the intermediate vertical spacers 51 'in the vertical direction. thanks to the horizontal spacers 52 also in the horizontal direction (Fig. 5). At this stage, a moisture-saturated air film is applied to the surface of the wood, which prevents water from escaping from the inside of the individual pieces of wood. Door 131 is closed and the available fans 41, 42, 43, 44 of the ventilation assembly 40, the heat station fan 25 and the properly directed fans 71 of the drying cell 6 are closed. The flap 111 in the wall 11 is closed (Fig 4). The heat station 2, which is switched on, in this mode provides heating of circulating air flow to a predetermined temperature. In doing so, for example, she is the available heating assemblies 430, 440 of the ventilation assembly 40 may also be helpful, and at favorable air temperatures in the vicinity of the drying plant, the operation of assemblies 430, 440 or even station 2 is possible, for example. also completely shut off using an external thermostat. In order to allow moisture to be transferred from the wood to the air as quickly as possible, it is advantageous to ensure that the air is circulated at the appropriate temperature as much as possible. When the air receives moisture from the surface, the moisture is subsequently drawn to the air in the area of station 2, preferably in the area of condensation assembly 21 (Fig. 8), and intercepted under discharge 201. In this case, the housing 1 of the device can generally be irradiated, namely with its surroundings connected via channels 121 and 122. The air is thus heated at a certain temperature in station 2 and thanks to fan 25 and then fans 41, 42 and 43, 44 flows through channel 1000 between screen 3 and ceiling 100 of housing 1 and there with heating assemblies 430, 440 further heat up, then past the flap 111 and through the passage 30 between the screen 3 and the collapsing wall 11 of the housing 1 enter the drying cell 6. There, if necessary, the air is diverted to the optimum locations depending on the respective arrangement of the drying units by means of fans 17. of frames 5, equipped with vertical and horizontal spacers 51, 52. Thanks to the aforementioned diversion and thus favorable arrangement of the wood intended for drying, top moisture from wood to air can be extremely intense. According to channel 122, the air retained at the bottom 101 of the housing 1 can flow from the housing 1 of the device into the surroundings. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art of natural law that, in view of the foregoing, at the bottom 101 of the housing 1 it can be retained to a great extent only moist and chilled air. Due to the pressure differential, this leakage air is then replaced by an equally unheated, but substantially drier outside air, which can enter the second duct 121. The remaining air from the drying cell 6 is again passed through the heat station 2, where it transmits moisture on the condensation assembly 21. and then dried and then gently heated, it travels to duct 1000 and then again to drying cell 6. In this way it is possible to dry the wood relatively quickly and without heating when drying the wood, especially at the beginning when there is still free water on the wood. to high temperatures, thereby causing damage and deformation.

So when with the described drying regime in the housing 1 oz. cell 6 is given a predetermined degree of humidity, and the drying regime should be changed accordingly. For the extraction of free and bound water from wood and cells, it is necessary to establish a condition in which there is sufficient air at each time of adequate, well-defined humidity to ensure adequate climatic conditions according to the type and dimensions of the wood being dried, and this air is able to absorb moisture in an appropriate regime, which is gradually released from the wood to the surface.

Such a regime can be achieved in a surprisingly simple manner with the drying device of the invention in the same drying cell 6 without any additional devices and without any need to move the wood, and in particular without any heating of the air. In this mode (Figs. 6 and 7), the flap 111 at the passage 30 between the screen and the associated wall 12 is opened, and in most cases (depending on climatic conditions), heating by means of heat station 2 or possibly available heating assemblies 430, 440 may also be completely we exclude. The flap 1211 of the conduits 121, 122 is closed in this operating mode of the device.

Unlike the previously known dryers, the device according to the invention, in the present mode, virtually physically prevents only repeated mixing and circulation of already moistened air or air. mixing wet air with dry air, which would otherwise result in modest efficiency. The operating fans 41, 42, 43 and 44 of the fan assembly 40, the fan 25 of the heat station 2 and the available and properly positioned fans 71 on the swivel base 72 respectively create adequate air. Namely, the air from outside, ie from the surroundings of the device, flows into the housing 1 1 or. to the drying cell 6, past the open flap 111. Thereafter, the air flows from the cell 6 through the flap 31 and the heat station 2, whose heating circuit 22 is preferably or at least substantially switched off and thanks to the operation of the fan 25, into channel 1000. Fans 41, 42, 43, and 44 push or respectively. they direct said flow through channel 1000 toward passage 30. However, due to the position of flap 111, said air prevents re-entry into the drying cell 6 and is forced to leave the interior of housing 1. This ensures that the dried wood is always contacted. only fresh, non-moist and therefore dry air from the surroundings of the dryer. It will be appreciated by the person skilled in the art that this incoming air can also be preheated or even dried in adverse weather conditions, all of which are feasible with the help of relatively inexpensive and simple devices whose use and installation does not alter the essence of the design and operation of the drying device itself. invention.

Claims (20)

PATENT APPLICATIONS A drying device designed with an air-casing (1) fitted with a heat station (2), namely at least a condensing assembly (21) and a heating assembly (22), as well as at least one fan (25), and in which a drying cell (6) is further available to which, through the suitable door (133) in the housing (1), it is advantageous, by means of the corresponding drying frames (5), to place bulky material, in particular e.g. wood intended for drying so that the drying takes place by transferring moisture from the drying surface of the intended bulky material to the circulating air flow - available in the housing (1) and in particular in the region of said drying cell (6), that at least one wall (11) with channels (121, 122) of the air / vent housing (1) is provided with a flap (111) which, in terms of diverting the air circuit and thereby determining the desired mode of snooze, interacts with the screen (3) arranged above the drying cell (6) in the housing (1) and at the same time at the heat station (2) and terminated at a distance from the opposite wall (12) of the housing (1) in the region of the bottom (101) of the housing (1), a screen (3) in the area of the heat station (2) provided with at least one flap (31) and being available against said flap between said screen (3) above the drying cell (6) and the ceiling (101) of said housing (111) respectively. the passage (30) between the screen (3) and said flap (111) or. the associated wall (11) of the housing (1) a conduit (1000) in which the ventilation assembly (40) is housed. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the air vents (121, 122) are provided with both common flaps (1211) along the wall (12) of the housing (1), adjacent to said screen (12). 3) a heat station (2) is installed, whereby the said housing (1) is freely or free of charge. one channel (121) from the ceiling (100) of the housing (1) runs into the surroundings of the device, and another channel (122) leads above the bottom (100) of the housing (1). Apparatus according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that at least one additional ventilation assembly (7) comprising at least one fan (71) is mounted in the area of the drying cell (6), mounted on a swivel base (72) and on this mode moves to and from its active position. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the flap (111) is located in the corresponding wall (11) of the housing (1) in such a way that an internal air circuit from the duct (1000) between the ceiling (10) is provided in its closed position. 100) of the housing (1) and the screen (3) through the passage (30) between the screen (3) and the wall (11) and thereafter to said wall (11) into a drying cell (6) between said screen (3) and said wall ( 11) in the direction of the flap (31) of the screen (3) and therefore of the heat station (2), while bypassing the flap (111) when the flap (111) is opened, and thus through the corresponding opening in the wall (11) of air from the outside directly into the drying cell (6), on the other hand, the air outlet from the housing (1), namely from the channel (1000) between the screen (3) and the ceiling (100) of the housing (100), is also possible. 1) to the surroundings or. outdoors. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least some of the fans (41, 42, 43, 44) in the duct (1000) between the screen (3) and the ceiling (100) of the housing (1) are arranged in the ventilation assembly (4) ) also equipped with heating assemblies (430, 440) to heat the air in the duct (1000). Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that each drying frame (5) intended for receiving material, in particular the wood intended for drying, is equipped not only with vertical spacers (51) but also with horizontal spacers (52). Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that at least some of the drying frames (5) are provided with wheels (50) to ensure their mobility. Apparatus according to claim 6 and / or 7, characterized in that the drying frames (5) are mounted one above the other by means of vertical spacers (51). Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat station (2) comprises at least a condensation assembly (21) and a heating assembly (22). Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the heat station (2) in the housing (20) is provided with condensate discharge (201), in addition to the condenser assembly (21), the heating assembly (22), the compressor (23) and the damper. (24), which are interconnected into a corresponding and closed circuit (26), also comprises a fan (25). Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing (1) is derived from a conventional transport container, the essential outer dimensions of the housing being equivalent to those otherwise prescribed for international container transport purposes. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the flap (31) of the screen (3) is automatically adjustable. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a radiating device (8) is housed in the interior of the housing (1), preferably in the vicinity of the vents (121, 122). Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the radiation device (8) is designed as a UV radiation device intended for the radiation of ultraviolet light rays. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two magnets (9) are housed inside the housing (1). Apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that at least two permanent magnets (9) are housed in the housing (1). Device according to claim 16, characterized in that at least two permanent magnets are housed in the housing (1), which, in terms of the formation of a bipolar magnetic field, are positioned near the ventilation ducts (121, 122) in the area between the screen (3 ) and the associated wall (12). Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the distance between the adjacent vertical spacers (51), viewed in the horizontal direction, is substantially smaller than the length of the vertical spacers (51) when viewed in the vertical direction. Apparatus according to Claims 6 and 18, characterized in that the drying frame (5), in addition to the vertical spacers (51), also provides intermediate vertical spacers (51 ') to ensure each suitable distance between the individual drying pieces folded along above each other in the area of the respective vertical spacer (51). Apparatus according to claims 6, 18 and 19, characterized in that the distance between the adjacent vertical spacers (51), viewed in the horizontal direction, is substantially smaller than the length of the vertical spacers (51), viewed in the vertical direction, and smaller or at most equal to the distance between the adjacent vertical spacers (51 ') in each case, again in the vertical direction.