SE448007B - Forfarande och anordning for atervinning av kemikalier ur massaavlut - Google Patents

Forfarande och anordning for atervinning av kemikalier ur massaavlut

Info

Publication number
SE448007B
SE448007B SE8302245A SE8302245A SE448007B SE 448007 B SE448007 B SE 448007B SE 8302245 A SE8302245 A SE 8302245A SE 8302245 A SE8302245 A SE 8302245A SE 448007 B SE448007 B SE 448007B
Authority
SE
Sweden
Prior art keywords
gas
melt
reactor
energy
cooling
Prior art date
Application number
SE8302245A
Other languages
English (en)
Swedish (sv)
Other versions
SE8302245L (sv
SE8302245D0 (sv
Inventor
Sven Santen
Ragnar Bernhard
Sven-Erik Malmeblad
Original Assignee
Skf Steel Eng Ab
Stora Kopparbergs Bergslags Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Publication of SE8302245D0 publication Critical patent/SE8302245D0/xx
Priority to SE8302245A priority Critical patent/SE448007B/sv
Application filed by Skf Steel Eng Ab, Stora Kopparbergs Bergslags Ab filed Critical Skf Steel Eng Ab
Priority to FI841283A priority patent/FI74499C/fi
Priority to NO841299A priority patent/NO841299L/no
Priority to ZA842552A priority patent/ZA842552B/xx
Priority to GB08408882A priority patent/GB2138458B/en
Priority to US06/597,396 priority patent/US4601786A/en
Priority to AU26490/84A priority patent/AU559424B2/en
Priority to CA000451526A priority patent/CA1222605A/fr
Priority to BR8401646A priority patent/BR8401646A/pt
Priority to NZ207797A priority patent/NZ207797A/en
Priority to AT0121984A priority patent/AT385531B/de
Priority to ES531644A priority patent/ES531644A0/es
Priority to SU843731146A priority patent/SU1443810A3/ru
Priority to JP59075899A priority patent/JPS59199892A/ja
Priority to MX201065A priority patent/MX161274A/es
Priority to FR8406028A priority patent/FR2544758B1/fr
Priority to PT78458A priority patent/PT78458B/pt
Priority to IDP372684A priority patent/ID969B/id
Publication of SE8302245L publication Critical patent/SE8302245L/xx
Priority to US06/866,660 priority patent/US4692209A/en
Publication of SE448007B publication Critical patent/SE448007B/sv
Priority to LV920541A priority patent/LV5303A3/xx

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C11/00—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters
    • D21C11/12—Combustion of pulp liquors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/466—Entrained flow processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C10J3/62—Processes with separate withdrawal of the distillation products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/002—Removal of contaminants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/04—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste liquors, e.g. sulfite liquors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/123—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves
    • C10J2300/1238—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves by plasma
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
    • C10J2300/1606—Combustion processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1671—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S423/00—Chemistry of inorganic compounds
    • Y10S423/03—Papermaking liquor

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
  • Pyrane Compounds (AREA)
  • Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
SE8302245A 1983-04-21 1983-04-21 Forfarande och anordning for atervinning av kemikalier ur massaavlut SE448007B (sv)

Priority Applications (20)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8302245A SE448007B (sv) 1983-04-21 1983-04-21 Forfarande och anordning for atervinning av kemikalier ur massaavlut
FI841283A FI74499C (fi) 1983-04-21 1984-03-30 Kemikalieaotervinning ur massaavlutar.
NO841299A NO841299L (no) 1983-04-21 1984-04-02 Fremgangsmaate ved gjenvinning av kjemikalier fra lut
ZA842552A ZA842552B (en) 1983-04-21 1984-04-05 The recovery of chemicals from pulp waste liquor
AU26490/84A AU559424B2 (en) 1983-04-21 1984-04-06 The recovery of chemicals from pulp waste liquor
GB08408882A GB2138458B (en) 1983-04-21 1984-04-06 The recovery of chemicals from pulp waste liquor
US06/597,396 US4601786A (en) 1983-04-21 1984-04-06 Recovery of chemicals from pulp waste liquor with plasma generator heating
CA000451526A CA1222605A (fr) 1983-04-21 1984-04-09 Recuperation des agents chimiques en presence dans les liqueurs epuisees de la pate a papier
BR8401646A BR8401646A (pt) 1983-04-21 1984-04-09 Processo e dispositivo para recuperar produtos quimicos de licor de refugo da producao de polpa de madeira,primariamente do processo tipo "kraft"
NZ207797A NZ207797A (en) 1983-04-21 1984-04-11 Recovery of chemicals from pulp waste liquor
AT0121984A AT385531B (de) 1983-04-21 1984-04-11 Verfahren zur rueckgewinnung von chemikalien aus ablaugen aus der holzzellstoffherstellung und vorrichtung
ES531644A ES531644A0 (es) 1983-04-21 1984-04-16 Metodo y dispositivo para recuperar productos quimicos a partir de liquido residual procedente de la produccion de pasta papelera de madera
FR8406028A FR2544758B1 (fr) 1983-04-21 1984-04-17 Recuperation des produits chimiques de la liqueur residuaire de pate a papier
SU843731146A SU1443810A3 (ru) 1983-04-21 1984-04-17 Способ получени химических веществ из отработанного щелока сульфатного производства целлюлозы
JP59075899A JPS59199892A (ja) 1983-04-21 1984-04-17 パルプ廃液から化学物質を回収する方法および装置
MX201065A MX161274A (es) 1983-04-21 1984-04-17 Procedimiento mejorado y aparato para la recuperacion de productos quimicos a partir de liquidos residuales de pasta papelera
PT78458A PT78458B (en) 1983-04-21 1984-04-19 Process and device for the recovery of chemicals from pulp wast liquor
IDP372684A ID969B (id) 1983-04-21 1984-04-21 Perolehan kembali bahan kimia dari cairan buangan bubur kertas
US06/866,660 US4692209A (en) 1983-04-21 1986-05-27 Recovery of chemicals from pulp waste liquor
LV920541A LV5303A3 (lv) 1983-04-21 1992-12-29 Kimisko vielu legusanas panemiens no izstradata sulfata razosanas atsarma

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8302245A SE448007B (sv) 1983-04-21 1983-04-21 Forfarande och anordning for atervinning av kemikalier ur massaavlut

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
SE8302245D0 SE8302245D0 (sv) 1983-04-21
SE8302245L SE8302245L (sv) 1984-10-22
SE448007B true SE448007B (sv) 1987-01-12

Family

ID=20350905

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
SE8302245A SE448007B (sv) 1983-04-21 1983-04-21 Forfarande och anordning for atervinning av kemikalier ur massaavlut

Country Status (18)

Country Link
US (2) US4601786A (fr)
JP (1) JPS59199892A (fr)
AT (1) AT385531B (fr)
AU (1) AU559424B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8401646A (fr)
CA (1) CA1222605A (fr)
ES (1) ES531644A0 (fr)
FI (1) FI74499C (fr)
FR (1) FR2544758B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2138458B (fr)
ID (1) ID969B (fr)
MX (1) MX161274A (fr)
NO (1) NO841299L (fr)
NZ (1) NZ207797A (fr)
PT (1) PT78458B (fr)
SE (1) SE448007B (fr)
SU (1) SU1443810A3 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA842552B (fr)

Families Citing this family (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE448007B (sv) * 1983-04-21 1987-01-12 Skf Steel Eng Ab Forfarande och anordning for atervinning av kemikalier ur massaavlut
SE454188B (sv) * 1984-10-19 1988-04-11 Skf Steel Eng Ab Sett att atervinna kemikalier ur massaavlutar
SE8501005L (sv) * 1985-03-01 1986-09-02 Skf Steel Eng Ab Termisk reformering av gasformiga kolveten
SE447400B (sv) * 1985-03-26 1986-11-10 Skf Steel Eng Ab Sett och anordning for kemikalieatervinning av massaavlutar i konventionell sodapanna
AU580418B2 (en) * 1985-05-22 1989-01-12 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Method of recovering alkaline chemicals from flue gases containing alkaline metal vapor
FI71541C (fi) * 1985-05-22 1987-01-19 Ahlstroem Oy Metod att tillvarataga alkalikemikalier ur en roekgas som innehaoller alkalimetallaongor.
SE448173B (sv) * 1985-06-03 1987-01-26 Croon Inventor Ab Forfarande for utvinning av kemikalier fran cellulosaavlut genom pyrolys
AU7975487A (en) * 1986-10-16 1988-04-21 Edward L. Bateman Pty. Ltd Plasma treatment of waste h/c gas to produce synthesis gas
JPH01156916A (ja) * 1987-09-25 1989-06-20 Ss Pharmaceut Co Ltd 肝疾患治療剤
US4802423A (en) * 1987-12-01 1989-02-07 Regenerative Environmental Equipment Co. Inc. Combustion apparatus with auxiliary burning unit for liquid fluids
WO1991011658A1 (fr) * 1990-01-29 1991-08-08 Noel Henry Wilson Destruction de dechets a l'aide de plasma
SE465731B (sv) * 1990-02-07 1991-10-21 Kamyr Ab Utvinning av energi och kemikalier ur massaavlutar under exponering av laagfrekvent ljud
EP0584161B1 (fr) * 1991-05-13 1997-07-16 H.A. Simons Ltd. Preparation de liqueur blanche et procede de reduction en pate
SE501334C2 (sv) * 1991-11-04 1995-01-16 Kvaerner Pulping Tech Sätt att termiskt sönderdela ett kolhaltigt råmaterial vid understökiometrisk syretillförsel samt anordning för genomförande av sättet
JPH079902Y2 (ja) * 1992-06-11 1995-03-08 株式会社大滝油圧 油圧ジャッキ
SE470538C (sv) * 1992-12-02 1996-02-26 Kvaerner Pulping Tech Sätt vid blekning av massa utan användning av klorhaltiga kemikalier
SE9300199L (sv) * 1993-01-25 1994-07-26 Kvaerner Pulping Tech Metod vid återvinning av cellulosaavlutar
US5447603A (en) * 1993-07-09 1995-09-05 The Dow Chemical Company Process for removing metal ions from liquids
US5628872A (en) * 1993-10-22 1997-05-13 Kanyr Ab Method for bleaching pulp with hydrogen peroxide recovered from cellulosic spent liquor
DE19642162A1 (de) * 1996-10-12 1998-04-16 Krc Umwelttechnik Gmbh Verfahren zur Regeneration einer beim Kraftprozeß zum Aufschluß von Holz anfallenden Flüssigkeit unter gleichzeitiger Gewinnung von Energie
WO1998036124A1 (fr) * 1997-02-14 1998-08-20 L'harmonie S.A. Procede de traitement d'une substance contenant de la cellulose
US20110300052A9 (en) * 1997-05-21 2011-12-08 Olsen Gary A Particulate matter and methods of obtaining same from a kraft waste reclamation
CA2238292A1 (fr) * 1997-05-21 1998-11-21 S & S Lime, Inc. Methode d'obtention et d'utilisation de particules de carbonate de calcium
US20080219912A1 (en) * 2007-03-06 2008-09-11 Gary Allen Olsen Particulate matter and methods of obtaining same from a kraft waste reclamation
EP1290272A1 (fr) 2000-05-16 2003-03-12 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Conversion thermique de biomasse en combustibles, sources de produits chimiques et produits chimiques de valeur
GB0119237D0 (en) * 2001-08-07 2001-10-03 Bioregional Minimills Uk Ltd Paper plant
US20060201641A1 (en) * 2001-08-07 2006-09-14 Bioregional Minimills (Uk) Limited Methods for producing pulp and treating black liquor
GB2423079B (en) * 2005-06-29 2008-11-12 Tetronics Ltd Waste treatment process and apparatus
US8288312B2 (en) * 2007-03-06 2012-10-16 S&S Lime, Inc. Particulate matter and methods of obtaining same from a Kraft waste reclamation
FI20085416L (fi) * 2008-05-06 2009-11-07 Metso Power Oy Menetelmä ja laitteisto sellutehtaan mustalipeän käsittelemiseksi
FR2931477B1 (fr) * 2008-05-21 2012-08-17 Arkema France Acide cyanhydrique derive de matiere premiere renouvable
FR2938535B1 (fr) 2008-11-20 2012-08-17 Arkema France Procede de fabrication de methylmercaptopropionaldehyde et de methionine a partir de matieres renouvelables
EP3124501A1 (fr) 2009-03-09 2017-02-01 TreeToTextile AB Procédé de fabrication de cellulose façonnée
EP3207176A4 (fr) 2014-10-15 2018-05-09 Canfor Pulp Ltd Usine de pâte kraft intégrée et système de conversion thermochimique

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2574193A (en) * 1947-12-06 1951-11-06 Remington Rand Inc Chemical recovery and control in the kraft pulp process
FR1374716A (fr) * 1962-11-15 1964-10-09 Prototech Inc Procédé pour traiter des substances résiduaires pour en tirer de l'hydrogène et d'autres gaz, et produit gazeux renfermant de l'hydrogène
NL300131A (fr) * 1962-11-15
SE378119B (fr) * 1972-04-04 1975-08-18 Angpanneforeningen
US3780675A (en) * 1972-04-18 1973-12-25 Boardman Co Plasma arc refuse disintegrator
GB1535953A (en) * 1975-07-21 1978-12-13 Zink Co John Burning process for black liquor
US4244779A (en) * 1976-09-22 1981-01-13 A Ahlstrom Osakeyhtio Method of treating spent pulping liquor in a fluidized bed reactor
SE434860B (sv) * 1976-11-15 1984-08-20 Mo Och Domsjoe Ab Forfarande for utstotning av klorider ur kemikalieatervinningssystem vid natriumbaserade massaframstellningsprocesser
GB2017281B (en) * 1978-03-23 1982-07-21 Asahi Engineering Method and apparatus for treating water solution of waste material containing salt having smelt-water explosion characteristics
DD141431A5 (de) * 1979-01-09 1980-04-30 Sca Development Ab Verfahren zur behandlung von ablaugen der zelluloseherstellung
JPS565876A (en) * 1979-06-29 1981-01-21 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd Self-adhesive tape with sulfurization-preventing property
EP0056388A1 (fr) * 1980-07-25 1982-07-28 Leif BJÖRKLUND Procede et appareil de decomposition thermique de composes stables
FI66034C (fi) * 1981-06-30 1986-12-02 Allan Johansson Foerfarande foer framstaellning av cellulosa och foer aotervinning av kemikalier
SE448007B (sv) * 1983-04-21 1987-01-12 Skf Steel Eng Ab Forfarande och anordning for atervinning av kemikalier ur massaavlut

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS59199892A (ja) 1984-11-13
SE8302245L (sv) 1984-10-22
BR8401646A (pt) 1984-11-20
SU1443810A3 (ru) 1988-12-07
FR2544758B1 (fr) 1986-08-01
PT78458A (en) 1984-05-01
FI841283A0 (fi) 1984-03-30
US4692209A (en) 1987-09-08
FI74499C (fi) 1988-02-08
AT385531B (de) 1988-04-11
ATA121984A (de) 1987-09-15
ES8501468A1 (es) 1984-12-01
PT78458B (en) 1986-07-22
GB2138458B (en) 1986-12-31
ID969B (id) 1996-10-01
NO841299L (no) 1984-10-22
FR2544758A1 (fr) 1984-10-26
AU2649084A (en) 1984-10-25
MX161274A (es) 1990-08-17
SE8302245D0 (sv) 1983-04-21
FI841283A (fi) 1984-10-22
FI74499B (fi) 1987-10-30
AU559424B2 (en) 1987-03-12
ZA842552B (en) 1985-11-27
ES531644A0 (es) 1984-12-01
CA1222605A (fr) 1987-06-09
GB8408882D0 (en) 1984-05-16
JPH0424475B2 (fr) 1992-04-27
GB2138458A (en) 1984-10-24
US4601786A (en) 1986-07-22
NZ207797A (en) 1987-08-31

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