RU71657U1 - HARDWARE AND TECHNOLOGY COMPLEX FOR REFINING AND DISCONTINUING OIL SLUDGES - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposed utility model relates to the field of oil production and oil refining industry, and in particular to equipment and technology complexes (plants, sections, departments, production lines, etc.) for the processing and disposal of oil sludge - oil-containing waste. The objective of the proposed utility model is the creation of a new hardware and technology complex that provides highly efficient processing and disposal of oil sludge with the utilization of oil-containing substances from them in the form of marketable products and / or intermediates. The technical result that is achieved by the implementation of the developed utility model is to increase the degree of separation of water and oil phases and increase the degree of purification from the solid phase. The problem is solved with the achievement of the above technical result by the proposed "Hardware-technological complex for the processing and disposal of oil sludge", including: heated receiving tanks, strainers, pumps, pipelines with shut-off and control valves, heated and insulated intermediate tanks, tanks (tanks) with purified from foreign impurities by oil products. New in the proposed utility model is that the intermediate tanks are connected to the unit for the preparation and dosage of chemicals for oil sludge treatment, and the output from the intermediate tanks through the pumping system is directed to a high-speed three-phase centrifuge connected to the oil and water fraction collectors and a container for collecting the solid phase isolated from oil sludge. The containers have screw connections with

mixers-dryers, the outlet from which is connected by a screw conveyor to the feed hopper of a thermal desorber heated by flue gases and made in the form of an inclined rotary tube furnace and placed in a fixed-mounted housing of a thermal desorber, equipped with an unloading device made in the form of a water-cooled pipe with a discharge screw auger placed in it a conveyor with a hollow water-cooled shaft, the exit from the unloading device is directed to containers-containers of heat-treated materials sent to Stem briquetting outlet chamber connected to the thermal desorbers irrigated scrubber for cleaning the exhaust gases from a dust, condensable low boiling hydrocarbons; the scrubber is equipped with a drop, mist eliminators installed in the upper part of the scrubber, the exit of the oil-dust suspension from the lower zone of the scrubber through the circulation pump is directed to a filter system connected to the collecting tank with condensed oil and through a water-cooled heat exchanger with an oil-scrubber system; the prefabricated tank also has a connection with tanks (capacity) for storage and subsequent shipment to consumers of oil products purified from foreign impurities.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to the field of oil production and oil refining industry, and in particular to equipment and technology complexes (plants, sections, departments, production lines, etc.) for the processing and disposal of oil sludge - oil-containing waste.

A technical solution is known (RF Patent No. 2078739 for application No. 93018114/25 with priority from 04/08/1993. Published: 05/10/1997; IPC ⁶ С02F 9/00, 11/00; "Line for the processing of oil sludge and bottom sediments of oil traps , flotators, sludge collectors ").

This well-known "Line for the processing of oil sludge and bottom sediments of oil traps, flotators, sludge collectors" consists of the following installations: a unit for collecting and pumping oil sludge with a capacity of 50 m ³ / h USPN-50-1, a unit for collecting and pumping bottom sediment with a capacity of 15 m ³ / h USPO-15-II, a sludge and bottom sediment separation unit with a capacity of 25 m ³ / h URDO-25 III, a bottom sediment processing unit with a capacity of 15 m ³ / h UPDO-15IV and an oil sludge processing unit with a capacity of 15 m ³ / h UPN-15V.

The USPN-50-I oil sludge collection and pumping unit provides for the collection, pulling of oil sludge, grinding of oil sludge clots, grass, branches and pumping of oil sludge. The installation USPN-50 contains a pump, a collection-chopper, a fence, a double-sided combined winch, coils for laying the fence.

The installation of collecting and pumping bottom sediment USPO-15-II provides the collection of bottom sediment, grinding clots, debris and

pumping bottom sediment. The USPO-15 installation contains a pump and a chopper.

The separation unit for oil sludge and bottom sediment URDO-25-III provides the separation and removal of large mechanical impurities larger than 10 mm, heating the oil sludge and bottom sediment to a temperature of 45 ° C, washing sand with demulsifier and steam, separating water, removing mechanical impurities, oil and water phases. The URDO-25 installation contains a demulsifier supply device, a self-cleaning filter, a tank for receiving and separating oil sludge with a conveyor for removing mechanical impurities and pumps. The tank is equipped with internal devices for separating and removing water and oil phases and a device for introducing water vapor. The UPDO-15-IV bottom sediment processing unit provides heating of oil sludge to a temperature of 80 ° C, separation, washing and removal of mechanical impurities. The UPDO-15 installation contains demulsifiers feed devices, a heater-mixer, a centrifuge, a deaerator, a pump and filters.

The oil sludge processing unit UPN-15-V provides oil sludge reheating to a temperature of 95 ° C, separation into refined oil products and water, as well as purification of oil and water from mechanical impurities. The UPN-15 installation contains a heat exchanger, separators, a capacity for receiving and separating periodic "shots" of separators with a conveyor for unloading solids.

The washing unit for oiled mechanical impurities UZG-5-VI provides the washing of oiled mechanical impurities from petroleum products using solvents. The UZG-5 installation contains a combined device for receiving, mixing, washing oiled mechanical impurities, a solvent input device, a capacity for washing mechanical impurities from solvent residues with a conveyor for unloading washed mechanical impurities.

A well-known line for the processing of oil sludge works as follows. A fence is laid out on the surface of the sludge collector, both ends of which are fixed on a two-sided combined winch. Depending on the wind load, the winch extends the right or left, or both ends of the fence, which are placed on coils, resulting in a load on the upper layers of oil sludge. A fragment of the fence is laid out inside the enclosed area of oil sludge, which ensures the delivery of the removed layers of oil sludge to the chopper-grinder. The fragment is moved by a winch. Oil sludge is taken and pumped by a pump, on the suction pipe of which there is a pick-up grinder for grinding clots of oil sludge, grass, branches and other garbage.

To collect the bottom sediment, a pump with a grinder intake is installed at the bottom of the sludge collector. The bottom sediment is collected and pumped. The chopper fence grinds oil clots and debris.

Oil sludge and bottom sediment pumped by the pump (hereinafter oil sludge) are supplied to the URDO-25 unit. With a special device, a demulsifier is fed into the sludge stream. Oil sludge with a demulsifier enters the self-cleaning filter, the detained large particles are removed from the filter into the container to collect mechanical impurities. Oil sludge purified from large particles enters the tank for receiving and separating oil sludge. Through a special device, water vapor is introduced into the oil sludge receiving zone to heat the oil sludge to a temperature of 45 ° C, which increases the effectiveness of the demulsifier. Under the influence of a demulsifier and water vapor, oil emulsions are destroyed and oiled mechanical impurities are washed off.

In the tank, oil sludge is separated into the oil phase, water and mechanical impurities. Mechanical impurities from the lower level of the tank discharged by the pump. Water is directed to a sludge collector at

erosion of the bottom sediment, and the oil phase is pumped to the installation of UPDO-15. With a special device, a demulsifier is fed into the oil phase stream. The oil phase enters the heater-mixer into which water vapor is introduced to heat the oil phase to a temperature of 80 ° C. Under the influence of a demulsifier and water vapor, additional washing of mechanical impurities occurs. The heated oil phase enters a two-phase centrifuge. Under the influence of centrifugal forces, condensed mechanical impurities are removed from the centrifuge into a container for collecting mechanical impurities. The purified phase from the centrifuge by gravity enters the deaerator, in which foam is deposited and air is vented. From the deaerator by the pump, the oil phase is directed to two periodically operating filters. A demulsifier is introduced into the oil stream to increase the degree of purification of the oil phase.

The purified liquid phase after the filters is directed to a heat exchanger, in which it is heated with water vapor to a temperature of 95 ° C and then fed to two parallel separators of the UPN-15 installation.

Under the influence of centrifugal forces in the separators, the oil phase is divided into oil product, aqueous phase and mechanical impurities.

The oil product and the water phase are discharged from the separators under pressure, and mechanical impurities are discharged with water periodically as they accumulate. Pure oil from the separators is sent to a tank for collecting pure oil. The aqueous phase from the separators is combined and sent to the separator for further treatment. The oil product removed from the separator is combined with the main stream of pure oil product from the separators, and the water flows to the treatment plant. “Shooting” (mechanical impurities with water) periodically removed from the separators is collected by gravity into the receiving and separation tank of the “shooting” separators. Water from the upper level of the tank is discharged into the treatment

structures, and washed mechanical impurities from the bottom of the tank are removed by a conveyor to the container to collect mechanical impurities.

The oiled mechanical impurities removed by the conveyor are fed to a combined device for receiving, mixing, washing the oiled mechanical impurities of the UZG-5 installation. A solvent is introduced into the bottom of the combination devices.

Washed mechanical impurities from the bottom of the tank for washing mechanical impurities from residual solvent by a conveyor are discharged into a container to collect mechanical impurities. To ensure the washing of solids from solvent residues, water is supplied to the tank from the URDO-25 installation.

The disadvantage of this known technological line is the complexity of its design and subsequent operation.

Of the known analogues, the closest in technical essence and the result achieved with this is "Installation and method of processing liquid sludge" (RF Patent No. 2276107 by application No. 2004115085/15 with prior. 05/19/2004. Published: 10/27/2005 and 10.05. 2006. IPC ⁷ C02F 1/40) - adopted as a PROTOTYPE.

The prototype installation (Fig. 1) contains: a block for receiving and heating oil sludge (1), a block for cleaning (2), a pump block (3), a block for receiving containers of purified oil-containing liquid (4). The capacity for receiving and heating the initial sludge (5) is equipped inside with tubular steam registers (not shown in the figure) and has a volume of 40 m ³ . Capacity (5) has a mesh box, covers and is equipped with a thermometer with a rod-holder (not shown in the figure). The cleaning unit (2) includes a vibrating screen (6) with a drain (7) and a container (8) for collecting separated impurities, an intermediate tank (9) for collecting oil-containing liquid after cleaning on a vibrating screen (6), a sand separator (hydrocyclone) (12), the second intermediate tank (11), desilter (hydrocyclone) (12), pumps (13 and 14). The block of consumable containers (4) includes a distribution manifold

(not shown in Fig.), slop tank (15) with steam registers inside, storage tanks (16).

The operation of the installation according to the prototype is as follows. Liquid oil sludge is delivered to the installation by vacuum machines from emergency oil spills or places of temporary storage of collected oil sludge. Vacuum machines call on the overpass and pour the contents into the mesh box of the receiving tank (5). Fragments of mechanical impurities larger than 25 mm are retained on the box mesh. Filling the container (5) is carried out to a level of not more than 10 cm from the upper edge, after which the container (5) is closed by covers. The sludge received in the receiving tank (5) is heated for several hours through the registers with saturated steam to a temperature of 70 ° C or more. Monitoring the temperature of the heating of oil sludge is carried out using a thermometer. During the warm-up period, to ensure maximum steam supply to the receiving tank (5), the steam supply to other units of the installation is blocked.

The sludge heated to the pumped state from the receiving tank (5) is pumped to the lower grid with a 0.16 mm mesh vibrating screen (6). The sludge supply is regulated by a valve on the pressure pipe of the pump in such a way that the flow of oily liquid does not occur outside the vibrating screen (6). On the vibrating screen (6), mechanical impurities larger than 0.16 mm are separated, which, as a result of linear vibrations, are discharged into the container (8) located under the vibrating screen.

The oily liquid, purified from large fractions of mechanical impurities, passes through the mesh cells and flows into an intermediate tank (9), from where it is fed into the sand separator hydrocyclones (10) by a slurry pump (13), where the second stage of purification takes place and particles of mechanical impurities with a diameter of up to 50 μm . The oil-containing liquid purified on the sand separator (10) flows

into the second intermediate tank (11), from where the slurry pump (14) is fed to the sludge separator hydrocyclones (12), where the third stage of purification takes place and particles of solids with a diameter of up to 30 microns are separated. The oily liquid purified on the sludge separator (12) enters the distribution manifold through the pipeline and then to the settling tank (15). Throughout the cycle, the oily liquid retains a viscoplastic state due to the high-speed operation mode of the cleaning unit and does not require additional heating. Particles of mechanical impurities separated by centrifugal forces from their sand separator (10) and sludge separator (12) fall on the upper mesh of the vibrating screen (6) with a mesh size of 0.04 mm and are dumped into the container (8). As they accumulate, contaminated solids are fed to a soil, soil, and oil sludge treatment plant.

An oil-containing liquid is sampled from a settling tank (15) for physicochemical analysis. Depending on the contamination of the original liquid sludge, its treatment is carried out in one, two or three cycles. For re-cleaning the hot oily liquid with a slurry pump (18), a cleaning cycle is pumped from the settling tank (15), as described above. The oil-containing liquid entering the second cleaning has a temperature of about 60 ° C due to heating in the tank (15).

After filling the settling tank (15), the oily liquid, when heated to 40-60 ° C, is sedimented in static mode for 8 hours. During this time, there is a separation into the aqueous, oil phases and the remaining mechanical impurities. Separated as a result of sludge, water from the sludge tank (15) is discharged into a foundation pit through a drainage collector. The settled oil phase from the settling tank (15) is either directly pumped through the intake manifold by a piston pump (17) into the raw materials tanks of the refinery or into storage tanks (16). As oil accumulates

from tanks (16), through a suction manifold, a piston pump (18) is supplied to the raw materials tanks of an oil refinery.

Periodically, at least once every 2 weeks, the tanks are mechanically cleaned of sediment (5, 15), if necessary, the tanks (16), as well as the tanks (9, 11) of the cleaning unit, for which drainage valves are provided in the tanks (19) to drain sediment into the pit.

The installation of the prototype provides a very effective processing and separation of oil from liquid waste - "fresh trap products."

The disadvantage of the installation of the prototype is the lack in its composition of the necessary equipment for the processing of oil sludge containing a significant amount of solid phase: sludge fractions, oiled land, etc.

The objective of the proposed utility model is the creation of a new hardware and technology complex that provides highly efficient processing and disposal of oil sludge with the utilization of oil-containing substances from them in the form of marketable products and / or intermediates.

The technical result that is achieved by the implementation of the developed utility model is to increase the degree of separation of water and oil phases and increase the degree of purification from the solid phase.

The problem is solved with the achievement of the above technical result by the proposed "Hardware-technological complex for the processing and disposal of oil sludge", including (Fig. 2): heated receiving tanks (1), strainers (not shown in the figure), pumps, pipelines with shut-off -regulating fittings, heated and heat-insulated intermediate tanks (2), tanks (tanks) with oil products purified from foreign impurities. New in the proposed utility model is that the intermediate tanks (only one tank is conventionally shown in the figure) - (2)

connected to the unit (3) for the preparation and dosage of chemicals for oil sludge treatment, and the output from the intermediate tanks (2) through the pump system (not shown in the figure) is sent to a high-speed three-phase centrifuge (4) connected to oil collectors (5) and water (6) fraction and a container (7) for collecting the solid phase separated from oil sludge. The containers (7) have screw connections (8) with mixer dryers (9-1 and 9-2), the output of which is connected by a screw conveyor (not shown in Fig.) To the feed hopper (10) of the thermal desorber (11), heated by furnace gases and made in the form of an inclined rotary tube furnace (12) and placed in a motionlessly installed case (13) of a thermal desorber (11) equipped with a discharge device (14) made in the form of a water-cooled pipe with an unloading screw conveyor (15) placed in it with hollow water-cooled shaft, exit the discharge troystva (14) is directed into the collecting container (16) of the heat treated material sent in briquetting (17), the outlet chamber (18) thermal desorbers (11) is connected to irrigation scrubber (19) for cleaning exhaust gases from a dust and low-boiling condensables hydrocarbons; the scrubber (19) is equipped with a drop-, mist eliminators (20) installed in the upper part of the scrubber, the oil-dust suspension exit from the lower zone of the scrubber (19) through the circulation pump (21) is sent to the filter system (22-1 and 22-2) connected to a collection tank (23) with condensed oil and through a water-cooled heat exchanger (25) with an oil-scrubber system (19); prefabricated tank (23) also has a connection with reservoirs (capacity) (24) for storage and subsequent shipment to consumers of oil products purified from foreign impurities.

IMPLEMENTATION OF A USEFUL MODEL

The initial oil sludge arriving for processing, neutralization and subsequent disposal is loaded into heated receiving tanks (1) equipped with mixing devices (not shown in the figure). Of these tanks, heated oil sludge is pumped through special coarse screen filters (not shown in Fig.) Using a system of pumps for further heating and chemical treatment to intermediate heated and insulated containers (2) equipped with mixers (not shown in Fig.). From the site (3) for the preparation and dosage of chemicals, intermediate containers (2) are fed by gravity or injected solutions of coagulants, demulsifiers and flocculants. Oil sludges heated and treated with the above chemical reagents are sent (for example, pumped) to a high-speed three-phase centrifuge (4), on which highly effective and high-quality separation of oil, water and solid phases (fractions) takes place. The oil fraction is collected in the reservoir (5), the aqueous fraction is collected in the reservoir (6), and the solid phase - the precipitate is collected in containers (7). From these containers (7), the solid phase (precipitations) is loaded with a screw connection (8) into mixer dryers (9-1 and 9-2), from where precipitations are conveyed by a screw conveyor (not shown in the figure) into the feed hopper (10) of the thermal desorber (eleven). From the feed hopper (10), a sediment containing up to 15% of petroleum products is sent to an inclined rotary tube furnace (12), which is heated externally by flue gases and placed in a motionlessly installed case (13) of the thermal desorber (11). Heat-treated material (sludge) - in the form of a powdered mass through the unloading device (14) is removed from the thermal desorber (11) and with an unloading screw conveyor (15), placed in a water-cooled pipe, unloaded into collection containers (16) and then sent to the briquetting system (17) ) Steam, dust and gas mixture formed during the heat treatment -

thermal desorption enters from the exit chamber (18) of the thermal desorber to an oil-wet scrubber (19), in which the dust from the thermal desorber is captured and low-boiling hydrocarbons (oil) are condensed, which are fed to the filter system (22-1 and 22- 2) - for cleaning condensed oil from solid phase (dust). The dust-free oil is partially fed to a water-cooled heat exchanger (25), and then to a scrubber (19) to irrigate a steam-, dust-gas mixture coming from a thermal desorber. A part of the condensed oil products (oils) from the collection tank (23) is pumped (or transferred by gravity) to the tank (tank) (24) for accumulation, storage and subsequent shipment to consumers as a commercial product / intermediate.

Claims (1)

Equipment and technological complex for oil sludge processing and disposal, including heated receiving tanks, strainers, pumps, pipelines with shut-off and control valves, heated and heat-insulated intermediate tanks, tanks with refined petroleum products, characterized in that the intermediate tanks have connections to the cooking unit and dosage of chemicals for the treatment of oil sludge, and the output from the intermediate tanks through the pump system is directed to a three-phase centrifuge, soy The containers are equipped with screw mixers and dryers, the outlet of which is connected by a screw conveyor to the feed hopper of a thermal desorber heated by flue gases and made in the form of an inclined rotary tube furnace, with containers for collecting oil and water fractions and containers for collecting the solid phase extracted from oil sludge. and placed in a motionlessly mounted case of a thermal desorber, equipped with a discharge device made in the form of a water-cooled pipe with a discharge screw with a hollow water-cooled shaft, the outlet from the unloading device is directed to containers-containers of heat-treated materials sent to the briquetting system, the exit chamber of the thermal desorber is connected to the irrigated scrubber for cleaning exhaust gases from dust and low-boiling condensing hydrocarbons, the scrubber is equipped with a droplet-mist eliminator installed in the upper part of the scrubber, the exit of the oil-dust suspension from the lower zone of the scrubber through the circulation pump is directed to the filter system connected to the failure hydrochloric capacity to condense the oil and water cooled through heat exchanger connected to maslooroshaemoy scrubber system.