RU2026831C1 - Petroleum sludge reprocessing and recycling line - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: processing of industrial sewage. SUBSTANCE: line has bottom sediment intaking device and bottom sediment processing apparatus. Petroleum sludge intaking device has units for drawing and laying guard for petroleum sludge portion to be processed, frame for supporting these units and pump with suction branch pipe provided with device for grinding mechanical contaminants and petroleum sludge coagulants. Fine filter and hydraulic cyclone have water supply system for supplying water to lower parts of their casings. Filter charging sensor is mounted on fine filter upper cover. Line has deemulsifier feeding devices disposed in front of pump for feeding petroleum sludge from thermal sump, in front of pump for feeding petroleum sludge to heat-exchanger and in front of mixer, from which sludge is delivered into separators. Line has mechanical contaminant discharge conveyer with additional drying units. Conveyor is extending from centrifuge to furnace, where mechanical contaminants are rendered harmless. Line has vessel for accumulating wastes from filter, hydraulic cyclone and separators Vessel has conveyor disposed inside it. EFFECT: increased efficiency and enhanced reliability in operation. 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of oil refining industry, in particular to installations for the processing of oil sludge.

 A known installation for processing oil sludge, which contains a suction device - pumps that take fresh oil sludge, heat exchangers for heating oil sludge, coarse filters, hydrocyclones, centrifuges, separators. The output is oil products and a water emulsion.

 A disadvantage of the known installation is that the intake device does not provide a fence for viscous oil sludge for long-term storage, and the water emulsions at the outlet turn out to be so stubbornly contaminated that they are returned to sludge collectors, where they accumulate, forming ponds, polluting the environment.

 The aim of the invention is to provide the possibility of processing persistent, viscous, with a high content of mechanical impurities, caked in the process of accumulation and storage of oil sludge and bottom sediment, reducing harmful emissions into the atmosphere, reducing labor-intensive operations, increasing the level of automation while improving the quality of the released oil products and water.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that the line containing pumps connected by pipelines, a suction device, sedimentation tanks, filters, a hydrocyclone, a centrifuge, heat exchangers, separators, refrigerators and a furnace for heat treatment of mechanical impurities, according to the invention is equipped with devices for collecting and processing bottom sediment, an oil sludge intake unit is made in the type of device for pulling and laying the fence of the treated oil sludge section and the pump installed on the supporting frame, the suction pipe of which has a device Your grinding of mechanical impurities and clots of oil sludge, a fine filter and a hydrocyclone are made with a water supply system to the lower part of their housings, a liquid filling control sensor is installed in the upper part of the filter, the line is also equipped with demulsifiers supply devices located in front of the oil sludge supply pump from the sump and before a pump for supplying oil sludge to separators, a conveyor with a dryer for removing impurities, located from a centrifuge to a furnace for heat treatment of impurities, and the line is also equipped zhennoy between the heat exchanger and the separator tank filter of waste and hydrocyclone separators mounted within the conveyor and perforated partitions.

 In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the line; in FIG. 2 - a device for the collection, preparation and pumping of oil sludge; in FIG. 3 - device for the collection, preparation and pumping of bottom sediment; in FIG. 4 - a device for processing bottom sediment; in FIG. 5 - oil sludge processing unit; in FIG. 6 is a functional diagram of the line in block-complete design.

 The line contains the following nodes: device 1 for collecting, preparing and pumping oil sludge, device 2 for collecting, preparing and pumping bottom sediment, device 3 for processing bottom sediment, unit 4 for processing oil sludge and unit 5 for heat treatment of condensed solids.

 The device for the collection, preparation and pumping of oil sludge from the sludge collector is made in the form of a metal container 6, on the supporting frame 7 of which the end 8 of the fence 8 of the surface of the sludge collector surface 8 and the pump 10, the suction pipe 11 of which has a device 12 for grinding mechanical impurities and clots of oil sludge are rigidly fixed. The pump drive of the grinding device is compressed air. The second end of the fence 9 is mounted on the device for pulling and laying the fence - pneumatic winch 13, is wrung out and wound on reels 14.

 The collection and pumping of the bottom sediment is carried out by equipment in a metal container 15, equipped with a piston pump 16, a intake 17 on the suction line of the pump. To move the intake 17 along the bottom of the sludge collector, a winch 18 is used with an external support 19. To erode the bottom sediment, a piston pump 20 is used, which draws water from the sludge collector and delivers it to the intake zone 17.

 The bottom sediment processing device is designed to separate solids from an aqueous suspension of bottom sediment and contains a coarse filter 21 with a screw 22 for removing impurities, a centrifugal pump 23, a self-cleaning filter 24 with periodic discharge of sediment, a centrifuge 25, a container 26 with a scraper conveyor 27 for collection , sludge and input of the liquid phase and solids, and a pump 28 for outputting the purified bottom sediment.

 The oil sludge processing unit is designed to receive, prepare and process oil sludge accumulated in sludge collectors and newly generated during wastewater treatment to obtain an oil product with a water content of not more than 1% and water with a hydrocarbon content of 0.05-0.1%.

 The assembly contains a coarse filter 29 for cleaning large mechanical impurities, a pump 30, a sump 31, a pump 32 that directs oil sludge to a mixing device 33, a pump 34 for supplying oil sludge to a fine filter 35 for cleaning from mechanical impurities larger than 2 mm.

 The assembly also contains a hydrocyclone 36, a two-phase centrifuge 37, from which the centrifuge enters the deaerator 38, a pump 39 for supplying oil sludge to the heat exchanger 40.

 On the top cover of the fine filter 35, a filter filling sensor 41 is installed. In the lower part of the fine filter 35 and hydrocyclone 36 are made fittings 42 for supplying water.

 The heated oil sludge enters two three-phase centrifugal separators 43 and 44, of which the obtained oil product is sent to a plate cooler 45, then to a tank 46 for collecting oil products, from which it is pumped out by a pump 47.

 Behind the separators 43 and 44 there is equipment for the purification of the aqueous phase obtained in them, containing another separator 48 (third) of the same design as the first two, a mixer 49 for mixing the aqueous phase with a demulsifier, a refrigerator 50, a tank 51, a pump 52 output the aqueous phase, the capacity 53 collection "otrely" with a perforated partition (not shown), with a conveyor 54 for output of condensed mechanical impurities to heat treatment.

 To supply the demulsifier, metering pumps 55, 56, 57 are installed.

 The thermal neutralization unit comprises a rotary drum furnace 58 for neutralizing condensed solids, equipped with a screw conveyor 59 having a jacket for supplying water vapor.

 The oil sludge processing unit is manufactured and delivered in block-complete design. The composition of technological units: coarse filtration unit 60, injection units 61, 62, 63, 64, centrifugation unit 65, separation unit 66, oil product transfer unit 67, water phase pumping unit 68. The composition of the units includes technological equipment, K&A devices, valves, actuators and piping. The design of the blocks provides maximum ease of maintenance, operation, minimum material consumption, ease of installation.

The thermal treatment unit has a flue gas afterburner 69, a flue gas heat recovery system 70, a flue gas treatment system 71 for SO _x and NO _x .

 The line works as follows.

 The suction nozzle 11 of the piston pump 10 is lowered into the sludge collector of the oil sludge, the surface section of the sludge collector is enclosed by the device 12 for grinding the mechanical impurities, the guard 9 is attached to the pneumatic winch 13. The guard 9 is pulled out, squeezed out on the pneumatic winch 13 and wound onto the bobbin 14. The crushed oil slurry is fed and collected piston pump 10. After completion of work, all equipment is cleaned in a container 6.

 To collect the bottom sediment, a piston pump 16 is lowered to the bottom of the sludge collector with a intake 17 on the suction line of the pump. The bottom sediment is washed away by the piston pump 20 with water from the sludge collector. The wound bottom sediment is crushed in the intake 17 and fed by a piston pump 16 to the coarse filter 21, where it is cleaned of large particles larger than 15 mm. Mechanical impurities are constantly removed by auger 22 and sent to heat treatment. From the filter 21, the bottom sediment is sent to a centrifugal pump 23 and fed to a self-cleaning filter 24 with periodic discharge of the sediment, in which more than 3 mm of particles are cleaned. The purified bottom sediment enters a centrifuge 25. Under the influence of centrifugal forces, the separation of mechanical impurities from the liquid phase occurs. Condensed mechanical impurities are removed from the centrifuge 25, and the liquid phase is sent to the container 26 for collecting the liquid phase with self-discharge.

 The design of the container 26 also allows the reception of the "sharp points" of the filter 24, their sedimentation and the withdrawal of the liquid phase.

 Mechanical impurities settle to the bottom of the tank 26, from where they are removed by a scraper conveyor 27 and sent to heat treatment. The liquid phase (cleaned sludge) flows from the upper level of the tank 26 into the centrifugal pump 28 and is sent for further processing. After the work is completed, the equipment for collecting, preparing and pumping bottom sediment is removed into the container 15.

The upper oil sludge taken from the sludge collector, the products of processing the bottom sediment of the sludge collector, the trap oil product and the bottom sediment of the oil trap are fed to the coarse filter 29, in which they are cleaned of mechanical impurities larger than 10 mm. The filtrate from the filter 29 enters the pump 30 and is pumped into the heat sump 31. The mechanical impurities from the filter 29 are discharged into the container and must be thermally treated. Oil sludge in termootstoynike 31 is heated to a temperature of 80 ^{° C,} then to stand for 2 hours under heating off, then output the free water which is sent to purification facilities (not shown). Gases formed during the heating of oil sludge are sent to thermal decontamination. The prepared oil sludge from the thermal sump 31 is taken by the pump 32 and sent to the mixing device 33, which averages the oil sludge.

 In the suction pipe of the pump 32 is served demulsifier dosing pump 55.

 The composition-averaged oil sludge from the mixing device 33 is supplied by the pump 34 to the filter 35, where it is cleaned of mechanical impurities larger than 2 mm. The filtrate from the filter 35 is sent to a hydrocyclone 36, in which abrasive heavy particles, sand, are taken from the oil sludge.

 Mechanical impurities from the filter 35 and the hydrocyclone 36 are discharged with water into the container 53.

 Oil sludge, purified from large and abrasive particles, enters a two-phase centrifuge 37, in which heavy mechanical impurities are removed from the oil sludge, which are then subject to thermal treatment. The centrate from the centrifuge 37 enters the deaerator 38, in which the centrifuge settles with quenching of the foam and the release of air from it. The gases leaving the deaerator 38 are sent for thermal decontamination.

From the deaerator 38 purified oil sludge pump 39 is supplied to the heat exchanger 40, which is heated by steam to a temperature of ^about 95-98 C. During the suction inlet of the pump 39 supplied to the metering pump 56 demulsifier.

Preheated to a temperature of 95-98 ^{° C} oil sludge flows into two parallel-operating three-phase centrifugal separator 43 and 44, in which the petroleum product is separated into oil sludge and aqueous phases, periodically, the accumulation is output mechanical impurities. Of the separators 43 and 44 of petroleum derived pressure plate in the refrigerator 45, in which cold water is cooled to a temperature of 40 ^{° C,} and fed to the oil collection tank 46 from which pump 47 is pumped to the consumer.

 The aqueous phase from the separators 43 and 44 is sent to the third separator 48. Before the aqueous phase is fed into the separator 48, the demulsifier is introduced into the mixer 49 by the pump 57, where the demulsifier is mixed with the aqueous phase, ensuring the completeness of the reaction.

Finally, the purified oil from the aqueous phase from separator 48 is output to the refrigerator 50 is cooled by water to a temperature of 40 ^{° C} and fed into the vessel 51 collecting the aqueous phase, from which the pump 52 is pumped to the treatment plant. The oil product from the separator 48 is combined with the main stream of the oil product.

 Periodically removed from the separators, mechanical impurities with an aqueous phase are sent to a container 53 for collecting these wastes, in which sediment and sedimentation of mechanical impurities occurs, which are then conveyed to conveyor 59 by conveyor 54 and fed to thermal decontamination unit 5.

 For drying mechanical impurities, the conveyor 59 is equipped with steam heating. Gases exhausted during drying are removed and fed for thermal treatment, which is carried out in a rotary kiln 58 of a drum type. All waste fed into the combustion zone of furnace 58 contains no more than 40% moisture, which allows to increase the service life of the furnace lining. Furnace 58 is fueled by natural gas.

Flue gases from the furnace 58 enter the afterburner 69 for complete combustion of harmful impurities. Next, the flue gases from the afterburner 69 are fed to a heat recovery system 70, where the heat of the flue gases is taken away by water to produce water vapor. The flue gases are then sent to a flue gas treatment system 71, where flue gases are cleaned from fine dust particles SO _x and NO _x .

 The oil products received on the claimed production line are sent for thermal cracking of the oil, the aqueous phase is sent for biological treatment, and the exhaust gases after thermal treatment, purified from sulfur and nitrogen compounds, are released into the atmosphere.

 The device for the collection, preparation and pumping of oil sludge, the collection, preparation and pumping of bottom sediment, the processing of bottom sediment and the processing of oil sludge are explosion-proof and operate in an automatic mode controlled by a computer.

Claims (1)

 A LINE FOR PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL OF OIL SLUDGES, comprising pumps connected by pipelines, an oil sludge intake device, a heat sump, fine and coarse filters, a hydrocyclone, a centrifuge, a heat exchanger, mixers, separators, refrigerators and a heat treatment unit for mechanical impurities, characterized in that collection and treatment of bottom sediment, oil sludge intake device is made in the form of a device installed on the support frame for pulling up the laying of the fence a section of oil sludge and a pump, the suction pipe of which is equipped with a device for grinding mechanical impurities and clots of oil sludge, a fine filter and a hydrocyclone are made with a water supply system to the lower part of their housings and a liquid filling control sensor installed in the upper part of the filter, the line is also equipped with feeding devices demulsifiers located in front of the pump for the supply of oil sludge from the heat sump and in front of the pump and mixer for the supply of oil sludge to the separators, a conveyor with drying output s located on the centrifuge to the furnace for thermal mechanical impurities, and also provided with a line situated between the heat exchanger and the separator tank filter of waste and hydrocyclone separators mounted within the conveyor.

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