RU79885U1 - INSTALLATION FOR DISPOSAL OF SOLID AND / OR LIQUID OIL-CONTAINING WASTE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to devices for the processing of oily waste (sludge, drilling waste) and can be used in the oil, oil refining and other industries, the production facilities of which are the formation, storage and long-term storage in earthen barns or concrete sludge collectors of a significant amount of oily waste. Installation for the disposal of solid and / or liquid oily waste contains a sump for separating waste into liquid and solid fractions, an oil separator and a device for heat treatment. The oil separator is communicated with the exit through the liquid fraction of the sump for separation of waste, connected to the oil collector and through a filter with an evaporator. The latter provides evaporation of the liquid and obtaining a concentrated solution of salt and condensate. The output of the evaporator in a concentrated salt solution is communicated with the combustion chamber of a heat treatment device to obtain dry salt. The condensate evaporator output through the condenser is connected in series with the biofilter and the purified water collector for its accumulation. The output of the settling tank for separating waste by solid fraction is communicated with a device for heat treatment for drying, followed by burning of organic substances and obtaining an inert mineral material. The utility model allows to significantly expand the technical capabilities by ensuring the maximum processing of oily waste and their disposal without violating the environmental cleanliness of the environment. 5 cp f-ly, 2 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to devices for the processing of oily waste (sludge, drilling waste) and can be used in the oil, oil refining and other industries, the production facilities of which are the formation, storage and long-term storage in earthen barns or concrete sludge collectors of a significant amount of oily waste .

In the oil industry and oil refining, a large amount of toxic waste accumulates annually, including a third of which is oil-containing waste, in particular oil sludge and drilling waste. The problem of their disposal is extremely relevant both from an environmental point of view and from the point of view of using oily waste as a secondary raw material in order to extract valuable hydrocarbon components from them and obtain useful products for use in various industries, mainly in the fuel, construction and .P.

A device for processing oil sludge is known, in which oil sludge is treated with a demulsifier, heated to 40-50 ° C and sedimented with separation into oil products and aqueous phases, water-sludge and oiled mechanical impurities. The oil phase is used as boiler fuel, the aqueous phase is removed and sent to the bottom sediment to be washed into the sludge collector, the water-sludge suspension is used as a nutrient medium for growing microorganisms, and oil-contaminated

mechanical impurities after washing them with a solvent and water vapor are introduced into a water-sludge suspension with grown microorganisms and at a temperature of 30-35 ° C for 2–3 days they are neutralized under aerobic conditions and purified mechanical impurities are removed (see patent RU 2116265, Cl. C02F 11/00, published July 27, 1998). The disadvantages of the known device are the duration of the recycling process, the use of additional substances - solvent and emulsifier, as well as the presence of an unreposed precipitate.

A device for processing oily waste (sludge), in which the sludge is preliminarily dehydrated using a mechanical grinder, followed by heat treatment at a temperature of 300-400 ° C in a rotary tube mixer by mixing dehydrated "cold" oil sludge with crushed stone (gravel) in a mass ratio of 1 : 2 or 1: 3, preheated in a rotary rotary kiln, and to maintain the heat treatment temperature in the rotary mixer within the specified limits, flue gases from the kiln are fed into it her heating gravel or gravel (see patent RU 2156750, CL. C02F 11/12, publ. 02.25.1998). The disadvantages of the known device include the need to provide the installation with a large amount of crushed stone (gravel), as well as high energy consumption for its heat treatment in a mixture with oil sludge.

The disadvantages of the known solutions also lie in the fact that they do not allow the complete utilization of solid and / or liquid oily waste, and do not provide high efficiency and a complete cycle of processing of raw materials, including waste, irrationally use the heat obtained during combustion, while high losses hydrocarbons produced are due to the design of the devices. When processing drilling waste containing a large amount of aggressive water-soluble salts (usually potassium or calcium chlorides), the known devices do not allow for their disposal, since salts remain in the processed product.

The objective of the utility model is to eliminate these drawbacks. The technical result consists in expanding technical capabilities by ensuring maximum processing of oily waste and their disposal without violating the environmental cleanliness of the environment.

The problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved by the fact that the installation for the disposal of solid and / or liquid oily waste containing a device for heat treatment, a sump for separating waste into liquid and solid fractions and an oil separator, which is in communication with the output of the liquid fraction of the sump for separation waste associated with the oil collector and through a filter with an evaporation unit that provides evaporation of the liquid and obtaining a concentrated solution of salt and condensate, while the output of the evaporator the concentrated salt solution unit is in communication with the combustion chamber of the heat treatment device for obtaining salt in dry form, and the condensate outlet through the condenser is connected in series with the biofilter and the purified water collector for its accumulation, while the outlet of the settling tank for solid waste separation is communicated with a device for heat treatment for drying, followed by burning out organic substances and obtaining an inert mineral material. It is preferable that a multi-stage vacuum evaporation unit or a thermal cracking unit providing high-temperature processing be used as an evaporator.

It is advisable that the biofilter be made in the form of a cylindrical two-section housing with an upper entrance and two grids, upper and lower, between which filter material in the form of polymer granules is located, while condensate atomizing nozzles are installed at the entrance. The device for heat treatment can be connected using a conveying means, in particular a screw, with a collection of inert mineral material, and communicated with a dust collector for collecting and condensing impurities and dust from flue gases.

Figure 1 shows a General diagram of a device for the disposal of solid and / or liquid oily waste, including a settling tank for separating waste and a device for heat treatment that runs on gas fuel, and their relationship with each other;

figure 2 - shows a General diagram of a device for the disposal of solid and / or liquid oily waste, including oil separator, multi-stage vacuum evaporation unit, a biofilter and their relationship with each other.

In the drawings, the following notation:

1. Solid waste, in particular drill cuttings;

2. Boot device;

3. Sump for separation of waste into liquid and solid fractions;

4. Auger;

5. Device for heat treatment;

6. The combustion chamber (firebox);

7. Auger;

8. The container for salts;

9. Conveyor with jacket for cooling;

10. Hopper for annealed sludge;

11. Annealed granular inert mineral material;

12. “Wet” scrubber - dust collector;

13. Capacitor;

14. Circulation water;

15. Smoke exhauster;

16. Burner for afterburning of impurities in flue gases;

17. Concentrated salt solution at the outlet of a multi-stage vacuum evaporation plant;

18. Coolant, in particular water used to replenish the dust collector;

19. The coolant, in particular the water used by the capacitor 40;

20. Cooling water directed from the condenser 40 to the cooling tower (not shown in the drawings);

21. Gas fuel for burners of a device for heat treatment;

22. A liquid fraction based on saline containing petroleum products;

23. Water intended for erosion of sludge in the sump 3 and which is contaminated water coming from the oil separator 26 after settling;

24. Contaminated water delivered by vehicles

25. Sludge from the oil separator;

26. Oil separator;

27. The filter with gravel and sand filtering material;

28. heat exchanger;

29. Multistage vacuum evaporation plant;

30. Vacuum line of the evaporator;

31. Condensate collector;

32. A fan for discharging a gaseous medium from a biofilter 33;

33. Biofilter;

34. Ultraviolet lamp;

35. Purified water;

36. The coolant (direct), in particular water or steam entering the vacuum evaporation unit 29;

37. The heat carrier (return), in particular water or steam coming from a vacuum evaporator 29;

38. Spent gravel and sand filling from the filter 27;

39. Oil used for oil treatment;

40. Capacitor.

Installation for the disposal of solid and / or liquid oily waste, in particular, drill cuttings 1, contains a sump 3 for separating waste into liquid and solid fractions, a device 5 for the heat treatment of solid fractions and concentrated salt solution. The device 5 runs on gas fuel 21 and provides drying of the solid fraction at T = 100-500 ° C, as well as burning out of organic matter from it at T = 300-700 ° C to obtain annealed granular inert mineral material 11 suitable for use in the national economy, in particular for the construction of roads. In addition, the device 5 provides annealing of a concentrated salt solution at T = 300-700 ° C to obtain a salt concentrate in dry form and water vapor and polymers removed in the flue gas stream. The heat treatment device 5 is connected by means of conveying means, in particular auger 9, to a collector 10 of inert mineral material 11, and communicated with a dust collector, namely, a “wet” scrubber 12, designed to trap dust and condense impurities from flue gases generated in device 5.

The installation has an oil separator 26, which is connected with the output of the liquid fraction of the settling tank 3 for waste separation and is connected to the oil collector through line 39 and through a filter with an evaporator 29, which provides evaporation of the liquid and thereby obtaining a concentrated solution of salt and condensate. As an evaporator, a multi-stage vacuum evaporator is used, which provides a high degree of concentration and a reduction in energy consumption for the evaporation process. It is possible to use a thermal cracking installation as an evaporator, providing high-temperature processing (not shown in the drawings).

The output from the concentrated salt solution 17 of the evaporator 29 is communicated with the combustion chamber (furnace) of the heat treatment device 5 to obtain the concentrated salt in dry form, and the condensate output through the condenser 40 is in series communicated with the biofilter 33 and the collector

(not shown) of purified water for its accumulation. In one embodiment, the biofilter 33 is made in the form of a cylindrical two-section housing with an upper inlet arrangement and with two grids: an upper and a lower one, between which there is a filter material made in the form of polymer granules, and condensate atomizing nozzles are installed at the inlet.

Installation works as follows.

Solid and / or liquid oily wastes, in particular drill cuttings 1, are delivered for processing and disposal by road. Sludge 1 is discharged into loading device 2, where water is first poured from oil separator 26 and circulated by a pump. The amount of liquid is determined by the physical state of the sludge: solid sludge and / or liquid, or semi-liquid. Next, the sludge 1 enters the sump 3 for its separation into liquid and solid fractions. The sump 3 can be made conical, which is also filled with water, for example from the oil separator 26, or circulating water 14. In the sump 3, if necessary, the sludge is washed out and thawed.

A liquid fraction 22 based on a saline solution containing petroleum products is fed to the oil separator 26 by a slurry pump, and a slurry sludge from a sump 3 by auger 4 is fed to a heat treatment device 5. In order to avoid clogging of the lower drain of the sump with sludge, a system for supplying pressurized water to the lower drain is provided for loosening the sediment.

In addition, the oil separator 26 serves contaminated with oil products and salts of water 24, which is delivered for processing by road. By its design, the oil separator 26 is a steel vertically arranged cylindrical body with a conical bottom and a vertical partition in the upper part. The oil separator 26 is equipped with level gauges that allow draining the oil layer into an external tank by gravity for reuse of oil. Challenge

Settled sludge sludge is produced through a pipe located in the lower part of the cone. The water 23 formed during the settling process in the oil separator 26 is fed to the sludge to be washed into the sump 3 or to be evaporated. Before evaporation, water 23, or rather salt solution, is subjected to purification on filters 27, the amount of which is determined from the continuity of the filtration process, while the filters operate alternately. It is advisable to use sand and gravel mixtures as filter materials. Structurally, each filter is a steel vertically arranged cylindrical housing filled with filter material. If one of the filters is clogged with contaminants trapped from the solution, the filtration is transferred to the second filter, and the contaminated filter is washed. Filtered contaminated water 23 is supplied to a heat exchanger 28 for preheating before evaporation. Heating is carried out to a temperature of about 60 ° C with hot water - condensate supplied from the condensate collector 31. Next, the heated water 23 - saline solution, is fed to the evaporation unit 29 for evaporation. In one embodiment, the unit 29 is multi-stage and is a four-shell vertical vacuum evaporator with external heaters.

The passage of evaporated water 23 through the steps occurs from the highest temperature to the lowest stage with a temperature drop of approximately 15 ° C along the steps, while the temperature of the first stage can vary over a wide range, of the order of 200-90 ° C.

The temperature in the steps of evaporation can be, for example, such:

1 stage evaporation 100 ° C,

2 stage evaporation 85 ° C,

3 stage evaporation of 70 ° C,

4 stage evaporation of 55 ° C.

The heating agent in the first stage of evaporation is superheated water with a temperature of 110 ° C. The subsequent stages are heated by secondary steam from the previous evaporation stage.

The circulation of the evaporated solution inside the steps is carried out by pumps.

Evaporation of contaminated water 23 is carried out until the volume decreases by 7-8 times (an increase in the concentration of solids in one stripped off contaminated water, i.e., a solution of salts, occurs from about 4.5-5% to 35-40%). As a result of evaporation, a concentrated solution of salts and condensate are obtained. Condensate from the last stage is discharged through a condenser 40. All condensate is collected in a collector 31. The condensate, like a coolant 18, is sent to the flue gas for irrigation to a condenser 13 or to cooling to a heat exchanger 28 (heater), where the water 23 passed through the filters is heated before evaporation . In this case, the condensate is cooled to a temperature of about 20-30 ° C, after which it is sent for cleaning to the biofilter 33. The biofilter 33 is a cylindrical two-section apparatus with two grids - upper and lower, between them there is a filter layer of polymer granules. From the bottom, compressed air is supplied to the filter layer to ensure aeration of the biofilm; from above, the purified waste water (condensate) is sprayed through the nozzles into the filter layer. Water passes through all sections of the filter in series, moving is carried out by pumps. The purified water 35 leaving the biofilter 33 is fed for disinfection to the sterilization unit by ultraviolet irradiation with a UV 34 lamp. The purified and disinfected water is used repeatedly, or in the installation itself, namely, it is sent to recharge the cooling tower water system, or for other purposes. As a result of evaporation of contaminated water 23, condensate and a concentrated salt solution are formed, which are sent to a heat treatment device 5 on a screw conveyor located in the combustion chamber. In the process of moving the salt solution by the screw 7, intense heating of the transport system by flue gases occurs, resulting in

The fluid is removed and the polymers present in the drilling fluids are annealed. Evaporated (burned out) substances are removed through openings in the upper part of the screw housing 7. The temperature regime of the device 5 is disclosed above. At the exit of the device 5, the dry salt is collected in thermally insulated containers.

In the same device 5, the heat treatment of the solid fraction of the sludge is carried out. The purpose of heat treatment of the solid fraction of sludge sludge 1 is to clean it (render harmless) from oil impurities and substances that make up drilling fluids (salts, polymeric substances, etc.).

Heat treatment (drying and firing) is carried out in the device for heat treatment 5 in two stages. Drying takes place on a grate in a fluidized bed, subsequent firing is carried out directly in the furnace of the processor.

The product is fed into the chamber of the thermal processor by auger 4.

The thermal mode of operation in one of the options may be as follows:

Temperature in the drying zone (fluidized bed) 300 ° C Temperature in the combustion chamber 800 ° C Sludge and salt firing temperature 500-600 ° C.

Dry annealed sludge, which is annealed granular inert mineral material 11, is collected in the lower zone of the device 5, from where it is fed by a conveyor 9 to a collection of inert mineral material, namely, to a receiving hopper 10 for annealed sludge. The hopper 10 is made in the form of a steel vertically arranged cylindrical shape of the body with a conical bottom, equipped with a level switch, at the signal of which the annealed sludge is unloaded.

Cooling the annealed dry sludge is carried out by supplying a coolant conveyor 9 to the “water jacket”.

The resulting inert mineral material 11 is used, in particular, as a road building material.

The flue gases containing dust coming from the device 5 for thermal processing are fed to a dust collector, namely to a “wet” scrubber 12.

The scrubber 12 is a vertical cylindrical housing with a conical bottom made of stainless steel and equipped with nozzles for spraying water located in the upper part of the housing.

In the upper part of the scrubber 12 there is a capacitor 13 for trapping and condensing impurities and vapors from flue gases, which enter the housing from below.

Flue gases after irrigation with circulating water enter the condenser 13, in which water 14 circulates for irrigation of the gases, feeding the coolant 18 from the collector 31, sprayed by nozzles. In this case, condensation of vapors present in the exhaust gases after drying and firing, and additional capture of impurities from the flue gases. The circulation water 14 is partially diverted to the erosion of sediment in the sump 3.

The cleaned flue gases from the exhaust fan 15 are sent to a burner 16 for afterburning of impurities, where there is additional combustion of the remaining impurities in the gas stream, after which the purified gas is released into the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe.

The utility model allows to significantly expand the technical capabilities by ensuring the maximum processing of oily waste and their disposal without violating the environmental cleanliness of the environment.

Claims (4)

1. Installation for the disposal of solid and / or liquid oily waste containing a device for heat treatment, a sump for separating waste into liquid and solid fractions and an oil separator, which is in communication with the output of the liquid fraction of the sump for separating waste, connected to the oil reservoir and through a filter - with an evaporator that provides evaporation of the liquid and obtaining a concentrated salt and condensate solution, while the output of the evaporator in a concentrated salt solution is communicated with the combustion chamber devices for heat treatment to obtain salt in a dry form, and the condensate outlet through a condenser is successively communicated with a biofilter and a purified water collector for its accumulation, while the outlet of the settling tank for separating waste by solid fraction is communicated with a heat treatment device for drying, followed by burning organic matter and inert mineral material. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that a multi-stage vacuum evaporation unit or a thermal cracking unit providing high-temperature processing is used as the evaporator. 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the biofilter is made in the form of a cylindrical two-section housing with an upper entrance and two grids, upper and lower, between which filter material in the form of polymer granules is located, while condensate atomizing nozzles are installed at the entrance . 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for thermal processing is connected by means of conveying means, in particular a screw, to a collection of inert mineral material and communicated with a dust collector for collecting and condensing impurities and dust from flue gases.