CN115044387B - Oil-based rock debris treatment system and process - Google Patents
Oil-based rock debris treatment system and process Download PDFInfo
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- CN115044387B CN115044387B CN202210744355.6A CN202210744355A CN115044387B CN 115044387 B CN115044387 B CN 115044387B CN 202210744355 A CN202210744355 A CN 202210744355A CN 115044387 B CN115044387 B CN 115044387B
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- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 141
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 131
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019476 oil-water mixture Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 122
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012858 packaging process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of oil-based rock debris recovery, and discloses an oil-based rock debris treatment system which comprises a feeding unit and a thermal desorption unit which are connected with each other, wherein the thermal desorption unit comprises a thermal desorption main body provided with a thermal desorption chamber and a combustion chamber, the thermal desorption chamber is communicated with a thermal desorption exhaust pipe with a three-way structure, and a water spraying unit is arranged in the thermal desorption chamber; the other two ends of the thermal desorption exhaust pipe are respectively communicated with a condensing unit and a tail gas treatment unit, and two ports for connecting the condensing unit and the tail gas treatment unit are respectively provided with a control valve. According to the scheme, the thermal desorption exhaust pipe with the three-way structure and the reasonable control of the two control valves are adopted, so that mixed oil gas generated in the thermal desorption chamber can accurately enter the condensing unit, waste gas generated by water spraying and cooling can accurately enter the tail gas treatment unit, and the oil-based rock debris treatment process is ensured to be accurately and efficiently carried out.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil-based rock debris treatment, in particular to an oil-based rock debris treatment system and an oil-based rock debris treatment process.
Background
In the shale gas exploitation and drilling process, oil-based drilling fluid is generally used for solving the engineering problems of shale hydration, lost circulation, expansion, collapse and the like, but an oil-based mud and rock debris mixture (oil-based rock debris for short) is produced by a solid control circulation system, and the oil-based rock debris generally consists of oil, water, asphalt, drill cuttings, high molecular compounds and other impurities, wherein mineral oil is difficult to degrade in the environment and belongs to special dangerous waste. At present, the treatment methods for the oil-based rock debris mainly comprise an incineration method, a microbial degradation method, a thermal analysis method, an extraction method and the like, wherein the thermal analysis process is to put the oil-based rock debris into an anoxic environment and heat the oil-based rock debris to 420-450 ℃ so as to distill out water and oil in the oil-based rock debris, then condense the water and oil to recycle the oil, and meanwhile, the oil-based rock debris is changed into harmless waste residues after the pyrolysis treatment. Because of different geological conditions in different countries or different regions of China, the drilling fluid treatment machines used in the drilling process have large difference, so that the produced oil-based rock cuttings have different costs, particularly the oil content, the water content, the ash content and the chloride ion content in the oil-based rock cuttings have large difference, for example, the average ash content of the oil-based rock cuttings in Chongqing region of China is 24.058%, so that the ash content of the oil-based rock cuttings in the region is high, and a method for better treating the ash is lacked in the prior art.
For example, the prior art CN204310925U discloses an indirect heating thermal desorption treatment device for oily solid waste, which comprises an automatic control unit, a feeding pretreatment unit, a feeding metering and protecting unit and an indirect heating and thermal desorption unit which are sequentially communicated through a conveying mode of oily solid waste, a desorption gas-oil-gas outlet of the indirect heating and thermal desorption unit is connected with a desorption gas separation and purification unit, a discharge port of the indirect heating and thermal desorption unit is connected with a residue post-treatment unit, the indirect heating and thermal desorption unit consists of a heating cavity and a thermal desorption cavity, a heated part of the thermal desorption cavity is arranged in the heating cavity, and an inner space of the thermal desorption cavity and an inner space of the heating cavity are two cavities which are independently separated and are not communicated with each other.
Although the treatment device can treat the oil-based rock debris with low porosity, higher oil content and higher oil distillation point, when the device is used for treating the oil-based rock debris with higher ash content, a large amount of dust is easy to generate in the thermal desorption process due to higher ash content in the oil-based rock debris, and the dust content in the thermal desorption chamber is increased along with the continuous thermal desorption until the thermal desorption is completed. When the mixed oil gas in the thermal desorption chamber is pumped out of the thermal desorption chamber, a petroleum hydrocarbon steam filter is required to be arranged at an outlet for filtering, so that the equipment cost is increased, and when the mixed oil gas with large dust quantity is filtered by using the petroleum hydrocarbon steam filter, the filter is easy to be blocked to influence the filtering speed, and the efficiency of the whole processing technology is easy to be influenced; and the filter is easy to damage in the use process, so that the treatment cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an oil-based rock debris treatment system and process, which are used for solving the technical problem that pipelines are easy to be blocked when oil-based rock debris with high ash content is treated in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the oil-based rock debris treatment system comprises a feeding unit and a thermal desorption unit which are connected with each other, wherein the thermal desorption unit comprises a thermal desorption main body with a thermal desorption chamber and a combustion chamber, the thermal desorption chamber is communicated with a thermal desorption exhaust pipe with a three-way structure, and a water spraying unit is arranged in the thermal desorption chamber; the other two ends of the thermal desorption exhaust pipe are respectively communicated with a condensing unit and a tail gas treatment unit, and two ports for connecting the condensing unit and the tail gas treatment unit are respectively provided with a control valve.
The principle of the scheme is as follows: in this application, owing to the thermal desorption blast pipe that has tee bend structure in the intercommunication on thermal desorption room for thermal desorption blast pipe's three passageway communicates respectively with thermal desorption room, condensing unit and tail gas processing unit, thereby in carrying out thermal desorption in-process, can carry out independent processing from the different composition that thermal desorption comes out in oil-based detritus through different processing unit, promotes treatment effeciency. If the control valve corresponding to the tail gas treatment unit can be closed and the control valve corresponding to the condensation unit can be opened, so that the oil gas generated in the thermal desorption chamber can be conveyed to the condensation unit, and the condensation unit is utilized to condense and subsequently treat the generated oil gas; when the thermal desorption is completed, water can be sprayed into the thermal desorption chamber by using the water spraying unit, and the water can play a role in dust suppression and cooling on ash, so that the ash and the waste gas can be prevented from entering the waste gas treatment unit together to block equipment; and finally, closing a control valve corresponding to the condensing unit and opening a control valve corresponding to the tail gas treatment unit, so that the tail gas generated in the thermal desorption process can enter the tail gas treatment unit for treatment.
The beneficial effect of this scheme lies in:
1. the treatment efficiency of oil-based rock debris can be effectively improved: compared with the prior art, when the oil-based rock debris with larger ash content is treated, the oil-based rock debris treatment method has the advantages that the oil hydrocarbon filter is easy to be blocked due to larger dust content, so that the problem of lower oil-based rock debris treatment efficiency is caused; according to the scheme, the thermal desorption exhaust pipe and the water spraying unit are arranged, dust and mixed oil gas generated in the thermal desorption process are introduced into the condensing unit, and the dust can be thoroughly removed from recovered oil after condensation through solid-liquid separation, so that the phenomenon of equipment blockage caused by the dust is effectively avoided, and the treatment efficiency is further improved; after the thermal desorption is completed, the water spraying unit is utilized to spray water into the thermal desorption chamber, so that dust suppression and cooling effects are achieved on dust, damage to a filter caused by the dust can be reduced, the equipment failure rate is reduced, the cost is saved, meanwhile, ash can be quickly cooled, the thermal desorption treatment speed is accelerated, and the treatment efficiency of oil-based rock debris is further improved.
2. The thermal desorption process can be orderly completed: in this application, through the rational control of the thermal desorption blast pipe and two control valves of tee bend structure for the mixed oil gas that produces in the thermal desorption room can accurately enter into condensing unit, and the produced waste gas of water spray cooling can accurately enter into tail gas treatment unit, ensures that oil-based detritus treatment process is accurate and high-efficient.
3. During the course of the study, the inventors found that the existing equipment was very slow in handling oil-based cuttings, less efficient, and the equipment piping was very prone to plugging when the handling samples contained higher ash. The applicant has therefore, through intensive analysis and discussion, developed and many adjustments to the overall oil-based cuttings treatment system, which differs essentially from existing oil-based cuttings treatment systems in that: the samples of oil-based cuttings aimed at are essentially different. When the oil-based rock debris is treated by using the existing equipment, the existing equipment for treating the oil-based rock debris can not treat the oil-based rock debris with the ash content of more than 20%, and has high equipment blockage rate and very high maintenance cost in the treatment process; when the equipment of the scheme is used for treating oil-based rock debris with high ash content, the equipment always operates normally, and the equipment has high treatment efficiency and high oil recovery rate (93.7%).
Preferably, as an improvement, the condensing unit comprises a cooler, wherein a gas collecting pipe is arranged at the top of the cooler, and a liquid collecting pipe is arranged at the bottom of the cooler.
In this scheme, utilize the gas collecting tube to collect the processing to noncondensable gas (mainly be the petroleum hydrocarbon below C4) after the condensation, utilize the liquid collecting tube of cooler bottom to collect the processing to liquid oil water mixture, realize categorised collection processing.
Preferably, as an improvement, a return pipe is communicated between the gas collecting pipe and the combustion chamber, and a flame arrester is fixedly connected to the return pipe.
In this scheme, utilize the back flow to let in noncondensable gas in the combustion chamber and burn, realize the recycle to noncondensable gas, reduce the wasting of resources and reduce cost.
Preferably, as an improvement, the feeding unit comprises a vibrating screen, a fine material storage tank is arranged below the vibrating screen, and a reciprocating pump is connected between the fine material storage tank and the thermal desorption unit; and a coarse material storage tank is arranged at the discharge end of the vibrating screen, and a hydraulic feeder is connected between the coarse material storage tank and the thermal desorption unit.
In this scheme, utilize the shale shaker to screen oil-based detritus and obtain coarse fodder and fine powder to store and transport coarse fodder and fine powder alone, make conveying efficiency carry out the furthest and promote, the environmental protection and the safety of conveying process obtain effective guarantee.
Preferably, as a modification, the screen mesh diameter of the vibrating screen is 10mm.
In this scheme, set the mesh of shale shaker to 10mm for granularity is less than 10 mm's oil-based detritus passes the shale shaker and gets into the fine material storage pond.
Preferably, as an improvement, the liquid collecting pipe is connected with an oil-water separation unit, and the oil-water separation unit comprises an oil-water separator, a filtering membrane connected with the oil-water separator and a water evaporator.
In the scheme, the oil-water separator is utilized to separate the mixed oil water collected by the liquid collecting pipe, then the filtering membrane is utilized to further filter the separated crude oil to obtain the recovered oil with higher quality, and the water evaporator is utilized to evaporate the water at the separation position.
The oil-based rock debris treatment process is completed based on the oil-based rock debris treatment system and comprises the following steps of:
s1: sorting raw materials, screening oil-based rock scraps by using a vibrating screen to obtain coarse materials and fine materials, and storing the coarse materials and the fine materials separately;
s2: feeding, namely respectively conveying coarse materials and fine materials into a thermal desorption chamber, and simultaneously carrying out feed metering and feed control;
s3: heating and cooling the thermal desorption chamber in an anoxic state to obtain desorption gas, waste gas and ash;
s4: after-treatment, delivering the resolved gas generated in the step S3 into a condenser to be condensed to obtain non-condensable gas and liquid oil-water mixture, delivering the non-condensable gas into a combustion chamber for combustion through a gas collecting pipe, and delivering the liquid oil-water mixture into an oil-water separation unit through a liquid collecting pipe; conveying the waste gas generated in the step S3 to a tail gas treatment unit for subsequent treatment; and (3) discharging the ash slag generated in the step (S3) out of the thermal desorption chamber for subsequent treatment.
In this scheme, at the thermal desorption stage, the different compositions that thermal desorption comes out from oil-based detritus can carry out sequential treatment through different processing unit for the mixed oil gas that produces in the thermal desorption room can accurately enter into condensing unit, and the waste gas that water spray cooling produced can accurately enter into tail gas processing unit, ensures that oil-based detritus treatment process is accurate and high-efficient goes on, is showing and is promoting treatment efficiency.
Preferably, as a modification, the heating manner in S3 is as follows: firstly, heating the thermal desorption chamber for 2 hours until the temperature reaches 100 ℃; then heating continuously for 3 hours until the temperature reaches 150 ℃, heating continuously for 7 hours until the temperature reaches 390 ℃, and raising the temperature from 390 ℃ to 420 ℃ and preserving heat for 30 minutes; and finally, slowly reducing the temperature to 360 ℃, and stopping heating the thermal desorption chamber by the combustion chamber.
In the scheme, in the thermal desorption stage, a sectional temperature control mode is adopted; the sectional temperature is controlled in a gradual heating mode, dehydration is carried out firstly, then oil is removed, petroleum hydrocarbon cannot be cracked and coked in the thermal desorption process, and the components of the recovered oil are relatively pure; effectively avoiding the influence on the quality of oil production caused by the cracking and coking of partial petroleum hydrocarbon due to the too fast temperature rise.
Preferably, as an improvement, the cooling manner in S3 is as follows: firstly, spraying water to the thermal desorption chamber by using a water spraying unit to suppress dust and cool down, cooling the temperature of ash in the thermal desorption chamber to 180 ℃, and then naturally cooling the ash to 180 ℃, wherein analytic gas is generated in the cooling process; when the temperature of the ash is lower than 80 ℃, a slag discharging door of the thermal desorption chamber is opened, and the ash enters the scraper conveyor from a slag discharging conduit and is conveyed to an ash bin.
In this scheme, utilize water spray unit to the indoor water spray of thermal desorption for lime-ash rapid cooling reaches the dust suppression effect.
Preferably, as an improvement, in the heating process, the desorption gas is generated in the thermal desorption chamber, and a control valve leading to the condensing unit in the three-way structure is opened; when water is sprayed to ash, stopping spraying water when the water content of discharged ash reaches 10%; and simultaneously, a control valve leading to the tail gas treatment unit in the tee joint structure is opened.
In the scheme, the water spraying amount of the water spraying unit is reasonably controlled, so that the cooling dust suppression effect is optimal, and the phenomenon that ash is sticky and difficult to convey due to excessive water spraying to the ash is avoided; and finally, the waste gas is treated, so that the waste gas generated in the desorption process and the water spraying process enters a tail gas treatment unit, the waste gas is fully collected, and the condition that the ash is wrapped with the waste gas to cause leakage of the waste gas along with the subsequent treatment of the ash is effectively avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an oil-based cuttings treatment system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the oil-based cuttings treatment process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following is a further detailed description of the embodiments:
reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the device comprises a vibrating screen 1, a fine material storage tank 2, a reciprocating pump 3, a coarse material storage tank 4, a hydraulic feeder 5, a thermal desorption main body 6, a thermal desorption chamber 601, a combustion chamber 602, a thermal desorption exhaust pipe 603, an exhaust gas treatment unit 7, a first valve 81, a second valve 82, a cooler 9, a gas collecting pipe 10, a flame arrester 11, a liquid collecting pipe 12, an oil-water separation unit 121, a water pump 13, a spray head 14, a water pipe 15 and a switch 151.
Example 1
Embodiment one is substantially as shown in fig. 1: the oil-based rock debris treatment system comprises a feeding unit and a thermal desorption unit which are connected with each other, wherein the feeding unit comprises a vibrating screen 1, the aperture of a screen mesh of the vibrating screen 1 is 10mm, a fine material storage tank 2 is arranged below the vibrating screen 1, fine materials screened out by the vibrating screen 1 can be collected by the aid of the fine material storage tank 2, a reciprocating pump 3 is connected between the fine material storage tank 2 and the thermal desorption unit through a pipeline, and the screened fine materials can be pumped into the thermal desorption unit by the aid of the reciprocating pump 3; the discharge end department of shale shaker 1 is equipped with coarse fodder reservoir 4, utilizes coarse fodder reservoir 4 to collect the coarse fodder that sieves the surplus through shale shaker 1, and the pipe connection has hydraulic feeder 5 between coarse fodder reservoir 4 and the thermal desorption unit, utilizes hydraulic feeder 5 to carry coarse fodder to the thermal desorption unit in.
The thermal desorption unit includes thermal desorption main part 6 that inside was equipped with thermal desorption room 601 and combustion chamber 602, and the intercommunication has three way structure's thermal desorption blast pipe 603 on the thermal desorption room 601, and the other both ends of thermal desorption blast pipe 603 communicate respectively and have condensing unit and tail gas processing unit 7, connect condensing unit and tail gas processing unit 7 two port departments all are equipped with the control valve, and wherein the control valve that condensing unit corresponds is first valve 81, and the control valve that tail gas processing unit 7 corresponds is second valve 82. In this embodiment, the tail gas treatment unit 7 includes a cyclone dust removal, two-stage water washing, alkali washing, UV, and active carbon adsorption system, and the tail gas treatment device performs harmless treatment on the tail gas. The condensing unit includes the cooler 9 of vertical setting, and gas collecting tube 10 is installed at the top of cooler 9, and the one end that gas collecting tube 10 kept away from cooler 9 communicates with combustion chamber 602, and has flame arrester 11 through screw fixed mounting on the gas collecting tube 10 for noncondensable gas that collects in the gas collecting tube 10 can carry to combustion chamber 602 burning. The bottom of the cooler 9 is funnel-shaped, the bottom end of the cooler is communicated with a liquid collecting pipe 12, an oil-water separation unit 121 is connected to the liquid collecting pipe 12, and the oil-water separation unit 121 comprises an oil-water separator, a filtering membrane and a water evaporator, wherein the filtering membrane and the water evaporator are connected with the oil-water separator.
The thermal desorption chamber 601 is provided with a water spraying unit, in this embodiment, the water spraying unit includes a water pump 13 and spray heads 14, the spray heads 14 are a plurality of and a plurality of spray heads 14 are fixedly connected to the inner top end of the thermal desorption chamber 601 through screws, a water pipe 15 is communicated between the water pump 13 and the spray heads 14, and a switch 151 is installed on the water pipe 15.
The bottom of the thermal desorption chamber 601 is also provided with a slag outlet door, a slag outlet guide pipe is connected outside the slag outlet door, the other end of the slag outlet guide pipe is connected with an inlet of a scraper conveyor, and an outlet of the scraper conveyor is connected with a slag bin pipeline; the ash bin is provided with a packer and an air collecting cover.
The oil-based rock debris treatment process is completed based on the oil-based rock debris treatment system, as shown in fig. 2, and comprises the following steps:
s1: raw material sorting, conveying oil-based rock debris generated by each drilling platform to a temporary storage warehouse through a professional transfer vehicle, conveying the oil-based rock debris in the temporary storage warehouse into a vibrating screen 1 through a conveyor belt in the prior art, screening the oil-based rock debris through the vibrating screen 1, and collecting the oil-based rock debris by falling into a fine material storage pool 2 downwards through the vibrating screen 1 to obtain fine materials; the oil-based rock debris coarse materials which cannot pass through the vibrating screen 1 and flow out from the discharge end of the vibrating screen 1 are collected into a coarse material storage tank 4; the oil-based rock debris is stored and screened in a storage tank to generate volatile organic waste gas and malodorous gas, an electric rolling shutter door is arranged above an inlet of a temporary storage warehouse to prevent the waste gas from diffusing, so that the whole unloading area forms negative pressure under the configuration of air supply equipment, the sealing condition is good, the part collected by the negative pressure (the collection efficiency is 90%) is represented by (G1), and the part not collected (the waste gas is discharged in an unorganized manner) is represented by (G no-oil-1);
s2: feeding, namely pumping the fine materials in the fine material storage tank 2 into the thermal desorption chamber 601 by using the reciprocating pump 3, and simultaneously conveying the coarse materials in the coarse material storage tank 4 into the thermal desorption chamber 601 by using the hydraulic feeder 5; in the process, the reciprocating pump 3 and the hydraulic feeder 5 respectively perform feed metering and feed control on the fine materials and the coarse materials which are added into the thermal desorption chamber 601;
s3: the thermal desorption is carried out, the inside of the thermal desorption chamber 601 is heated in an anoxic state, the thermal desorption chamber 601 is provided with an air lock, so that no gas overflows from the thermal desorption chamber 601 in the heating process, the heated fuel mainly comprises natural gas in the prior art and noncondensable gas (mainly petroleum hydrocarbon below C4) in a subsequent gas collecting pipe 10, the fuel is combusted in a combustion chamber 602 to heat the thermal desorption chamber 601 (combustion flue gas generated by combustion is represented by G2-2); in the heating process, the inside of the thermal desorption chamber 601 is heated for 2 hours until the temperature reaches 100 ℃, then is continuously heated for 3 hours until the temperature reaches 150 ℃, then is continuously heated for 7 hours until the temperature reaches 390 ℃, the temperature is increased from 390 ℃ to 420 ℃ and is kept for 30 minutes, finally, the temperature is slowly reduced to 360 ℃, then, the fuel addition into the combustion chamber 602 is stopped, the heating is stopped, and the ash slag in the thermal desorption chamber 601 is naturally cooled to 80 ℃. In the cooling process, when the ash in the thermal desorption chamber 601 is naturally cooled to 180 ℃, the water pump 13 is turned on, and water is pumped to the spray head 14 by the water pump 13, so that the spray head 14 sprays water into the thermal desorption chamber 601 to suppress dust and reduce the temperature for 15min.
The desorption gas is generated in the process from the heating of the thermal desorption chamber 601 to the cooling of the ash to 180 ℃, and the first valve 81 is opened in the process, so that the desorption gas can enter the cooler 9; and when the spray head 14 sprays water, the first valve 81 is closed, and the second valve 82 is opened, so that the gas generated in the process (the generated cooling tail gas of the furnace is represented by G2-1) enters the tail gas treatment unit 7 for harmless treatment.
Finally, when the temperature of ash is lower than 80 ℃, opening a thermal desorption chamber 601 and removing ash, specifically, the thermal desorption chamber 601 turns to guide ash (S oil-1) into a scraper conveyor to be conveyed to an ash bin, the ash conveyed by the scraper conveyor is cooled and packaged and temporarily stored in the ash bin by a packer, the waste gas containing particles generated in the packaging process is collected by a gas collecting cover, the part collected by the gas collecting cover (the collection efficiency is 90%) is represented by (G3), and the part not collected by the gas collecting cover (the unorganized discharged waste gas) is represented by (G no-oil-2);
s4: and (3) post-treatment, namely conveying the resolved gas generated in the step (S3) into a cooler 9, condensing the resolved gas in the cooler 9 by adopting bubble type indirect heat exchange, and obtaining a non-condensable gas and liquid oil-water mixture (oil mass ratio is about 44-45% and the balance is water) through condensation. The non-condensable gas is conveyed into the combustion chamber 602 by the gas collecting pipe 10 for combustion, the liquid oil-water mixture is conveyed into the oil-water separation unit 121 by the liquid collecting pipe 12, oil-water separation is carried out by the filtering membrane, the separated oil is checked and put in storage, the separated water enters the water evaporator for evaporation, the evaporated condensed water enters the primary mixing tank of the sewage treatment station, and the obtained concentrated solution (S oil-2) is treated outside the dangerous waste commission.
The exhaust gas and treatment modes generated in the oil-based cuttings treatment process are shown in table 1, and the oil balance and oil recovery rate in the oil-based cuttings treatment process are shown in table 2:
table 1 exhaust gas generated during oil-based cuttings treatment and treatment method
Table 2 oil balance during oil-based cuttings treatment
Experimental data shows that different components thermally desorbed from oil-based cuttings can be sequentially processed by different processing units through reasonable control of the thermal desorption exhaust pipe and the two control valves of the tee joint structure, so that mixed oil gas generated in the thermal desorption chamber can accurately enter the condensing unit, waste gas generated by water spraying and cooling can accurately enter the tail gas processing unit, accurate and efficient oil-based cuttings processing process is ensured, and processing efficiency is remarkably improved.
In addition, in the thermal desorption stage, a sectional temperature control mode is adopted; the sectional temperature is controlled in a gradual heating mode, dehydration is carried out firstly, then oil is removed, petroleum hydrocarbon cannot be cracked and coked in the thermal desorption process, and the components of the recovered oil are relatively pure; effectively avoiding the influence on the quality of oil production caused by the cracking and coking of partial petroleum hydrocarbon due to the too fast temperature rise.
Finally, by reasonably controlling the water spraying amount of the water spraying unit, the cooling dust suppression effect is optimal, and the phenomenon that ash is sticky and difficult to convey due to excessive water spraying to the ash is avoided; and finally, the waste gas is treated, so that the waste gas generated in the desorption process and the water spraying process enters a tail gas treatment unit, the waste gas is fully collected, and the condition that the ash is wrapped with the waste gas to cause leakage of the waste gas along with the subsequent treatment of the ash is effectively avoided.
Compared with the prior art, when the oil-based rock debris with larger ash content is treated, the oil-based rock debris treatment method has the advantages that the oil hydrocarbon filter is easily blocked due to larger dust content, so that the problem of lower oil-based rock debris treatment efficiency is caused; this scheme is through setting up thermal desorption blast pipe and water spray unit, after the thermal desorption in thermal desorption room is accomplished, utilizes water spray unit to the indoor water spray of thermal desorption to play to dust and suppress dirt and cooling effect, not only can reduce the damage that the dust caused to the filter, thereby reduce equipment failure rate and practice thrift the cost, can also make lime-ash rapid cooling and accelerate thermal desorption processing speed simultaneously, promote the treatment effeciency of oil-based detritus.
Specifically, the oil-based rock debris treatment system can treat 30000 tons of oil-based rock debris each year; wherein, the interval discharging time is 24 h/batch, 1 batch per day; the continuous batch production is adopted, the annual production time is 7200h, and 300 batches are produced in one year, so that the method has very high treatment efficiency; and the method can be used for producing 3471.54 tons of recovered oil for preparing the oil-based drilling fluid every year by treating the oil-based cuttings, so that the recovery utilization rate of the oil in the oil-based cuttings is obviously improved, and the oil resources in the oil-based cuttings are fully utilized.
Example two
In the present embodiment, when water is sprayed into the thermal desorption chamber 601 by the spray head 14 in S3, the amount of water sprayed is preferably such that no dust is raised and no waste water drips out when the ash is discharged, and the water content of the discharged ash is controlled within 10%.
In the embodiment, the water spraying amount of the water spraying unit is reasonably controlled, so that the cooling dust suppression effect is optimal, and the phenomenon that ash is sticky and difficult to convey due to excessive water spraying to the ash is avoided; and finally, the waste gas is treated, so that the waste gas generated in the desorption process and the water spraying process enters a tail gas treatment unit, the waste gas is fully collected, and the condition that the ash is wrapped with the waste gas to cause leakage of the waste gas along with the subsequent treatment of the ash is effectively avoided.
Test example 1: treatment results of different oil-based rock debris treatment devices on oil-based rock debris with higher ash content
When the oil-based rock debris sample with higher ash content is treated by adopting the equipment of the prior art (CN 204310925U, an oil-containing solid waste indirect heating thermal desorption treatment device) and the oil-based rock debris treatment system of the scheme, the ash content and the equipment operation condition in the sample are shown in Table 3 in detail.
TABLE 3 ash content in oil-based cuttings samples and differences in the effectiveness of different equipment treatments
Experimental data shows that when the existing equipment for treating oil-based rock debris is used for treating the oil-based rock debris in Chongqing areas with high ash content, the petroleum hydrocarbon vapor filter added for removing dust generated in the thermal desorption process is very easy to be blocked by the dust. Especially when the ash content in the treated oil-based rock debris exceeds 20%, the probability of equipment blockage in the prior art is greatly increased, and the treatment efficiency and equipment maintenance cost of the oil-based rock debris are obviously reduced.
And, when handling the oil-based detritus sample of the higher ash content in Chongqing district of this scheme, no matter handle the higher oil-based detritus of ash content alone (sample 2), still handle the oil-based detritus after mixing, its equipment operation all shows as normal, does not appear blocking phenomenon, and its rate of recovery of oil is all higher, and the facilitate promotion is applied to the higher oil-based detritus of handling other ash contents.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present invention, and specific technical solutions and/or features that are well known in the art have not been described in detail herein. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, and these should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, which does not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practical applicability of the patent. The protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the content of the claims, and the description of the specific embodiments and the like in the specification can be used for explaining the content of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. The oil-based rock debris treatment process is characterized by comprising the following steps of: based on oil-based detritus processing system accomplishes, oil-based detritus processing system includes interconnect's feeding unit and thermal desorption unit, and thermal desorption unit is equipped with thermal desorption main part of thermal desorption room and combustion chamber, its characterized in that including inside: the thermal desorption chamber is communicated with a thermal desorption exhaust pipe with a three-way structure, and a water spraying unit is arranged in the thermal desorption chamber; the other two ends of the thermal desorption exhaust pipe are respectively communicated with a condensing unit and a tail gas treatment unit, and control valves are arranged at two ports connecting the condensing unit and the tail gas treatment unit; the feeding unit comprises a vibrating screen, a fine material storage pool is arranged below the vibrating screen, and a reciprocating pump is connected between the fine material storage pool and the thermal desorption unit; a coarse material storage tank is arranged at the discharge end of the vibrating screen, and a hydraulic feeder is connected between the coarse material storage tank and the thermal desorption unit;
the treatment process comprises the following steps:
s1: sorting raw materials, screening oil-based rock scraps by using a vibrating screen to obtain coarse materials and fine materials, and storing the coarse materials and the fine materials separately;
s2: feeding, namely respectively conveying coarse materials and fine materials into a thermal desorption chamber, and simultaneously carrying out feed metering and feed control;
s3: heating and cooling the thermal desorption chamber in an anoxic state to obtain desorption gas, waste gas and ash;
s4: after-treatment, delivering the resolved gas generated in the step S3 into a condenser to be condensed to obtain non-condensable gas and liquid oil-water mixture, delivering the non-condensable gas into a combustion chamber for combustion through a gas collecting pipe, and delivering the liquid oil-water mixture into an oil-water separation unit through a liquid collecting pipe; conveying the waste gas generated in the step S3 to a tail gas treatment unit for subsequent treatment; discharging ash slag generated in the step S3 out of the thermal desorption chamber for subsequent treatment;
in the heating process, the desorption gas is generated in the thermal desorption chamber, and a control valve leading to the condensing unit in the three-way structure is opened; when water is sprayed to ash, stopping spraying water when the water content of discharged ash reaches 10%; simultaneously, a control valve leading to the tail gas treatment unit in the tee joint structure is opened;
the cooling mode in S3 is as follows: firstly, naturally cooling to 180 ℃, then spraying water to the thermal desorption chamber by utilizing a water spraying unit to suppress dust and cool down, and cooling the temperature of ash in the thermal desorption chamber to 180 ℃, wherein analytic gas is generated in the cooling process; when the temperature of the ash is lower than 80 ℃, a slag discharging door of the thermal desorption chamber is opened, and the ash enters the scraper conveyor from a slag discharging conduit and is conveyed to an ash bin.
2. The oil-based cuttings treatment process of claim 1 wherein: the condensing unit comprises a cooler, a gas collecting pipe is arranged at the top of the cooler, and a liquid collecting pipe is arranged at the bottom of the cooler.
3. The oil-based cuttings treatment process of claim 2 wherein: one end of the gas collecting tube, which is far away from the cooler, is communicated with the combustion chamber, and a flame arrester is fixedly connected to the gas collecting tube.
4. The oil-based cuttings treatment process of claim 3 wherein: the screen mesh aperture of the vibrating screen is 10mm.
5. The oil-based cuttings treatment process of claim 4 wherein: the liquid collecting pipe is connected with an oil-water separation unit, and the oil-water separation unit comprises an oil-water separator, a filtering membrane connected with the oil-water separator and a water evaporator.
6. The oil-based cuttings treatment process of claim 5 wherein: the heating mode in S3 is: firstly, heating the thermal desorption chamber for 2 hours until the temperature reaches 100 ℃; then heating continuously for 3 hours until the temperature reaches 150 ℃, heating continuously for 7 hours until the temperature reaches 390 ℃, and raising the temperature from 390 ℃ to 420 ℃ and preserving heat for 30 minutes; and finally, slowly reducing the temperature to 360 ℃, and then stopping heating the thermal desorption chamber by the combustion chamber.
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