RU36406U1 - Multi-purpose building - Google Patents

Description

Multi-purpose building

The utility model relates to the construction of multifunctional facilities, the design and construction of buildings, consisting of separate modules. It can be used in the construction of complexes consisting of modules for various functional purposes. The need for such construction arises from the need to save the construction area, and the use of these building elements, provided that the historical facade of the city is preserved. The utility model can also be used in the construction of complexes in areas with severe climatic conditions, when it is undesirable for people to go out.

The invention is known "Mobile transformable multi-story building and the method of its construction and transformation, patent RU, 2028439, consisting of the main and peripheral sections, equipped with an atrium. This solution makes it easy to transform the building, however, the task of combining multifunctional sections into one building is not solved.

The invention “Multistory building, patent RU, 2109900, consisting of separate modules forming a single building volume, is known, the modules being arranged in two rows, and between the inner ends of the modules a corridor is formed with the openings opening in opposite directions. However, the invention solves the problem of compactly combining only residential modules in order to save space, but does not solve the problem of combining different functional modules.

The invention is known "Shopping complex" SERVIK, patent RU, 2105850, in which the building consists of trading modules, summed up under a common roof. The invention allows compactly placing trading modules on a small building area and describes a constructive solution for combining these modules under a common roof, but does not solve the problem of combining modules for different functional purposes under a common roof.

Description

The closest in technical essence is the invention "The design of a multi-storey building, patent RU, 2070255, in which the building consists of vertical sections, consisting of three-dimensional blocks mounted on top of each other and made in the form of flat longitudinal and transverse internal and external walls. Volumetric blocks are installed around the central barrel with a combination of openings and are equipped with a central barrel. The construction of the building allows you to combine the various sections in such a way that there is no need to go outside when moving from one section to another. However, it does not allow the use of building areas in old quarters, where there are old detached buildings that can be included in the building as separate modules. In addition, the central vertical lift shaft increases the risk of emergency evacuation from the building. Radial planning does not allow economical use of the built-up area.

In areas of the city with dense buildings, it is necessary to solve the problem of increasing the volume of premises on a cramped construction spot. Due to the fact that it is impossible to place several buildings providing the infrastructure of the microdistrict, it is required to combine different modules in the same building that perform difficultly compatible functions. In addition, in order to preserve the historical appearance of the city, it is often necessary to use the supporting structures of old buildings, which are included in the building by its organic part during the construction of the complex and keep the architecture of the historical facade of the old building unchanged.

The objective of the utility model is the possibility of constructively combining load-bearing structures with different characteristics, combining different functional modules into a single building, due to which it is possible to build a multifunctional building on a cramped construction spot, tightly surrounded by existing buildings requiring

reconstruction, as well as to save resources during the construction and operation of the building.

The technical result of the utility model is the implementation of the optimal ratio of technological units, units that perform the function of infrastructure and residential units. At the same time, the implementation of the minimum norm for the area of the placement of functional zones is achieved while maintaining high comfort.

To solve this problem, a multifunctional building is proposed, which is divided by horizontal ceilings (1), consisting of three-dimensional blocks. The building consists of three-dimensional blocks, which can be combined both within the same horizontal line and independently form independent modules (2,3) of the building, forming horizontal lines. Each independent module is placed on an independent or common foundation (4) and combined with communication corridors (5), located, for example, on a lightweight foundation or atriums (courtyards) (6). Independent modules and / or communication corridors and / or atriums (courtyard) are led under a common roof (7) with light lamps (8), the building or individual modules are divided horizontally. Light lanterns may have glazing or free openings. Each horizontal is formed by volumetric blocks (9), and volumetric blocks are composed of sections (10, 11) located in each separate horizontal of an independent module. The horizontals can be made in the form of a floor common to the entire building, which serves as the technological floor (12), in which communications and auxiliary equipment for the operation of the building are located, the horizontals are sewn with vertical shafts (13), which function as staircase elevator assemblies and / or discharge shafts. In this case, independent modules and / or communication corridors and / or courtyards are connected to the beam roof structure (7). The design of the modules has a frame system. The modules and the communication corridor are connected by means of expansion joints or expansion joints with the possibility of movement and are brought under the roof. The building can be equipped with volumetric blocks, which consist of trading or (10) of residential (11) sections. Trading or residential sections are horizontal, which are located in separate independent modules (2,3), forming floors. Residential sections form an atrium (courtyard) in the module, and in each horizontal

independent module, residential sections are located in two rows around the perimeter (Fig. 4) and the openings of the residential sections go on opposite sides, both outside the building and into the atrium (courtyard) or into the communication corridor between the modules. Trading sections are located under the floor overlapping for the module or the technological floor and are placed in two or more parallel rows opposite each other, forming a common horizontal.

The general horizontal of the building consists of a volume unit made in the form of a technological floor (12). The technological floor divides the horizontals composed of volume blocks in the form of residential sections and the horizontal of volume blocks in the form of trading sections. The communication corridor (5), which separates independent modules (2,3), can be based on an independent lightweight foundation. Self-adhesive modules and communication corridors are placed under a common roof located above the floor, combining independent modules and communication corridors on the upper horizons. Independent modules are brought under a common roof, with the possibility of the formation of a communication corridor between the modules. The communication corridor may have a columnar foundation, made independent for each column. Independent modules can be equipped with atriums (courtyards).

Thus, the technical result is achieved by the implementation of the minimum norm for the area of the placement of functional areas while maintaining high comfort. At the same time, the old buildings of the historical part of the city are preserved and organically included in the general complex.

The figures schematically depict:

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section of a multifunctional building consisting of two

independent modules, a communication corridor and two horizontal lines,

one of which is a technological floor

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a multi-purpose building with a view of the wall.

independent module and

FIG. 4 - a simplified plan of the horizontals of the first and second modules is depicted, on which residential sections are placed.

The multifunctional building is constructed as follows. For example, the function of one of the independent modules (3) is performed by the reconstructed building, which has a foundation (4). This module is divided into floors (horizontal) (2), which are planned in the traditional way. The rear wall (14) of the module (3) simultaneously forms the wall of the communication corridor (5), in which there are stairs, vertical elevator and exhaust shafts (13), as well as staircases designed for the safe evacuation of people (13). The second independent module (2) has a foundation (4), which can be performed independently. In this module, the two lower horizontals (1) are spaced: we are only in this module. In these contours, trading sections (10) are located, which occupy the entire contour area and ensure maximum use of contour areas for trade sections. Above them is a horizontal with a reduced height of ceilings, sufficient to accommodate a technological floor (12), inside of which horizontally placed strings (leads) of electricity, heat, air. The technological floor is extended to the bearing wall of the first independent module (3) and has an opening (15) under the roof light, forming balconies (16) over the communication corridor (5) along the side walls of the building, which at the same time are power supports for the upper residential floors. Horizontal lines (1) are located above the technological floor, in which residential volume blocks (11) are placed. Residential building blocks are placed in two rows along the perimeter of the horizontal. In the central part of each horizontal with residential volumetric blocks, courtyards (atriums) (6) are made, over which light lamps (6) are made in the roof. One of the horizontal lines with residential three-dimensional blocks is extended above the communication corridor, resting on the supporting pillars of the technological floor and forming a balcony. The windows of residential building blocks overlook both the outer wall of the multifunctional building, and into the courtyards or into the technological corridor.

The second independent module (2) has a foundation (4), and one of the walls (17) forms the second wall of the communication corridor (5). A light lamp (7) is placed above the communication corridor. Inside the communication corridor there are stairs (18), lift shafts (13). The communication corridor with its side walls (14.17) rests on a lightweight, for example, columnar foundation (4), while the walls of the modules and the communication corridor are movably connected with the roof beam structure (7), the side walls are mounted on supporting columns, with upper ceilings the communication corridor forms an atrium (5), along the side walls of the communication corridor there are three-dimensional blocks in which residential sections are located.

All independent modules and a communication corridor are brought under a common roof equipped with light lamps.

The multifunctional building is vertically stitched with vertical staircase and elevator shafts, ventilation shafts, and exhaust shafts. Ladder - elevator shafts are made in the form of independent units, isolated from other modules in the form of evacuation zones, consisting of vertical volumetric blocks.

Independent modules and a communication corridor have a frame system and are brought under a common roof. Expansion joints ensure the stability of the building with leashes, thermal expansions and other leashes, which allows you to build the proposed building on marshy soils and not limit them in length.

The multifunctional modular building is equipped with a single maintenance center through which heat, water, and electricity are distributed. The common roof is made with the possibility of combining independent modules with the formation of courtyards and / or atriums, equipped with light lamps located above residential sections equipped with courtyards located at level 2 and above floors, as well as over the communication corridor.

Thus, the proposed technical solution can be applied both in the construction of new buildings providing a full range of services for the people living in it, and in the old part of the city, where on the spot of development

W)

fragments of old buildings are posted. The multifunctional building allows you to place inside both retail space and residential premises. Moreover, residential blocks in the form of separate apartments, or on the principle of a hotel, can be used as residential premises. The economical operation of the building can significantly reduce the cost of both the reconstruction of old buildings and the cost per square meter of residential premises.

Claims (12)

1. A multifunctional building, consisting of independent modules, characterized in that each module is placed on an independent foundation and combined with communication corridors or atriums (inner courtyard) located on the foundation, independent modules and / or communication corridors and / or atriums (inner courtyard) summed up under a common roof with light lamps, a building or individual modules are divided horizontally, each of which is formed by volumetric blocks, volumetric blocks are composed of sections placed in each A separate horizontal line of the independent module, or horizontal lines are made in the form of a floor common to the whole building, which serves as a technological floor, in which communications and auxiliary equipment for operating the building are located, the horizontal lines are sewn with vertical shafts that perform the function of staircase elevators and / or exhaust shafts, while independent modules and / or communication corridors and / or courtyards are brought under a common roof, the modules are connected by means of expansion joints with the possibility of th movement. 2. The multifunctional building according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with volumetric blocks, which consist of commercial or residential sections. 3. The multifunctional building according to claim 2, characterized in that the retail or residential sections are horizontal, which are placed in separate independent modules, forming floors. 4. The multifunctional building according to claim 3, characterized in that the residential sections form an atrium (courtyard), in each module, in each horizontal of which the residential sections are arranged in two rows around the perimeter, and the openings of the residential modules go to the opposite sides as outside, and in the atrium (courtyard) or communication corridor between the modules. 5. The multifunctional building according to claim 2, characterized in that the trading sections are located under a common floor for the modules or the technological floor and are placed in two or more parallel rows opposite each other, forming a common horizontal. 6. The multifunctional building according to claim 1, characterized in that the general horizontal of the building consists of a volume module made in the form of a technological floor. 7. The multifunctional building according to claim 6, characterized in that the technological floor divides the horizontals composed of volume blocks in the form of residential sections and the horizontal of volume blocks in the form of trading sections. 8. The multifunctional building according to claim 1, characterized in that the communication corridor dividing the independent modules is based on an independent lightweight foundation. 9. The multifunctional building according to claim 1, characterized in that the self-contained modules and communication corridors have a frame system and are brought under a common roof located above a common ceiling that combines modules and communication corridors on the upper horizons. 10. The multifunctional building according to claim 1, characterized in that the independent modules are brought under a common roof with the possibility of education between the independent modules of the communication corridor. 11. The multifunctional building according to claim 1, characterized in that the communication corridor has a columnar foundation made independent for each column. 12. The multifunctional building according to claim 1, characterized in that the independent modules are equipped with atriums (courtyards).