RU2819247C1 - Root crops soil cleaner - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building. Cleaner contains rollers connected to each other by sprockets mounted on a frame with the possibility of rotation in one direction. Rolls are made in the form of shafts with cylindrical housings installed on them. Diameter of cylindrical bodies of rollers is made larger than average radius of peeled root crops. Rolls shafts are installed at equal distance from each other. Sprockets of even and odd rollers are installed outside the frame on its different sides with possibility of rotation of even and odd rollers with different frequency. Surfaces of even and odd rolls are made of materials with different coefficients of friction. Even rolls, counting in the direction of movement of roots, are made with the possibility of rotation with a lower frequency and with a surface of materials with a lower coefficient of friction than that of neighbouring odd rolls. Even rolls have helical ledges with alternating left and right winding directions. Distance between adjacent turns of helical ledges, measured along axis of rolls (winding pitch), is equal to half of average diameter of peeled roots.

EFFECT: higher quality of cleaning root crops from soil and improved reliability of the cleaner.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular, to soil cleaners for root crops.

A known roller for a screw cleaner of potato tubers from soil (see ed. St. SU No. 1306508, IPC A01D 33/08, 04/30/87, Bulletin No. 16), containing a cylindrical body fixed to the shaft with a screw winding enclosing it, fixed to the body a bushing with flat blades evenly spaced around its circumference, forming cavities isolated from each other, and a screw winding is installed with interference at the ends of these blades. The rollers are designed to rotate in one direction by means of interconnected sprockets.

The known device has the disadvantage of low quality of cleaning root crops from the soil.

A known, adopted as a prototype, cleaner for root crops from the soil (see patent for invention of the Russian Federation No. 2705308, IPC A01D 33/08, 06.11.2019, Bull. No. 31), containing sprockets mounted on a frame with the possibility of rotation in one direction. rollers, which are made in the form of shafts with cylindrical bodies installed on them, while the diameter of the cylindrical roller bodies is made greater than the average radius of the root crops being peeled, the roller shafts are installed at an equal distance from each other with the possibility of adjusting their position in height, even and odd sprockets The rollers are installed outside the frame on different sides with the possibility of rotation of the even and odd rollers at different frequencies, and the surfaces of the even and odd rollers are made of materials with different coefficients of friction, and for the odd or even rollers the cylindrical housings are mounted eccentrically on the shafts.

The disadvantages of the known device are the low quality of cleaning root crops from the soil and the unreliable operation of the cleaner. The eccentric arrangement of the cylindrical bodies on the shafts leads to the fact that the solid contents of the heap, including stones and individual parts of root crops, can be pinched between adjacent cylindrical surfaces, which can cause breakage of the cleaner, damage to root crops and, at the same time, through such narrow gaps between the rollers the soil is practically not sifted, and in the direction of movement of root crops towards the exit of the device, they will be periodically unloaded, which will reduce the efficiency of the process of clearing them from the soil.

The problem that the invention solves is to improve the quality of cleaning root crops from soil and the reliability of the cleaner.

The problem is solved using a soil cleaner for root crops, containing rollers connected to each other by sprockets mounted on a frame with the possibility of rotation in one direction, which are made in the form of shafts with cylindrical bodies mounted on them, and the diameter of the cylindrical bodies of the rollers is made larger than the average radius peeled root crops, the roller shafts are installed at equal distances from each other, the sprockets of the even and odd rollers are installed outside the frame on different sides with the possibility of rotating the even and odd rollers at different frequencies, and the surfaces of the even and odd rollers are made of materials with different friction coefficients, where the even rollers, counting in the direction of movement of the root crops, are designed to rotate at a lower frequency and with a surface made of materials with a lower coefficient of friction than the adjacent odd rollers, and the even rollers are made with helical projections with sequentially and alternately alternating left and right winding direction, and the distance between adjacent turns of helical protrusions, measured along the axis of the rollers (winding pitch), is equal to half the average diameter of the root crops being peeled.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig. 1 shows a general view of the root crop cleaner; in fig. 2 - section along A-A in Fig. 1.

The soil cleaner for root crops includes even 2 and odd 3 mounted on a frame 1 with the possibility of rotation, counting in the direction of movement of root crops along the surface of the device (shown by an arrow in Fig. 1), cylindrical rollers. On the even 2 and odd 3 rollers, made in the form of shafts, a cylindrical body is installed, the diameter of which is larger than the average radius of the root crops being peeled. Even 2 and odd 3 rollers are interconnected by sprockets 4 through a chain 5. The sprockets of even 2 and odd 3 rollers are installed outside the frame 1 on different sides with the possibility of rotating the odd 3 rollers at a higher rotation speed from the drive 6 than the rotation speed of the even 2 rollers from this drive 6. To ensure the possibility of rotation of the sprockets of the even 2 and odd rollers 3 at different frequencies, the drive 6 is equipped with a shaft 7 with sprockets 8 and 9 installed at its opposite ends, with the latter having a larger number of teeth.

The surfaces of the even 2 rollers are made of a material with a lower friction coefficient than the surface of the odd 3 rollers. The even 2 rollers are made with helical protrusions with the left 10 and right 11 winding directions sequentially alternating one after another. The screw projections 10 and 11 are made elastic, for example, from a V-belt drive belt (see Fig. 2) and are attached to the surface of the even 2 rollers using screws 12. The distance between adjacent turns, measured along the axis of the even 2 rollers (winding pitch), screw protrusions 10 and 11 are equal to half the average diameter of the peeled root vegetables. On the sides of the cleaner on frame 1 there are fixed sides 13 in height, equal to the average diameter of the root crops.

The root crop soil cleaner works as follows.

The drive 6 is turned on, which transmits torque through the shaft 7 to the sprockets 8 and 9, which, in turn, cause the sprockets 4 to rotate on the odd 3 and even rollers 2 at different frequencies. Then the root crops, not cleared of soil, are fed onto the rollers. Interacting with the rotating surface of the even 2 and odd 3 rollers, the root crops move forward in the direction of rotation of the even 2 and odd 3 rollers (shown by an arrow in Fig. 1), the diameter of the cylindrical bodies of which is made larger than the average radius of the peeled root crops to provide a larger contact surface for contaminated root crops with rollers. Moving along the even 2 and odd 3 rollers, the root crops come into contact with cylindrical bodies either on the even 2 or odd 3 rollers, which rotate at different frequencies. At the same time, the screw elastic protrusions of the left 10 and right 11 windings of the even 2 rollers rotating at a lower frequency push the root crops sequentially and alternately to the left and right, which creates conditions for the surface of the odd 3 rollers to slide with a high coefficient of friction on the root crops and simultaneously clean them from contaminants. Different coefficients of friction of the surfaces of the even 2 and odd 3 rollers make it possible to more effectively clean root crops from soil, which is removed into the gaps between these rollers. Depending on the degree of contamination and purpose, peeled root vegetables are subsequently sent from the purifier either to washing or for further sorting and processing.

Helical projections 10 and 11, as well as different coefficients of friction of the surfaces of the even 2 and odd 3 rollers make it possible to increase the rotation of root crops around their axis as they move along these rollers without damage or injury. This increases the contact surface of the product to be cleaned with the surface of the rollers, as well as the intensity of separation of contaminant particles from root crops, thereby improving the quality of cleaning root crops from the soil. Sides 13 hold root crops on the surface of the cleaner.

Claims (1)

A soil cleaner for root crops, containing rollers mounted on a frame with the possibility of rotation in one direction, interconnected by sprockets, which are made in the form of shafts with cylindrical bodies mounted on them, wherein the diameter of the cylindrical roller bodies is made larger than the average radius of the root crops being cleaned, the roller shafts installed at equal distances from each other, the sprockets of the even and odd rollers are installed outside the frame on different sides with the possibility of rotating the even and odd rollers at different frequencies, and the surfaces of the even and odd rollers are made of materials with different friction coefficients, characterized in that the even the rollers, counting in the direction of movement of the root crops, are designed to rotate at a lower frequency and with a surface made of materials with a lower coefficient of friction than the adjacent odd rollers, and the even rollers are made with helical protrusions with sequentially and alternately alternating left and right winding directions , and the distance between adjacent turns of screw protrusions, measured along the axis of the rollers (winding pitch), is equal to half the average diameter of the root crops being peeled.

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