RU2738966C1 - Root cleaner off soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building, in particular, to root crops cleaners from soil. Cleaner comprises rollers 2 of cylindrical shape installed on frame 1 with possibility of rotation in one direction and interconnected by sprockets. Sprockets of even and odd rollers are installed outside the frame on its different sides with possibility of rotation of even and odd rollers of different frequency. Frame 1 is expandable with the possibility of changing its width and fixation in the required position. Rollers 2 are made in the form of spirals with equal pitch of coiling, ends of which are rigidly fixed on bushings 3 installed symmetrically inside frame on its different sides. Direction of winding of spirals of odd and even rolls is made in opposite directions. Drive shaft 8 is composite and can change its length.

EFFECT: improved quality of root crops cleaning from soil.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular, to cleaners of root crops from soil.

Known cleaner of root crops from soil [Patent RU No. 187599, Publ. 13.03.2019, Bul. No. 8], containing installed on the frame with the possibility of rotation in one direction cylindrical rollers. The rollers are interconnected by sprockets. The sprockets of the even and odd rollers are installed outside the frame from different sides with the possibility of rotation of the even and odd rollers at different frequencies.

The known device has a disadvantage - the low quality of cleaning root crops from soil.

The technical result achieved by using the invention is to improve the quality of cleaning root crops from soil.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the frame is made sliding with the possibility of changing its width and fixing in the desired position. The rolls are made in the form of spirals with an equal pitch of winding. The ends of the spirals are rigidly fixed to the bushings. The bushings are installed symmetrically inside the frame from different sides. The direction of winding the spirals of odd and even rollers is performed in opposite directions. The drive shaft is made composite with the ability to change its length.

FIG. 1 shows a general view of the cleaner, and FIG. 2 - the same, side view, in Fig. 3 - section of the drive shaft along A-A.

The soil cleaner for root crops includes cylindrical rollers 2 mounted on the frame 1 with the possibility of rotation in one direction, made in the form of spirals with an equal pitch of winding. The ends of the rollers 2 are rigidly fixed on the bushings 3, which are installed symmetrically inside the frame 1 from different sides. Bushings 3 are coaxially mounted on shafts 4. Rollers 2 are interconnected by sprockets 5 installed on shafts 4 through a chain 6. Sprockets 5 of even and odd rollers 2 are installed outside the frame 1 from different sides with the possibility of rotation of even and odd rollers 2 with different frequencies from drive 7. To ensure the possibility of rotation of the sprockets 5 of the even and odd rollers 2 with different frequencies, the drive 7 is equipped with a shaft 8 with sprockets 9 and 10 with a different number of teeth installed at its opposite ends. In addition, the winding direction of the spirals of the odd and even rollers 2 is made in opposite directions. The frame 1 is made sliding with the possibility of changing its width using adjusting devices 11 and fixing in the desired position with bolts inserted into the holes 12. To ensure the transmission of rotation to the rollers 2 when the width of the frame 1 changes, the shaft 8 of the drive 7 is made composite. The possibility of changing its length is ensured by supplying one of its component parts with a non-circular bushing, for example, square, inside which the end of a similarly shaped shaft of another component part enters.

The soil cleaner for root crops works as follows. The drive 7 is turned on, which, through the shaft 8, transmits the torque to the sprockets 9 and 10, which, in turn, drive the sprockets 5 into rotation on the even and odd rollers 2, respectively, with different frequencies. Then, the roots, uncleaned from the soil, are fed onto the rollers 2, made in the form of spirals with an equal pitch of winding. Interacting with the rotating surface of the rollers 2, the roots move in the direction of rotation of the rollers. When moving, the roots come into contact with the even and odd rollers 2, rotating at different frequencies, as a result, simultaneously with the translational, they receive a rotational motion with the presence of slipping along the surface of the rollers 2. Since the direction of winding of the odd and even rollers is made in opposite directions, then additionally the root crops when rotating and moving forward, they are displaced on each adjacent roller 2 to the left or to the right, depending on the direction of spiral winding. As a result, the simultaneous turnover of root crops both in the direction of the translational movement and in the direction transverse from it increases. This, accordingly, increases the area over which the root crops in the cleaning process contact the surface of the rollers 2, thereby improving the process of separating the soil from the root crops. The soil separated from the root crops is removed into the gaps between the rollers 2, as well as between the spiral turns. When changing the type of root crops or their degree of contamination, the width of the frame 1 is changed with the help of adjusting devices 11. Then the frame is fixed in the required position with bolts inserted into the holes 12. The length of the shaft 8 changes accordingly by moving the end of one component part of the shaft 8 inside the sleeve of its other component part ... When the width of the frame changes due to rigid attachment to the bushings 3, the spirals are stretched or compressed, which causes a correspondingly uniform increase or decrease in the distances between their turns. This allows you to select the appropriate technological regime taking into account the type of root crops, as well as the degree of pollution and the type of contaminating soil, thereby improving the quality of their cleaning.

Consequently, the implementation of the frame is sliding with the possibility of changing its width and fixation in the desired position, the implementation of the rollers in the form of spirals with an equal pitch of winding, rigid fastening of the ends of the spirals on the bushings installed symmetrically inside the frame from different sides, the direction of winding spirals of odd and even rollers in opposite directions, as well as making the drive shaft composite with the possibility of changing its length increases the quality of cleaning root crops from soil.

Claims (1)

A soil cleaner for root crops containing rollers mounted on the frame with the possibility of rotation in one direction, interconnected by sprockets, and the sprockets of even and odd rollers are installed outside the frame from different sides with the possibility of rotation of even and odd rollers with different frequencies from the drive, which is different that the frame is made sliding with the possibility of changing its width and fixing in the required position, the rollers are made in the form of spirals with an equal pitch of winding, the ends of which are rigidly fixed on bushings installed symmetrically inside the frame from different sides, the direction of winding spirals of odd and even rollers is made in opposite directions, and the drive shaft is made composite with the ability to change its length.

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