RU2738967C1 - Root cleaner off soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building, in particular, to root crops cleaners from soil. Cleaner comprises rolls 2 mounted on frame 1 to rotate in one direction and interconnected by sprockets via chain 3. Sprockets of even 4 and odd 5 rollers are installed outside frame 1 on its different sides with possibility of even and odd rolls rotation in one direction with different frequency. Rollers 2 are made in the form of spirals the ends of which are fixed on bushings 6. Bushings are installed symmetrically inside the frame on its different sides. Sprockets of even and odd rollers are installed on shafts 7. Bushings 6 are coaxially installed on ends of shafts. Sprockets of even and odd rollers are connected via chain with separate drives 8 and 9 mounted on the frame with controlled rpm independent of each other. Direction of winding of spirals of odd and even rolls is made in opposite directions.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of root crops cleaning from soil.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to soil cleaners of root crops.

Known cleaner of root crops from soil [Patent RU No. 187599, Publ. 13.03.2019, Bul. No. 8], containing installed on the frame with the possibility of rotation in one direction cylindrical rollers. The rollers are interconnected by sprockets. The sprockets of the even and odd rollers are installed outside the frame from different sides with the possibility of rotation of the even and odd rollers at different frequencies.

The known device has a disadvantage - the low quality of cleaning root crops from soil.

The technical result achieved by using the invention is to improve the quality of cleaning root crops from soil.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the rollers are made in the form of spirals. The ends of the spirals are fixed on bushings, which are installed symmetrically inside the frame from different sides. The sprockets of the even and odd rollers are installed on the shafts, at the ends of which the bushings are coaxially installed. The sprockets of the even and odd rollers are connected through a chain with separate drives installed on the frame with an independent variable speed. The direction of winding odd and even rollers is performed in opposite directions.

FIG. 1 shows a general view of the cleaner, and FIG. 2 - the same, side view.

The soil cleaner for root crops includes rollers 2 made in the form of spirals installed on the frame 1 with the possibility of rotation in one direction. The rollers 2 are interconnected through a chain 3 by sprockets 4 and 5. Sprockets 4 of even rollers and sprockets 5 of odd rollers are installed outside the frame from different sides with the possibility of rotation of even and odd rollers at different frequencies. The ends of the spirals of the rollers 2 are fixed on the bushings 6, which are installed symmetrically inside the frame 1 from different sides. Sprockets 4 and 5 of even and odd rollers 2 are installed on shafts 7, at the ends of which bushings 6 are coaxially installed. Sprockets 4 and 5 of even and odd rollers 2 are connected through a chain 3 to separate drives 8 and 9 installed on the frame 1 with independent from each other adjustable speed. The direction of winding spirals of odd and even rollers 2 is made in opposite directions.

The soil cleaner for root crops works as follows. Include drives 8 and 9 of rollers 2, providing different speeds of their rotation. The possibility of providing an independent from each other adjustable speed of drives 8 and 9 of even and odd rollers 2 is provided, for example, by using asynchronous electric motors with frequency converters of the supply current.

The torque of the drives 8 and 9 is transmitted to the sprockets 4 and 5, which, through the shafts 7, rotate bushings 6 coaxially mounted on them symmetrically inside the frame 1 from different sides of the frame. Together with the bushings 6, the rollers 2 made in the form of spirals begin to rotate, since the ends of the spirals fixed on the bushings 6. In this case, the even and odd rollers 2 rotate in the same direction, but with different frequencies. Then the root crops, uncleaned from the soil, are fed to the rollers 2. Interacting with the rotating surface of the rollers 2, the roots move in the direction of their rotation. When moving, the roots come into contact with the even and odd rollers 2, rotating at different frequencies, as a result, simultaneously with the translational, the roots receive a rotational movement with sliding along the surface of the rollers. Since the direction of winding of odd and even rollers 2 is made in opposite directions, then additionally root crops, when rotating and moving forward, are displaced on each adjacent roller 2 to the left or to the right, depending on the direction of spiral winding. This increases the turnover of root crops both around its vertical and horizontal axes and, accordingly, the area of their contact with the surface of the rollers 2 increases, thereby improving the process of separating the soil from the root crops. The soil separated from the root crops is removed into the gaps between the rollers 2, as well as between the spiral turns.

With a greater degree of contamination of root crops, without changing the speed of one of the drives, the speed of the other drive is increased. As a result, the difference between the linear velocities of the points of the surfaces of the even and odd rollers 2 increases, causing an increase in the turnover of root crops around their axes, hence, improving the quality of their cleaning from contamination.

With a lesser degree of contamination of root crops, the rotational speed of both drives 8 and 9 is increased, without changing the difference in rotational speeds between them. As a result, the throughput of the device increases while maintaining the required quality of cleaning root crops.

Thus, a specific technological cleaning mode is selected depending on the type of root crops, their size and the type of contaminating soil (sandy loam, loamy, etc.), both by increasing or decreasing the rotational speed of the drives 8 and 9 of rollers 2, and by changing the difference in rotational speeds between them.

Consequently, the implementation of the rollers in the form of spirals, the ends of which are fixed on bushings installed symmetrically inside the frame from different sides, installation of the sprockets of even and odd rollers on the shafts, coaxial installation at the ends of the bushings, linking the sprockets of even and odd rollers through a chain with frame by separate drives with independent from each other adjustable speed, as well as the implementation of the direction of winding odd and even rollers in opposite directions improves the quality of cleaning root crops from soil.

Claims (1)

A soil cleaner for root crops, containing rollers mounted on the frame with the possibility of rotation in one direction, connected to each other through a chain by sprockets, and the sprockets of even and odd rollers are installed outside the frame from different sides with the possibility of rotation of even and odd rollers in the same direction with different frequencies , characterized in that the rollers are made in the form of spirals, the ends of which are fixed on bushings installed symmetrically inside the frame on different sides, the sprockets of even and odd rollers are installed on shafts, at the ends of which bushings are coaxially mounted, and the sprockets of even and odd rollers through the chain are connected with separate drives installed on the frame with an independent from each other adjustable speed, and the direction of winding spirals of odd and even rollers is made in opposite directions.

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