RU209457U1 - SOIL CLEANER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular, to root crop cleaners from soil. The task that the utility model solves is to improve the quality of cleaning root crops from soil. direction, rollers connected to each other through a chain with sprockets, and the sprockets of even and odd rollers are installed outside the frame from its different sides with the possibility of rotating even and odd rollers in the same direction at different frequencies, while the frame is made sliding with the possibility of changing its width and fixing in required position, the rollers are made in the form of spirals with an equal winding pitch, the ends of which are rigidly fixed on bushings installed symmetrically inside the frame from different sides, the sprockets of even and odd rollers are mounted on shafts, on the ends of which bushings are coaxially mounted, and the sprockets are even and odd shaft The rolls are connected through a chain to separate drives mounted on the frame with an independently adjustable speed, and the winding direction of the spirals of the odd and even rolls is made in opposite directions, where the rolls are made in the form of two identical spirals with an equal winding pitch, the ends of which are rigidly fixed diametrically oppositely symmetrical to the axis of rotation on the bushings with the displacement of the turns of the spirals in the winding phase relative to each other by 180°. 2 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular, to root crop cleaners from soil.

A root crop cleaner from soil is known (see patent RU No. 187599, 03/13/2019, Bull. No. 8), containing cylindrical rollers mounted on a frame with the possibility of rotation in one direction. The rollers are interconnected by asterisks. The sprockets of even and odd rollers are installed outside the frame from its different sides with the possibility of rotating even and odd rollers at different frequencies.

The known device has the disadvantage of low quality cleaning of root crops from the soil.

Known, taken as a prototype, a cleaner of root crops from the soil (see patent RU No. 2744948, 17.03.2021, bull. No. 8), containing rollers mounted on a frame with the possibility of rotation in one direction, connected to each other through a chain by asterisks, and the asterisks are even and odd rollers are installed outside the frame from its different sides with the possibility of rotating even and odd rollers in the same direction at different frequencies, while the frame is made sliding with the possibility of changing its width and fixing in the required position, the rollers are made in the form of spirals with equal winding pitch, the ends of which are rigidly fixed on bushings mounted symmetrically inside the frame from its different sides, the sprockets of even and odd rollers are mounted on shafts, at the ends of which bushings are coaxially mounted, and the sprockets of even and odd rollers are connected through a chain with separate drives mounted on the frame with an independent friend. from each other by an adjustable speed, and the direction of winding of the spirals is odd and even x rollers are made in opposite directions.

The disadvantage of the known device is the low quality of cleaning the root crops from the soil, since the spirals do not have a significant impact on the root crops in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the cleaner, i.e. along the axes of the spirals, since the angle of inclination of the spirals to these axes (winding angle) is insignificant from the point of view of the effect of the spirals on the root crops, and when it increases, the distance between the spirals (pitch) increases to a large gap between the turns of adjacent spirals, which is unacceptable from the point of view of the device’s operability. in relation to the size of the root crops, as a result of which they get stuck or fall between them.

The task that the utility model solves is to improve the quality of cleaning root crops from the soil.

This task is achieved with the help of a root crop cleaner from the soil, containing rollers mounted on a frame with the possibility of rotation in one direction, interconnected through a chain with sprockets, and the sprockets of even and odd rollers are installed outside the frame from different sides with the possibility of rotating even and odd rollers in in the same direction with different frequencies, while the frame is made sliding with the possibility of changing its width and fixing in the required position, the rollers are made in the form of spirals with an equal winding pitch, the ends of which are rigidly fixed to the bushings installed symmetrically inside the frame from different sides, even stars and odd rollers are mounted on shafts, at the ends of which bushings are coaxially mounted, and the sprockets of the even and odd rollers are connected through a chain to separate drives mounted on the frame with an independently adjustable speed, and the direction of winding the spirals of the odd and even rollers is made in the opposite direction. th sides, where the rollers are made in the form of two identical spirals with equal winding pitch, the ends of which are rigidly fixed diametrically oppositely symmetrically to the axis of rotation on the bushings with the turns of the spirals shifted in the winding phase relative to each other by 180°.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the cleaner.

In FIG. 2 - the same, side view.

The root crop cleaner from the soil includes rollers 2 mounted on the frame 1 with the possibility of rotation in one direction, made in the form of spirals with an equal winding pitch. The rollers 2 are connected to each other through a chain 3 by sprockets 4 and 5. Even 4 rollers and odd 5 rollers sprockets are installed outside the frame 1 from its different sides with the possibility of even and odd rollers 2 rotating in the same direction at different frequencies. Frame 1 is made sliding with the possibility of changing its width with the help of adjusting devices 6 and fixing in the desired position, for example, with bolts inserted into holes 7. The ends of the spirals of the rollers 2 are rigidly fixed to the bushings 8, which are installed symmetrically inside the frame 1 from different sides. Asterisks of even 4 and odd 5 rollers 2 are mounted on shafts 9, at the ends of which bushings 8 are coaxially mounted. Asterisks of even 4 and odd 5 rollers 2 are connected through a chain 3 with separate drives 10 and 11 mounted on frame 1 with independent adjustable frequency rotation. The direction of winding the spirals of odd and even rollers 2 is made in opposite directions. All rollers are made in the form of two identical spirals with an equal winding pitch, the ends of which are rigidly fixed diametrically opposite to the axis of rotation on the bushings with the turns of the spirals shifted along the winding phase relative to each other by 180°.

The root crop cleaner from the soil works as follows.

The drives 10 and 11 of the rollers 2 are switched on, providing a different frequency of their rotation in one direction. The ability to provide independent from each other adjustable speed drives 10 and 11 even and odd rollers 2 is provided, for example, by using asynchronous motors with frequency converters supply current. The torque from the drives 10 and 11 is transmitted to the sprockets 4 and 5, which through the shafts 9 rotate the bushings 8 coaxially mounted on them symmetrically inside the frame 1 from its different sides. Together with the bushings 8, the rollers 2 made in the form of spirals with an equal winding pitch , since the ends of the spirals are rigidly fixed on the bushings 8. Then the root crops, which are not cleaned from the soil, are fed onto the rollers 2. Interacting with the rotating surface of the rollers 2, the root crops move forward in the direction of their rotation. During their movement, the root crops come into contact with even and odd rollers 2, rotating at different frequencies, as a result, simultaneously with the translational movement, the root crops receive a rotational movement with slipping along the surface of the rollers 2.

Since the winding direction of the odd and even rollers 2 is made in opposite directions, additionally, the roots, during their rotation and moving forward, are shifted on each adjacent roller 2 to the left or right, depending on the direction of the spiral winding. Due to the fact that the rollers 2 are made in the form of two identical spirals with an equal winding pitch, the ends of which are rigidly fixed diametrically oppositely symmetrically to the axis of rotation on the bushings with the turns of the spirals shifted in the winding phase relative to each other by 180°, the angle of elevation of the spirals and their inclination to their axes twice as much as compared to the prototype and, therefore, noted their impact on the roots to the left or right in the proposed device is much more significant and significant in terms of their cleaning from the soil.

This increases the turnover of root crops both around their vertical and horizontal axes and, accordingly, the area of their contact with the surface of the rollers 2 increases, thereby improving the process of separating soil from root crops. The soil separated from the root crops is removed into the gaps between the rollers 2, as well as into the gaps between the turns of the spirals.

With a greater degree of contamination of root crops, without changing the rotational speed of one of the drives, increase the rotational speed of the other drive. As a result, the difference in linear velocities of the points of the surfaces of even and odd rollers 2 increases, accelerating the rotation of root crops around their axes per unit time, therefore, improving the quality of their cleaning from contamination. With a lower degree of contamination of the root crops, the rotational speed of both drives 10 and 11 is increased, without changing the difference in rotational speeds between them. As a result, the throughput of the device increases while maintaining the required quality of root crops cleaning.

When changing the type of root crops or the type of polluting soil (sandy, loamy, etc.), a specific technological cleaning mode is selected, in addition to increasing or decreasing the speed of rotation of the drives 10 and 11 of the rollers 2 and changing the difference in the speed of rotation between them, also changing the width of the frame 1 using adjusting devices 6. Then the frame is fixed in the required position with bolts inserted into the holes 7. When the width of the frame 1 changes, due to the rigid fixation on the bushings 8, the spirals of the rollers 2 are stretched or compressed, which causes a correspondingly uniform increase or decrease in the distances between their turns. This allows you to choose the appropriate cleaning mode, taking into account the type of root crops, their size, degree of pollution, granulometric composition of pollution and the type of soil polluting root crops, thereby improving the quality of their cleaning.

Therefore, the execution of the frame 1 is sliding with the possibility of changing its width and fixing in the required position, the rollers 2 are in the form of spirals, the ends of which are fixed on the bushings 8 installed symmetrically inside the frame 1 from its different sides, the installation of even 4 and odd 5 rollers on shafts 9, coaxial installation at the ends of shafts 9 of bushings 8, linking the sprockets of even 4 and odd 5 rollers through a chain 3 with separate drives 10 and 11 mounted on frame 1 with independently adjustable speed, as well as performing the direction of winding odd 5 and even 4 rollers in opposite directions improves the quality of cleaning root crops from the soil.

Claims (1)

Cleaner of root crops from the soil, containing rollers mounted on a frame with the possibility of rotation in one direction, interconnected through a chain with sprockets, and the stars of even and odd rollers are installed outside the frame from its different sides with the possibility of even and odd rollers rotating in one direction at different frequencies , while the frame is made sliding with the possibility of changing its width and fixing in the required position, the rollers are made in the form of spirals with an equal winding pitch, the ends of which are rigidly fixed on the bushings installed symmetrically inside the frame from different sides, the sprockets of even and odd rollers are mounted on shafts, at the ends of which bushings are coaxially mounted, and the sprockets of even and odd rollers are connected through a chain to separate drives mounted on the frame with an independently adjustable speed, and the direction of winding of the spirals of odd and even rollers is made in opposite directions, characterized in that rolls you are filled in the form of two identical spirals with an equal winding pitch, the ends of which are rigidly fixed diametrically opposite to the axis of rotation on the bushings with the turns of the spirals shifted along the winding phase relative to each other by 180°.

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