RU2792243C1 - Method for cultivation of winter triticale - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to crop production, and can be used to obtain feed in a green conveyor on sloping lands. The method includes soil preparation and autumn sowing of fodder grains. It is sown in strips across the slope of a mixture of winter triticale with winter vetch, winter rapeseed, and overwintering fodder peas. For each mixture, a triticale variety of different maturation periods is selected - early-ripening in a mixture with winter rapeseed in a ratio of 1: 1 from the seeding rate, mid-ripening with winter vetch and late-ripening with pelushka in a ratio of 2: 1. The mixtures are mowed as the optimal mowing ripeness sets in every 12-14 days, processing the aftermath at the beginning of regrowth after mowing with growth stimulants.

EFFECT: method provides for an increase in yield and improvement in the quality of green fodder, an extension of the green conveyor period, and a reduction in erosion processes.

1 cl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely crop production and can be used to obtain feed on the slopes in a green conveyor.

A well-known method of cultivating winter grains for fodder purposes, including plowing the soil, pre-sowing treatment, row sowing of seeds of winter wheat or rye (M.P. Elsukov, A.I. Tyutyunnikov, A.S. Mitrofanov. Annual fodder crops. Kolos, Moscow, 1967. S. 94-95)

However, the period of obtaining green fodder for cereal crops is limited in time, and after harvesting it is necessary to sow crops, which is associated with additional tillage and sowing costs. However, on sloping lands, additional tillage leads to increased erosion processes.

The result of the technical solution is an increase in yield and an improvement in the quality of green fodder, an extension of the green conveyor period, and a reduction in erosion processes.

The technical solution of the problem is achieved by sowing across the slope of three, alternating strips of double mixtures of fodder varieties of winter triticale of different ripening periods: with winter vetch, rapeseed and wintering fodder peas. At the same time, the mowing maturity of each of the mixtures differs from the others due to the selection of triticale varieties and the second crop of the mixture and is 12-14 days, and post-cut foliar treatment with growth stimulants of the grass mixture increases the yield of green mass.

Varieties of triticale for fodder use are intended for obtaining green mass, haylage, silage from early spring. Most fodder varieties of triticale have a later heading time than winter wheat and rye, which can significantly extend the green conveyor. In addition, triticale has a high post-harvest regrowth and high nutritional value, which improves the quality of green fodder mixtures with other crops.

The powerful, deeply penetrating root system of triticale makes it possible to cultivate the crop on sloping eroded lands with a steepness of up to 3°. Long-term turfing of the entire area under crops with highly bushy triticale plants provides snow retention in winter, slow melting and runoff of water in spring and summer.

The method is carried out as follows.

In autumn, a mixture of early-ripening winter triticale with winter rapeseed is sown on prepared soil across the slope, then a strip of a mixture of medium-ripening triticale with winter vetch, and a third strip of a mixture of late-ripening triticale with pelushka. The width of the strips of mixtures depends on the area of the field, the need for feed and is a multiple of the passages of the grain seeder.

When the optimal time for harvesting green mass arrives, the strips are mowed alternately, starting with a mixture of early ripe triticale with rapeseed, then a mixture of triticale with winter vetch and, finally, a mixture with pelushka. With the same sequence, the aftertaste of triticale grows on the strips. The rate of regrowth on mowed strips significantly depends on the conditions of the moisture supply of the period and the regenerative capacity of the components of the mixtures, possibly up to 2-3 mowings. To accelerate the regrowth of grass after mowing, foliar treatment with growth stimulants is carried out.

The most important feature of triticale is high drought resistance, post-harvest dampness, resistance to diseases and pests of cereals, as well as high productivity in comparison with other crops. Triticale serves as a support crop for lodging vetch and pelushki. Winter vetch and pelushka enrich the feed mixture with protein, and due to the greater amount of stubble and root residues - the soil with nitrogen. Winter rapeseed provides a high yield of the mixture, has a good regeneration ability.

Sowing with a mixture of triticale seeds with legumes (pelushka, vetch) is carried out in a ratio of 2:1, and a mixture of triticale with rapeseed in a ratio of 1:1 from the seeding rate in clean crops. Mowing is carried out as mowing ripeness begins, starting with an earlier mixture every 12-14 days. Varieties of the components of the mixtures are selected according to the ripening period with varieties of triticale.

After mowing, at the beginning of the regrowth of grass mixtures, foliar treatment is carried out with sodium humate and a highly concentrated water-soluble complex of microelements in chelated form - Aquamix, which significantly increases the yield of growing green mass.

Implementation example. In autumn, three fodder mixtures with winter triticale of different ripening periods were sown across the field with a slope of 2.5°, in alternating strips of 4 passes of the seeder. A mixture of triticale of the early ripe variety Tikhon with winter rapeseed of the Typhoon variety was sown in a ratio of 1:1 from the seeding rate. The middle-ripening variety of triticale Tornado was sown with winter vetch and a strip of late-ripening triticale variety Khleborob with pelushka in the ratio of 2:1.

With the onset of cutting ripeness, the mixtures were mown for green fodder. The time between strip cuts was 12-14 days. At the beginning of regrowth after mowing, the aftermath was treated with growth stimulants - sodium humate and Aquamix.

The best regrowth of the aftermath was noted in the strip with the previously cut mixture of triticale with rapeseed, which is apparently associated with a more humid period and varietal characteristics.

Thus, the period of harvesting for the green mass of crops of mixtures from triticale of the first cut lasts up to 35-40 days. This period is approaching the time of re-cutting on the site mowed first.

The proposed method of cultivation of triticale allows for a long time to provide high-quality green fodder and helps to reduce erosion processes on sloping lands.

Claims (1)

A method for cultivating winter triticale, including soil preparation, autumn sowing of fodder grains, characterized in that it is sown in strips across the slope of a mixture of winter triticale with winter vetch, winter rapeseed, wintering fodder peas with pelushka, while for each mixture a triticale variety of different ripening periods is selected - early ripe in a mixture with winter rapeseed in a ratio of 1:1 of the seeding rate, mid-ripening with winter vetch and late-ripening with pelushka in a ratio of 2:1, while mowing the mixture as the optimal cutting ripeness occurs every 12-14 days, processing the aftermath at the beginning of regrowth after mowing with growth stimulants.