RU2792243C9 - Method for cultivation of winter triticale - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to crop production, and can be used to obtain feed in a green conveyor on sloping lands. The method includes soil preparation and autumn sowing of fodder grains. It is sown in strips across the slope of a mixture of winter triticale with winter vetch, winter rapeseed, and overwintering fodder peas. For each mixture, a triticale variety of different maturation periods is selected - early-ripening in a mixture with winter rapeseed in a ratio of 1: 1 from the seeding rate, mid-ripening with winter vetch and late-ripening with pelushka in a ratio of 2: 1. The mixtures are mowed as the optimal mowing ripeness sets in every 12-14 days, processing the aftermath at the beginning of regrowth after mowing with growth stimulants.

EFFECT: method provides for an increase in yield and improvement in the quality of green fodder, an extension of the green conveyor period, and a reduction in erosion processes.

1 cl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely crop production, and can be used to obtain feed on slopes in a green conveyor.

A well-known method of cultivating winter grains for feed purposes, including plowing the soil, pre-sowing cultivation, row sowing of seeds of winter wheat or rye (M.P. Elsukov, A.I. Tyutyunnikov, A.S. Mitrofanov. Annual forage crops. Kolos, Moscow, 1967. pp. 94-95)

However, the period for obtaining green fodder from cereal crops is limited in time, and after harvesting it is necessary to sow mowing crops, which is associated with additional tillage and sowing costs. However, on sloping lands, additional cultivation leads to increased erosion processes.

The result of the technical solution is an increase in yield and improvement in the quality of green fodder, extension of the period of the green conveyor, and reduction of erosion processes.

The technical solution to the problem is achieved by sowing across the slope three alternating strips of double mixtures of forage varieties of winter triticale of different ripening periods: with winter vetch, rapeseed and wintering fodder peas. At the same time, the mowing maturity period of each of the mixtures differs from the others due to the selection of triticale varieties and the second crop of the mixture and is 12-14 days, and post-mowing foliar treatment with growth stimulants of the grass mixture increases the yield of green mass.

Triticale varieties for fodder use are intended for producing green mass, haylage, and silage in early spring. Most forage varieties of triticale have a later heading period than winter wheat and rye, which makes it possible to significantly extend the green conveyor. In addition, triticale has high post-cut regrowth and high nutritional value, which improves the quality of green fodder in mixtures with other crops.

The powerful, deeply penetrating root system of triticale allows the crop to be cultivated on eroded slopes of up to 3°. Long-term sodding of the entire crop area with highly bushy triticale plants ensures snow retention in winter and slow melting and water runoff in spring and summer.

The method is carried out as follows.

In the autumn, a mixture of early-ripening winter triticale with winter rapeseed is sown on prepared soil across the slope, then a strip of a mixture of mid-ripening triticale with winter vetch, and a third strip of a mixture of late-ripening triticale with pellet. The width of the mixture strips depends on the area of the field, the need for feed and is a multiple of the passes of the grain seeder.

When the optimal time for harvesting the green mass arrives, the strips are mowed alternately, starting with a mixture of early ripening triticale with rapeseed, then a mixture of triticale with winter vetch, and finally a mixture with pellet. With the same sequence, triticale leaves grow on the stripes. The rate of regrowth on mowed strips significantly depends on the moisture supply conditions of the period and the regenerative ability of the components of the mixtures, possibly up to 2-3 mowings. To accelerate the regrowth of grass after cutting, foliar treatment with growth stimulants is carried out.

The most important feature of triticale is its high drought resistance, post-harvest mortality, resistance to grain diseases and pests, as well as high productivity in comparison with other grain crops. Triticale serves as a support crop for the lodging stems of vetch and pelyushka. Winter vetch and pelyushka enrich the feed mixture with protein, and due to the larger amount of stubble and root residues, enrich the soil with nitrogen. Winter rapeseed provides high yield of the mixture and has good regenerative ability.

Sowing with a mixture of triticale seeds and legumes (pelyushka, vetch) is carried out in a ratio of 2:1, and a mixture of triticale with rapeseed in a ratio of 1:1 from the sowing rate in pure crops. Harvesting is carried out as mowing ripeness approaches, starting with an earlier mixture every 12-14 days. The varieties of mixture components are selected according to the ripening period with triticale varieties.

After mowing, at the beginning of the regrowth of grass mixtures, foliar treatment is carried out with sodium humate and a highly concentrated water-soluble complex of microelements in chelated form - Aquamix, which significantly increases the yield of the regrown green mass.

Example implementation. In the fall, three feed mixtures with winter triticale of different ripening periods were sown across the field with a slope of 2.5°, in alternating strips of 4 passes of the seeder. A mixture of triticale of the early ripening variety Tikhon with winter rapeseed variety Typhoon was sown in a ratio of 1:1 from the seeding rate. The mid-season triticale variety Tornado was sown with winter vetch and a strip of the late-ripening triticale variety Khleborob with pellyushka in a ratio of 2:1.

As mowing ripeness approached, the mixtures were mowed for green fodder. The time between cutting strips was 12-14 days. At the beginning of regrowth after cuttings, the regrowth was treated with growth stimulants - sodium humate and Aquamix.

The best regrowth of the regrowth was noted in the strip with a previously mowed mixture of triticale and rapeseed, which is apparently due to a more humid period and varietal characteristics.

Thus, the period of harvesting mixtures with triticale from the first cutting for green mass lasts up to 35-40 days. This period is approaching the time for re-cutting the area that was mowed first.

The proposed method of cultivating triticale allows for a long time to ensure the production of high-quality green fodder and helps reduce erosion processes on sloping lands.

Claims (1)

A method for cultivating winter triticale, including soil preparation, autumn sowing of fodder grains, characterized in that a mixture of winter triticale with winter vetch, winter rapeseed, wintering fodder peas with pelushka is sown in strips across the slope, while a variety of triticale of different ripening periods is selected for each mixture - early ripe in a mixture with winter rapeseed in a ratio of 1:1 of the seeding rate, mid-ripening with winter vetch and late-ripening with pelushka in a ratio of 2:1, while mowing the mixture as the optimal cutting ripeness occurs every 12-14 days, processing the aftermath at the beginning of regrowth after mowing with growth stimulants.