RU2781657C1 - Pulse combustion cremation furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: furnaces.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to apparatus for disposing of organic waste by incineration, in particular, to cremation furnaces specifically designed for incinerating predominantly infected corpses of animals or birds and other organic waste, and can be used in agriculture and medicine. Pulse combustion cremation furnace comprises a heat-insulated cylindrical body installed on a support frame, said body including a chamber for cremating organic waste in a pulsating fuel combustion stream, lined with a heat-resistant material, e.g., ceramic grog blocks, on the inside. A hatch for loading the cremation material is made on top of the cylindrical wall of the body, covered by a flap lid with a locking handle, as well as a chimney. A gas or liquid fuel pulse combustion burner with an igniter is installed with a slope towards the hearth of the cremation chamber in the end wall of the cremation chamber on the side of the chimney, connected with the systems for supplying fuel and air thereto, equipped with a heat sensor and a control unit. A hatch with a door in made in the opposite end wall of the cremation chamber for removing the organic waste incineration products from the cremation chamber. A nozzle for supplying air to the cremation chamber is installed tangentially to the cylindrical surface of the cremation chamber in the furnace body on the side opposite to the chimney. The chimney is made with an ejector for the suction of flue gases from the cremation chamber and a flue gas afterburning area behind the ejector. The cremation furnace additionally comprises an electric intake fan with an air distribution gate for switching the injection of air into the cremation chamber through the nozzle and/or via the air duct into the ejector by means of a switch. A viewing window with a slope to the hearth of the cremation chamber is made in the end wall of the body, opposite from the burner, for visual monitoring of the process of cremation of organic waste. At the outlet of the flue gas afterburning area, the chimney is coupled with the heat exchanger of the water or air heating system.

EFFECT: reduction in the maintenance costs of furnace and intensification of the process of cremation of organic waste due to the original scheme for cremation thereof by pulse combustion of liquid or gas fuels.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for the destruction of organic waste by incineration, in particular, to cremation ovens specially designed for burning predominantly infected carcasses of animals, birds and other organic waste, and can be used in agriculture and medicine.

A well-known cremation oven, consisting of a heat-insulated metal case with a removable lid, a chimney and a grate made of channels installed in a row with a certain pitch with shelves directed downwards, the end surfaces of each of which are adjacent to the windows in two longitudinal pipes of rectangular cross section, located along internal walls of the furnace body, and the ends of these longitudinal pipes, closing in the rear side of the furnace in the upper part of the sedimentation chamber, form a nozzle. (Patent RU No. 2 603 981 C1. Cremation oven. - IPC: F23G 1/00, F23G 5/44. - Published on 12/10/2016). A disadvantage of the known furnace is the presence in its design of a blower door to control the amount of air entering the furnace, a grate and screens with a sedimentary chamber, which are necessary for burning solid fuels, which requires significant labor costs for maintenance, which reduces the efficiency of burning organic waste.

Known installation for cremation, containing a housing located in it the combustion chamber, equipped with heat-resistant material and provided with a lockable hatch. There is a nozzle on the side of the hatch. On the opposite side there is a nozzle and a chimney. In the upper part of the combustion chamber and the lower part of the chimney there is a zone for afterburning the exhaust gases. Perforated guides are located along the walls of the combustion chamber. The unit is equipped with a heater to heat the air, and a ripper to speed up the combustion process. Change of a tilt angle of installation is carried out by means of the electric motor. (Patent RU No. 2 095 687 C1. Installation for cremation. - IPC: F23G 1/00. - Published on 11/10/1997). This technical solution is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantage of the known technical solution adopted as a prototype is the presence of perforated guides along the walls of the combustion chamber, between which there is a device for loosening the combustible material, and the installation is configured to change the angle of inclination of the housing, which complicates the design of the installation and requires significant labor costs for maintenance, reducing thereby the efficiency of incineration of organic waste.

The main task to be solved by the claimed technical solution is the intensification of the organic waste cremation process, the simplification of the design and the reduction of maintenance costs.

The technical result of the proposed technical solution is to simplify the design of the cremation oven by eliminating from it perforated guides with a device for loosening the combustible material and intensifying the process of cremation of organic waste due to the original scheme of their burning in the chamber by pulsating combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels with monitoring the combustion process through a viewing window.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that in a well-known cremation oven containing a heat-insulated cylindrical body mounted on a metal frame and made with an organic waste cremation chamber lined from the inside with heat-resistant material, with a lid-closable hatch for loading the cremated material and a hatch for removing combustion products, smoke a pipe with a flue gas afterburning zone and nozzles with fuel and air supply systems connected to the control unit, one of which is installed in the end wall of the cremation chamber from the side of the chimney with an inclination towards the chambers, according to the proposed technical solution. According to the invention, the chamber is configured to burn organic waste in a pulsating flow of combustible fuel and is equipped with a temperature sensor connected to the control unit, for which a gas or liquid fuel pulsating combustion burner with an igniter connected to the fuel and air supply systems, and another nozzle is designed to supply air to the cremation chamber and is installed tangentially to the cylindrical surface of the cremation chamber from the side opposite the chimney, and the hatch for loading the cremated material is made on top of the body with a hinged lid and a locking handle , and the chimney - with an ejector for ejecting flue gases from the cremation chamber, behind which there is a zone for afterburning flue gases, while the furnace additionally contains a supply fan with an air distribution damper for switching air injection through the nozzle into the cremation chamber and/or through the air duct to the ejector, and in the end wall of the cremation chamber, opposite from the burner, there is a viewing window with an inclination to the bottom of the cremation chamber, and a hatch for removing combustion products is made with a door at the level of the chamber bottom;

the chimney at the exit from the flue gas afterburning zone is connected to the heat exchanger of the water or air heating system.

The analysis of the prior art provided by the applicant made it possible to establish that there are no analogues characterized by a set of features identical to all the features of the claimed cremation furnace of pulsating combustion. Therefore, the claimed technical solution meets the condition of patentability "novelty".

The results of the search for known solutions in this field of technology in order to identify features that match the distinguishing features of the prototype of the proposed technical solution showed that they do not follow explicitly from the prior art. From the level of technology determined by the applicant, the influence of the transformation provided for by the essential features of the claimed technical solution on the achievement of the specified technical result has not been revealed. Therefore, the claimed technical solution meets the condition of patentability "inventive step".

The inventive pulse burning cremation oven can be used in agriculture and medicine for burning infected carcasses of animals, birds and other organic waste. Therefore, the claimed technical solution meets the condition of patentability "industrial applicability".

The design of the cremation furnace of pulsating combustion is illustrated by diagrams, where: in Fig. 1 shows a cremator, side view; in fig. 2 - the same, top view; in fig. 3 - the same, longitudinal section A - A in Fig. 2; in fig. 4 - general view of the body with a pulsating combustion chamber lined from the inside with heat-resistant material, in an axonometric view.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the proposed cremation furnace pulsed combustion containing a heat-insulated cylindrical body 1 mounted on a support frame 2. (Fig. 1 and 2). The body 1 includes a chamber 3 for cremation of organic waste in a pulsating flow of fuel combustion, bricked from the inside with a heat-resistant material 4, for example, fireclay blocks. (Fig. 3 and 4). On top of the cylindrical wall of the housing 1, a hatch 5 is made for loading the cremated material, closed by a hinged lid 6 with a locking handle 7 and a chimney 8. In the end wall of the cremation chamber 3 from the chimney 8 side, a gas or liquid fuel burner 9 of pulsating combustion with an igniter is installed, with slope to the hearth 10 of the cremation chamber 3, connected to the systems for supplying fuel and air to it, equipped with a temperature sensor and a control unit (conditionally not shown). In the opposite end wall of the cremation chamber 3, a hatch 11 is made with a door 12 for removing organic waste incineration products from the cremation chamber 3. In the housing 1 from the side opposite the chimney 8, tangentially to the cylindrical surface of the cremation chamber 3, a nozzle 13 is installed to supply air to the cremation chamber 3. The chimney 8 is made with an ejector 14 for exhausting flue gases from the cremation chamber 3 and a zone for afterburning flue gases behind the ejector 14, while the furnace additionally contains a supply electric fan 15 with an air distribution damper 16 for switching the air injection into the cremation chamber 3 through a tangentially mounted nozzle 13 and/ or through the air duct 17 to the ejector 14 by means of the switch 18, and in the end wall of the housing 1 opposite from the burner 9, a viewing window 19 is made with an inclination of under 10 of the cremation chamber 3 to control visual observation of the organic waste cremation process. The chimney 8 at the outlet of the flue gas afterburning zone is connected to the heat exchanger 20 of the water or air heating system.

Cremation oven pulsed combustion works as follows.

The switch 18 of the air distribution damper 16 is switched to the closed position (3), in which air is supplied to the ejector 14 installed in the chimney 8 with the help of a supply electric fan 15. the flow of combustible fuel, after which the locking handle 7 warms up the hatch 5 of the body 1 and the organic waste is loaded into the under 10 of the chamber 3 for their cremation, and after loading the organic waste into the chamber 3, the hatch 5 on the body 1 is closed with a lid 6 and locked with the handle 7. For complete combustion of organic waste, the required amount of air is supplied to the chamber 3 through the nozzle 13, for which the switch 18 of the air distribution damper 16 is set to the open position (O). As a result of creating a pulsating combustion of fuel with an air swirl from a tangentially installed nozzle 13, resonant vibrations arise in the organic waste cremation chamber 3, which affect the organic waste loaded into the chamber 3, exciting their vibrations, thereby ensuring the completeness and acceleration of organic waste cremation. The process of cremation of organic waste is visually controlled through the viewing window 19. In this case, hot flue gases from fuel combustion and combustion of organic waste are sent to the chimney 8, coupled with the heat exchanger 20, through which the heat of the flue gases is transferred to the water or air heating system, and the cooled flue gases gases are released into the environment. When the temperature in chamber 3 reaches 760°C, the control unit turns off the fuel supply by means of a temperature sensor, while the supply electric fan 15 continues to pump air through the nozzle 13 into chamber 3, thereby maintaining intensive combustion processes, and when the temperature drops to 714°C, the control unit by means of temperature sensor automatically starts the fuel supply. When loading the next portion of waste, the switch 18 of the air distribution damper 16 is switched to the closed position (3), in which air from the supply electric fan 15 is supplied to the ejector 14, the latter sucks out the residual gases from the combustion of combustion products from the cremation chamber 3 into the chimney 8, thereby eliminating emission of flue gases through the open cover 6 hatch 5. After burning organic waste, the fuel and air supply systems to the burner 9 are turned off, the switch 18 of the air distribution damper 16 is set to the open position (O) and the air pumped by the supply electric fan 15 through the nozzle 13 is blown through the chamber 3 , while hot flue gases from the combustion of fuel and the combustion of organic waste are sent to the chimney 8, cooling it for the subsequent removal of combustion products of organic waste through the hatch 11 with the door 12.

The original scheme of burning organic waste in a cremation oven with pulsating fuel combustion, which creates resonant vibrations in the cremation chamber 3, which affects the organic waste loaded into the chamber 3, exciting their vibrations, and the presence of an electric fan 15 with an air distribution damper 16 allow the furnace to be operated on liquid or gaseous fuels . As a result, due to the intensification of intra-chamber combustion processes and the reduction of operating costs, the efficiency of using a cremation oven is increased by 1.7-2 times compared to analogues with the same geometric dimensions.

Claims (2)

1. A cremation furnace of pulsed combustion, containing a heat-insulated cylindrical body mounted on a metal frame and made with an organic waste cremation chamber lined from the inside with heat-resistant material, with a hatch for loading the cremated material and a hatch for removing combustion products, a chimney with an afterburning zone gases and nozzles with fuel and air supply systems connected to the control unit, one of which is installed in the end wall of the cremation chamber from the side of the chimney with an inclination towards the chamber, characterized in that the chamber is configured to burn organic waste in a pulsating flow combustible fuel and is equipped with a temperature sensor connected to the control unit, for which purpose a gas- or liquid-fuel burner of pulsating combustion with an igniter is used as a nozzle installed in the end wall of the cremation chamber from the side of the chimney, connected to fuel supply systems and air, and the other nozzle is made to supply air to the cremation chamber and is installed tangentially to the cylindrical surface of the cremation chamber from the side opposite the chimney, and the hatch for loading the cremated material is made on top of the body with a hinged lid and a locking handle, and the chimney is equipped with an ejector ejector flue gases from the cremation chamber, behind which there is a zone of afterburning of flue gases, while the furnace additionally contains a supply fan with an air distribution damper for switching air injection through the nozzle into the cremation chamber and / or through the air duct into the ejector, and in the end wall of the cremation chamber opposite from the burner a viewing window is made with an inclination to the bottom of the cremation chamber, and a hatch for removing combustion products is made with a door at the level of the bottom of the chamber. 2. The cremation oven according to claim 1, characterized in that the chimney at the exit from the flue gas afterburning zone is connected to the heat exchanger of the water or air heating system.

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