RU2507448C1 - Neutraliser of biowaste - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: neutraliser of biowaste includes a combustion chamber, a burning unit, a high discharge fan with air outlet, and the following serial components: a loading chamber, an afterburning chamber, a cyclone and a resonant pipe. The neutraliser additionally comprises a horizontally aligned cylindrical body equipped with a hatch on the cylindrical surface, with a cone on one end side, by the second end side the body is connected with the afterburning chamber, the loading chamber is made in the form of a cylinder with conical tapers and holes at the end sides, is arranged horizontally inside the body on location beds and is equipped with a hatch on the cylindrical surface opposite to the body hatch, the combustion chamber is made as detachable in the form of a cylinder, is arranged horizontally inside the loading chamber and is equipped with a grid at one end at the side of the afterburning chamber, the burning unit is fixed on the cone of the body and is coupled with the second end of the combustion chamber, the outlet of fan air is directed tangentially inside the body in the area of the body cone and inside the loading chamber in the area of the cone at the side of the burning unit.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase efficiency to supply secondary air and to prevent occurrence of thermal deformations under peak loads.

3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of energy technology equipment, namely, devices for the destruction of waste by burning, in particular, to the designs of furnaces for the disposal of solid waste. The device can find application in industry and municipal services in the processing of waste containing paper, wood, rubber, textiles and other components by gasification and subsequent afterburning. The device can also be used to destroy hazardous waste, such as infected waste from medical facilities and toxic chemicals. Thermal neutralization allows the disposal of medical waste without a sorting line and preliminary disinfection. At the same time, heat treatment does not have an adverse effect on the environment and reduces the risk of injuries to personnel, as well as frees up money from a medical institution and the time spent by a worker on sorting and disinfection.

Heat treatment satisfies both sanitary-epidemiological and environmental requirements; therefore, a large number of waste heat furnaces are known, based on the use of the principles of various types of combustion.

Known mobile furnace for thermal disposal and disposal of organic waste (RF patent for utility model No. 77939, IPC F23G 5/00), consisting of a pyrolysis furnace body, a module for supplying air and energy to the combustion chamber of the furnace, containing an exhaust gas utilization system, wherein the furnace body is rotatable. In the center of one end surface of the housing there is a seat for installing the burner, into which it is installed with the possibility of replacement, and the outer nozzle of the burner is connected via a rotary detachable connection to the pipeline for supplying the fuel mixture to the burner, and a hole is made in the center of the opposite end surface of the housing pipe nozzle with the function of removal of combustion products. The furnace body is made of heat-resistant steel with a heat-insulating coating and has protrusions on the inner surface. The shape of the furnace body is cylindrical or in the form of another body of revolution. The rotatable housing is connected to supporting parts mounted on a movable platform or car chassis. The furnace is made with the possibility of rotation of the housing by means of a gear or chain transmission, the rotation of which is specified from the drive of an electric or diesel engine or from the shaft of a car engine. The pipe pipe for the removal of combustion products is connected using a rotating detachable connection with the fixed part of the pipeline.

However, the presence of a housing rotation device complicates the design.

Known heat generator of pulsating combustion (RF patent for the invention No. 2187041, IPC F23C 11/04), made horizontally oriented and containing a pulsating combustion chamber with an aerodynamic valve, including a combustion chamber with a fuel supply and ignition system, a resonant tube located in a common casing, which telescopically connected to the ejector with the possibility of axial movement, an air pipe with a bell, the inlet portion of which is located coaxially with the end of the aerodynamic valve protruding from the casing. The heat generator is equipped with a cooling and mixing chamber, the axis of which is perpendicular to the axis of the ejector, having a cylindrical section with a pipe for supplying combustion products from the ejector, a conical section ending with an expanding gas outlet nozzle, a tapering nozzle located inside the chamber along its axis and connected to the pipe on the end part cooling and mixing chamber for connecting the output end of the air pipe, telescopically connected to the inlet section of the air pipe, in which olozhena flap.

However, the known design is difficult to use due to the inconvenience of loading, which creates certain difficulties in the disposal of waste.

A device for burning liquid fuel and liquid combustible waste (patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2349836) containing a cyclone combustion chamber, two tangentially arranged nozzles, one of which serves to supply air, the other to remove combustion products from the combustion zone, is known. The cyclone chamber contains a transverse partition with concentrically located central nozzles forming an annular gap between them, a tube replacing the nozzle, the output section of which is directed towards the inner wall of the central nozzle.

The device has limited applicability and, in addition, is not equipped with a flue gas cleaning system, which negatively affects the environmental properties of the installation in operation.

Closest to the claimed device is a solid waste fire converter (Eurasian patent for invention No. 014625, IPC F23G 5/00, F23G 5/32) containing a loading chamber, a combustion chamber and a cyclone equipped with a chimney, while the combustion chamber is placed under loading chamber and is a vertically oriented cylindrical housing with a shaft coaxially located inside it with the formation of an annular gap between the side walls of the housing and the shaft, the air flow inlet, located tangent to the side wall of the casing, and a burner unit connected to the side wall of the casing, made with the possibility of pulsating combustion. In the lower part of the housing of the combustion chamber, an ash pan is fixed, connected to the agitator of the ash residue. The neutralizer is equipped with a afterburner located under the combustion chamber and consisting of a body with a cylindrical lateral surface, an unloading door for processed products and a nozzle fixed in the upper central part of the afterburner and made in the form of a truncated cone with a smaller base facing the unloading door, and the cyclone is tangential connected to the afterburner. The body shaft is a cylinder, to the lower base of which a metal frame is attached, made in the form of a set of vertically oriented metal rods located around the circumference of the cylinder and fastened together by a metal hoop. The loading chamber, the combustion chamber and the afterburner are bonded to each other by means of a heat-insulated lock connection, while the afterburner is equipped with a discharge mechanism for the processed product connected to the discharge hatch.

However, the prototype does not allow high-quality disposal of biological waste, as the design of the device allows the ingress of waste from the loading chamber directly into the ash pan.

The task to which the claimed technical solution is directed is to improve the operational characteristics of the device due to the horizontally oriented arrangement of the device, as well as the implementation of a removable boot chamber.

The technical result achieved by using the claimed invention is to increase the efficiency of the supply of secondary air and prevent the occurrence of thermal deformations during peak loads.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the biological waste converter comprising a combustion chamber, a burner assembly, a high-pressure fan with an air outlet and sequentially arranged loading chamber, an afterburner, a cyclone and a resonance tube, further comprises a horizontally oriented cylindrical body provided with a hatch on the cylindrical surface, with a cone on one end side, the second end side of the housing is connected to the afterburner, the loading chamber is made on in the form of a cylinder with conical contractions and holes on the end sides, it is located horizontally inside the housing on the lodges and is equipped with a hatch on a cylindrical surface opposite the hatch of the housing, the combustion chamber is removable in the form of a cylinder, located horizontally inside the loading chamber and is provided with a grill on one end from the side the afterburner chamber, the burner assembly is mounted on the cone of the housing and mated to the second end of the combustion chamber, the air outlet of the fan is directed tangentially into the housing in the region of the cone to oppus and into the boot chamber in the area of the cone from the side of the burner assembly. The housing, the housing cone and the afterburner are interconnected by means of flanges with the possibility of multiple assembly / disassembly. The combustion chamber is made in the form of a container for collecting biological waste, the dimensions of which provide the possibility of tight placement inside the loading chamber.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a housing with an afterburner assembly; in Fig 2 - structural elements of the claimed device; figure 3-5 presents a diagram of a stationary installation of the inventive device.

The positions in the drawings indicate:

1 - housing;

2 - hatch;

3 - cone of the body;

4 - burner unit;

5 - afterburner;

6 - window of the afterburner;

7 - cyclone;

8 - resonance tube;

9 - air outlet;

10 - high-pressure fan;

11 - boot camera;

12 - hatch boot chamber;

13 - combustion chamber;

14 - the lattice of the combustion chamber.

The inventive device allows you to efficiently burn solid combustible waste without emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere. The basis of the inventive device is the use of pulsating combustion technology, which is ten times greater than conventional combustion in terms of completeness of combustion and the degree of oxidation of gases. At the moment, pulsating combustion is the most technologically advanced and environmentally friendly process of burning hydrocarbon fuels.

The inventive device is a structure mounted indoors in a stationary embodiment, including a horizontally oriented cylindrical body 1, equipped with a hatch 2 on a cylindrical surface. The walls of the body are double, the space between them is filled with insulating material. A truncated cone 3 is attached to one end face of the housing by means of flanges and a bolted connection, and a burner assembly 4 is attached to the narrow base of the cone. The burner assembly is a pulsating combustion generator that ignites the fuel (liquid or gaseous) supplied to it. To the second end side of the housing with the help of flanges and bolted connection is attached the afterburner 5, made in the form of a truncated cone, with its wide base facing the housing. The bolted connection between the housing, the cone of the housing and the afterburner with the help of flanges provides the possibility of multiple assembly / disassembly of the device for prevention and repair, as well as the replacement of nodes if necessary. The afterburner is provided with a window 6 on the conical surface for communicating the internal cavity of the afterburner with the inlet of the cyclone 7, the cyclone outlet is in turn connected to the resonance tube 8. The cyclone is tangentially connected to the afterburner and is used to separate solid particles from the combustion products. On the cylindrical surface of the casing near the cone of the casing, a window is made for communicating the internal cavity of the casing with the air outlet 9 of the high-pressure fan 10 so that the air from the fan is directed tangentially into the casing. A horizontal cylindrical loading chamber 11 is arranged coaxially with the inside of the casing. On the end sides of the loading chamber conical taperings are made, ending with openings for air flow from the fan from the cone of the housing through the internal space of the loading chamber to the afterburner. The loading chamber is located inside the housing on the lodges, ensuring the passage of air flow from the cone of the housing around the loading chamber into the afterburner. On the cylindrical surface of the loading chamber opposite the hatch of the housing, a hatch 12 of the loading chamber is made. Horizontally inside the loading chamber there is a combustion chamber 13, made in the form of a cylinder, designed to accommodate neutralized biological waste. The combustion chamber at the end from the side of the afterburner is equipped with a grill 14, which prevents unburned waste from entering the afterburner, the other end of the combustion chamber is located in such a way as to ensure interfacing with the exit of the burner assembly. The combustion chamber may be a removable container for collecting biological waste, having dimensions that allow dense placement inside the loading chamber.

The inventive device operates as follows.

Waste is placed in separate containers for collecting biological waste, which are cylindrical metal containers, which, by their function, are interchangeable combustion chambers designed for placement in a loading chamber. Containers for collecting biological waste (combustion chambers) are placed in places of waste generation (operating rooms, laboratories, handling rooms, livestock enterprises, etc.), and after filling, they are transported to a biological waste neutralizer, where they are placed one inside the loading chamber, destroy the contents and then remove the empty container suitable for reuse.

To install the combustion chamber 13 in the biological waste neutralizer, open the hatch of the casing 2 and the hatch of the boot chamber 12, place the combustion chamber inside the boot chamber so that the end of the combustion chamber equipped with the grill 14 is located on the side of the afterburner 5, and the other end is located in close proximity from the outlet of the burner assembly 4, after which the loading chamber hatch and the body hatch are closed. Then turn on the burner unit 4 and the high-pressure fan 10. The flame and heated air from the burner unit enter the combustion chamber, heating, evaporating and igniting biological waste, while air from the high-pressure fan enters the combustion chamber, improving the combustion of biological waste, the resulting combustion products come from combustion chambers in the afterburner. The air from the high-pressure fan also tangentially enters the cavity of the housing 1, swirls around the loading chamber, heating and at the same time cooling the walls of the housing, and then enters the afterburner, where it contributes to the afterburning of the combustion products of biological waste. Gas from the afterburner enters a cyclone 7, in which it is twisted, which leads to the deposition of dust and soot on the walls of the cyclone, the purified gas enters the resonance tube, where it is cooled and then released into the atmosphere. After complete combustion of the biological waste, the combustion chamber is replaced and the process is repeated again.

Claims (3)

1. A biological waste converter comprising a combustion chamber, a burner assembly, a high-pressure fan with an air outlet and a sequentially located loading chamber, an afterburner, a cyclone and a resonance tube, characterized in that it further comprises a horizontally oriented cylindrical body provided with a hatch on a cylindrical surface, a cone on one end side, the second end side of the housing is connected to the afterburner, the loading chamber is made in the form of a cylinder with conical contractions and on the end sides, it is located horizontally inside the housing on the lodges and is equipped with a hatch on a cylindrical surface opposite the hatch of the housing, the combustion chamber is removable in the form of a cylinder, located horizontally inside the loading chamber and provided with a grill at one end from the side of the afterburner, the burner assembly is mounted on a cone the housing and is interfaced with the second end of the combustion chamber, the fan air outlet is directed tangentially into the housing in the region of the housing cone and into the loading chamber in the region of baleen from the burner assembly. 2. The Converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing, the cone of the housing and the afterburner are interconnected using flanges with the possibility of multiple assembly / disassembly. 3. The Converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the combustion chamber is removable in the form of a container for collecting biological waste, the dimensions of which provide the possibility of tight placement inside the loading chamber.

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