RU216855U1 - Marine Solid Waste Incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of auxiliary ship equipment, namely to devices specially designed for waste incineration on ships of various classes and purposes. In particular, the proposed technical device can be used as a ship incinerator for the destruction of municipal solid waste on any sea ship or ship with a crew. The incinerator includes a metal housing with a combustion chamber, a chimney connected to the atmosphere, a burner installed above the housing and communicating with the combustion chamber, equipped with temperature and pressure sensors. The combustion chamber is installed in the housing with a gap forming a cavity for air cooling of the combustion chamber, which is in communication with the chimney, at the outlet of which an electrically driven flue gas fan is installed. A flue gas temperature sensor, a spark arrester and an electrically controlled rotary butterfly valve are installed on the chimney, and an incinerator operation control unit is fixed on the body, which is electrically connected to an electrically controlled rotary valve, an electric drive of the flue gas fan, a flue gas temperature sensor, a temperature sensor in the combustion chamber, a sensor pressure in the combustion chamber and an electromagnetic door lock in the front wall of the combustion chamber. The utility model makes it possible to create compact, safe and reliable technical means for waste disposal with minimization of harmful emissions into the environment.

Description

This utility model relates to the field of auxiliary ship equipment, namely to devices specially designed for waste incineration on ships of various classes and purposes.

In particular, the proposed technical device can be used as a ship incinerator for the destruction of municipal solid waste on any sea ship or ship with a crew.

Ship incinerators are widely known and used on surface ships for thermal destruction (burning) of municipal solid waste. (Te, A.M. Operation of ship auxiliary mechanisms, systems and devices [Text]: textbook / A.M. Te. - Vladivostok: Mor. State University, 2014, pp. 161-168).

Known is an incinerator containing a combustion chamber made of heat-insulating material with a closable hatch for loading garbage, a chimney connected to the atmosphere, and one nozzle located in the upper part of the combustion chamber, while additionally in the lower part of the combustion chamber with a combustion chamber installed in it, one nozzle is placed and a vertical chimney for the exit of gaseous products of combustion from the lower part of the combustion chamber to its upper part (RF patent No. 2117871, IPC F23G 5/00, publication 1998).

A disadvantage of the known incinerator is the presence of at least two nozzles located both in the upper and lower parts of the combustion chamber, which complicates the design and increases the overall dimensions, which makes it difficult to use the incinerator in ship conditions.

An incinerator is known, comprising a housing, a closing hatch for loading, a decomposition chamber, a high-temperature heat source, a chimney connected to the atmosphere, while the decomposition chamber is made deaf in its upper part and is connected in the lower part with an afterburner for the exit of gaseous decomposition products so that the high-temperature zone is located at the boundary of the decomposition chamber and the afterburning chamber and covers the entire flow area of the gaseous decomposition products, while the high-temperature heat source is located in the afterburning chamber, and a gas duct is installed in the decomposition chamber to remove gaseous decomposition products from its upper part to the afterburning chamber (RF patent No. 2196935, IPC F23G 5/16, publication 2003).

An incinerator is known, including a vertically located combustion chamber made of heat-insulating material with closable hatches for loading garbage and unloading ash, a chimney connected to the atmosphere and a nozzle, in which the combustion chamber and the chimney are separated by a vertical partition with a window located at the bottom of the partition, and the nozzle is connected to heated air chamber and directed to the combustion chamber in the center of the window with the possibility of exiting the gaseous products of the combustion chamber counterflow to the nozzle torch towards the chimney (RF patent No. 150968, IPC F23G 5/00, publication 2015).

The disadvantage of the known incinerators is that they are made with two chambers (decomposition chamber and afterburning chamber), while the chambers are connected to each other by a gas duct, which increases the overall dimensions, and, consequently, the area occupied by the incinerator, which also does not allow the use of this incinerator in ship conditions.

The objective of this utility model is to create a design of a compact incinerator used for thermal destruction (burning) of municipal solid waste on surface ships.

The technical result is the creation of a compact and safe to operate on ships incinerator for solid waste.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is as follows.

Shipboard incinerator for solid waste includes a metal case with a vertically located combustion chamber fixed inside it, in the front wall of which there is a door for the possibility of loading solid waste and removing ash, a chimney connected to the atmosphere, a burner device installed above the body and communicated with the combustion chamber, equipped with temperature and pressure sensors, while the combustion chamber is installed in the housing with a gap forming a cavity for air cooling of the combustion chamber, which communicates with the air inlet pipe, made in the lower part of the housing, and with the outlet pipe, made in the upper part of the housing, and the outlet branch pipe is in communication with the hole formed in the upper panel of the combustion chamber and with the chimney, at the outlet of which an electrically driven flue gas fan is installed.

A flue gas temperature sensor, a spark arrester and an electrically controlled rotary butterfly valve are installed in series between the outlet pipe in the housing and the fan on the chimney, while the incinerator operation control unit is fixed on the housing, which is electrically connected to the electrically controlled rotary disk valve, the electric drive of the flue gas fan, the flue gas temperature sensor gases, a temperature sensor in the combustion chamber, a pressure sensor in the combustion chamber and an electromagnetic door lock in the front wall of the combustion chamber.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings, which show the design of the incinerator:

in fig. 1 - schematic representation of the incinerator;

in fig. 2 - general view of the incinerator, side view;

in fig. 3 - incinerator body, cross section;

in fig. 4 - incinerator body, bottom view.

The incinerator ship for solid waste includes a metal case 1 with a vertically located combustion chamber 2 fixed inside it, in the wall of which a door 3 is installed for the possibility of loading solid waste and removing ash, a chimney 4 connected to the atmosphere, a burner 5 installed above the body and communicated with combustion chamber 2, equipped with temperature sensors 6 and pressure 7.

The combustion chamber 2 is installed in the housing 1 with a gap forming a cavity 8 used for air cooling of the combustion chamber. The cavity 8 communicates with the inlet pipe 9 for supplying air, made in the lower part of the housing, and with the outlet pipe 10, made in the upper part of the housing.

The outlet pipe 10 communicates with the hole 11 formed in the upper panel of the combustion chamber 2, and with the chimney 4, at the outlet of which an electrically driven flue gas fan 12 is installed.

Between the outlet pipe 10 in the housing and the fan 12 on the chimney 4, a flue gas temperature sensor 13, a spark arrester 14 and an electrically controlled butterfly valve 15 are installed in series.

To control the operation of the incinerator, block 16 is used, fixed on the body 1. Block 16 is electrically connected to the disk valve 15, the fan motor 12, the flue gas temperature sensor 13, the temperature sensors 6 and pressure 7 in the combustion chamber, and the electromagnetic lock 17 used to block doors in the front wall of the combustion chamber.

Fan 12 is connected to the chimney through bellows expansion joints 18.

The burner device 5 contains a diesel fuel supply pipe 19.

The combustion chamber 2 is fixed inside the prefabricated metal shell 20, and is lined with refractory material, including refractory blocks 21 and heat-insulating plates 22, which are attached to the walls and floor of the shell.

The air inlet 9 in the lower part of the housing 1 is closed by a ventilation grill 23.

Shipboard incinerator for solid waste operates as follows.

The incinerator is installed on the deck and secured through the holes provided in the supporting surfaces of the hull 1. Solid waste is placed into the combustion chamber 2 through the door 3, for which the door must be manually opened, the waste is placed in the combustion chamber 2, and the door is manually closed. Next, power is supplied to the unit 16, which turns on the flue gas fan 12 and opens the shutter 15.

The incinerator operates at a vacuum in the combustion chamber 2 from minus 50 to minus 80 Pa, which is created by the flue gas fan 12 and regulated by the shutter 15.

Then, diesel fuel is supplied to the burner device 5 through the branch pipe 19, block 16 includes the burner device 5. The waste is ignited due to the heat released during combustion of the diesel fuel supplied to the burner device. Waste incineration takes place at temperatures ranging from 850°C to 1100°C. The temperature in the combustion chamber is controlled by temperature sensor 6. The flue gases leaving the combustion chamber 2, mixing with the air coming from the air cavity 8 of the incinerator, are cooled to a temperature of 400 ° C and then sent to the chimney 4.

After the end of waste combustion and after the combustion chamber has cooled down, the ash from the incinerator is manually unloaded through door 3.

The control unit 16 supplies power to the burner 5, the electric shutter 15, to the flue gas fan 12 electric drive. lock 17 on door 3 at high temperature (above 50-70°C) to ensure the safety of personnel.

The proposed technical solution allows to reduce the weight and size characteristics of the incinerator, which ensures the safe disposal of solid waste on ships with minimization of harmful emissions into the environment.

Claims (2)

1. Shipboard incinerator for solid waste, including a metal case with a vertically located combustion chamber fixed inside it, in the front wall of which there is a door for the possibility of loading solid waste and removing ash, a chimney connected to the atmosphere, a burner device installed above the body and communicated with a combustion chamber equipped with temperature and pressure sensors, characterized in that the combustion chamber is installed in a housing with a gap forming a cavity for air cooling of the combustion chamber, which communicates with the air inlet pipe, made in the lower part of the housing, and with the outlet pipe, made in the upper part of the body, and the outlet is in communication with the hole formed in the upper panel of the combustion chamber, and with the chimney, at the outlet of which an electric flue gas fan is installed. 2. The incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that between the outlet pipe in the housing and the fan on the chimney, a flue gas temperature sensor, a spark arrester and an electrically controlled rotary butterfly valve are installed in series, while the incinerator operation control unit is fixed on the housing, which is electrically connected to the electrically controlled butterfly valve, flue gas fan electric drive, flue gas temperature sensor, combustion chamber temperature sensor, combustion chamber pressure sensor and electromagnetic door lock in the front wall of the combustion chamber.

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