RU2280813C2 - Method and camera furnace for utilizing waste - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: combustion.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises burning solid waste by burning fuel with air supply and mixing solid waste. The solid waste are charged into the perforated drum, and mixed by rotating the drum. During combustion, air is charged in three portions. One portion flows through the opening for the burner into combustion chamber, thus cooling the burner. The other portion flows through the space defined by the reactor having the combustion chamber and outer casing, thus cooling the casing, and enters the combustion chamber through the openings in the walls of the reactor. Both of the air flows provide combustion liquid and solid waste. The third portion cools and ejects the outflowing gases.

EFFECT: enhanced reliability.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the disposal of liquid and solid wastes and can be used in transport, industrial enterprises and chemical, oil and oil refining industries, in the operation of ships and ships.

Known methods for the disposal of solid waste in chamber furnaces, US 5285737 A, F 23 B 5/00, 02/15/1994, by supplying from above a fuel that ignites the waste. The flue gases in this case suck in air through the holes in the chimney, cooling the flue gases. At the bottom of the furnace, a retractable hot chamber is mounted on roller bearings to remove ash ash. The above method of disposal of solid waste is the closest analogue to the claimed and is a prototype.

The disadvantages of this method are the need to burn fuel for the disposal of solid waste, the lack of efficient mixing in the process of burning solid waste, the presence of a special fuel supply system, the separate opening of a hot chamber to remove ash waste, ineffective cooling of the flue gases due to the self-suction of cooling air through the holes in the flue gas chimney and the possibility of exit through these openings of flue gases with increased resistance of the entire chimney, which is especially but it is important when the disposer is located indoors.

The aim of the present invention is to reduce the cost of waste disposal, improving the reliability and ease of maintenance of the installation.

The main technical results, due to which the implementation of the tasks is ensured, are:

- effective mixing of solid wastes when they are burned with heat from the disposal of liquid combustible wastes;

- openness of the internal parts of the installation when extending the door on the roller bearings;

- fuel preparation of liquid combustible waste and reliable extraction from the installation.

These goals are achieved in the proposed method of waste disposal in a chamber furnace.

The method of waste disposal is that the waste is loaded into a perforated drum when it is pulled out of the combustion chamber of the furnace, mixing of solid waste during combustion is carried out by periodic rotation of the drum. The fuel used is combustible and dispersed oily liquid wastes supplied pneumatically to the burner of the combustion chamber. These liquid wastes and the air atomizing them are preheated with the heat of the exhaust gases. During the combustion process, air is forced into the furnace, which is divided into three streams. The first stream passes through the burner, cools its upper part and enters the combustion chamber. The second air stream passes through the cavity formed by the reactor containing the combustion chamber and the outer casing, cools the casing, through the holes in the wall of the reactor enters the combustion chamber. The first and second streams provide combustion of liquid and solid waste in the combustion chamber. A third stream of air is pumped into the exhaust pipe, and it cools and ejects the flue gases.

A chamber furnace for implementing the method of waste disposal consists of a detachable reactor with thermal insulation and a frame, in the side walls of which are made in the horizontal plane of the hole for air supply to the combustion chamber of the reactor. Around the frame with a gap around the perimeter is a detachable casing with a sliding door made on roller bearings moving along the guides. The sliding door is made integral with the ash pan and racks, which are mounted rigidly on a shaft having an end slot, a detachable perforated drum. The drum is designed in such a way that with the door closed, the drum shaft coincides with the through hole passing through the reactor with thermal insulation and the frame and the casing. A Z - shaped handle is installed in this through hole, the end of which is profiled and enters the shaft end slot. In the upper part of the reactor are a burner for burning fuel and a gas exhaust pipe. The burner is connected by pipelines to an oil-containing liquid waste tank with a heat heater and dispersant and a tank with diesel fuel, as well as to a compressed air system connected to two tanks. The exhaust pipe is equipped with a coaxially located pipe for ejecting flue gas air. A baffle is installed inside the reactor, forming an afterburner with the internal walls of the reactor.

The drawing shows a General view of the chamber furnace and its pneumohydraulic circuit.

The chamber furnace consists of a reactor 1 made of two parts of reinforced refractory concrete surrounded by thermal insulation 2 and frame 3. The internal cavity of the reactor forms a combustion chamber. The frame 3 is also made of two parts connected by bolts, fixed to the base 5, to which the guide rail 4 is attached. Roller supports of the loading door 7, made in a monolith with a support 8, into which the shaft 9 with a slot 9 is cut, is supported on the rail 4. The slot is opposite the through hole passing through the reactor, the frame and the casing. A loading drum 6 is rigidly mounted on the shaft 9, which in the support 8 can rotate together with the shaft 9. The loading drum is located in the combustion chamber and connected to the forming side walls perforated by strips 10. Some of these strips are removable. A pan 55 is fixed under the drum 6 on the lower part of the base. In the upper part of the reactor 1 there are openings in which the burner 11 and the pipe 12 for removing flue gases are fixed. The reactor is surrounded by a casing 54, forming a cavity along the perimeter between the casing and the reactor. The casing 54 as well as the frame 3 is detachable, bolted. The split elements of the furnace make it possible to deliver it in a block form for the possibility of transportation through the ship’s doorways if it is necessary to install the furnace on operated vessels. Above the pipe 12, a gas exhaust pipe 19 is arranged coaxially with it, in which an ejector 17 with a blowing fan 16, thermocouples 15 and 18, heaters 20 and 21 are installed. A thermocouple 14 is installed in the cavity of the reactor 1 forming the combustion chamber. In the cavity formed by the reactor and the casing, a blower fan 30 is installed, which is also connected to the burner 11 by a channel with a damper. There are openings 48 in the vertical walls of the reactor connecting the cavity between the reactor and the casing with the combustion chamber. The chamber furnace is equipped with two fuel tanks: 49 - an oil waste tank, 53 - a diesel fuel tank. Tanks 49 and 53 are equipped with fuel level sensors 51 and 52, respectively, and the tank of oil waste 49 is additionally equipped with heat-heating elements 50 (heating elements). Fuel tanks are connected by pipelines to fittings with a burner 11 and other structural elements and form the pneumohydraulic system shown in the drawing. Pneumohydraulic system consists of several subsystems:

- refueling tank oil waste;

- tank refueling with diesel fuel;

- air supply to the tanks;

- fuel preparation;

- air pressure relief;

- supply of diesel fuel to the burner;

- supply of oil waste to the burner;

- supply of compressed air to the burner;

- purging the oil waste pipeline.

- The oil refueling tank refueling subsystem comprises a fitting 39, which is connected to the shipboard system for supplying the separated oil waste, an electromagnetic valve 38 and a pipeline connected to the oil waste tank.

- The diesel fuel tank refueling subsystem comprises a fitting 37 connected to the ship's diesel fuel supply system, an electromagnetic valve 36, and a pipe connected to the diesel fuel tank.

- The subsystem for supplying air to the tanks contains a fitting 41 connected to the ship's compressed air system, a pressure reducing valve 43, an electromagnetic valve 44, and a pipe connected to the fuel tanks 49 and 53. The fuel tanks 49 and 53 are connected by a pipe.

- The fuel preparation subsystem contains a pipeline, an electric pump unit 45, a pressure sensor 42, a dispersant 47 and a safety valve 46.

- Subsystem air pressure relief includes a pipeline, a solenoid valve 34 and a safety valve 35.

- The subsystem for supplying diesel fuel to the burner contains pipelines 32, a filter 28, solenoid valves 27, a pressure sensor 22.

- The subsystem for supplying oil waste to the burner contains pipelines 33, a filter 28, solenoid valves 26, 24, a heater 20, a pressure sensor 22.

- The subsystem for supplying compressed air to the burner includes pipelines 31, a filter 28, solenoid valves 23, a heater 21, a pressure sensor 22.

- The purge subsystem of the pipeline contains an electromagnetic valve 25 and pipelines connecting pipelines 31 with pipelines 33.

The chamber furnace is equipped with a control unit 13, associated with electrically controlled and electrically signaling elements of the installation: exhaust 16 and discharge 30 fans, electric pump unit 45, TEN 50, electromagnetic valves 23-27, 34, 36, 38, 40 and 44, thermocouples 14, 15, 18, high-voltage transformer 29, pressure sensors 22 (3 pcs.) And 42, level sensors 51 (6 pcs.).

The implementation of the method of waste disposal in chamber furnaces is carried out in the following sequence.

Disposal in the proposed chamber furnace can be carried out in the following combinations:

- Utilization of liquid oily and solid wastes;

- disposal of liquid oily waste;

- solid waste disposal.

Disposal of liquid oily and solid waste is carried out in the following sequence. Initially, preparatory work is carried out, which consists in flushing the furnace with air, filling the fuel tanks, carrying out fuel preparation, loading solid waste into the drum. Then comes the process of recycling oily liquid and solid waste directly. The end of the work is characterized by a completion cycle.

Preparatory work.

The blasting of the chamber furnace occurs when the exhaust fan 16 and the blower fan 30 are turned on. In this case, the cavities formed by the outer casing 54 and the reactor 1, the internal cavities of the reactor 1 — the combustion chamber and the exhaust pipe 19 — are purged. This operation is necessary due to the removal of fuel vapor before starting work .

Filling the fuel tanks before starting work is carried out in the following sequence. The solenoid valve 34 is opened, designed to relieve pressure from the fuel tanks, in this case, when filling the fuel tanks to release air. Air from the tanks is discharged into the cavity between the reactor 1 and the casing 54. The purge of the chamber furnace when filling the tanks with fuel continues. Then, the solenoid valves 36 and 38 open, while the diesel fuel and the pre-separated oil waste through the fittings 37 and 39 respectively enter the fuel tanks. The filling level of the tank 53 with diesel fuel is fixed by level sensors 52. The filling level of the tank 49 with oil waste is fixed by level sensors 51. When the upper level sensor 52 of diesel fuel is reached, the control unit 13 gives a signal to the electromagnetic valve 36 and it closes, stopping the supply of diesel fuel. Upon reaching the upper level sensor 51 of oil waste, the control unit 13 gives a signal to the solenoid valve 38 and it closes, stopping the flow of oil waste. At the end of filling the fuel tanks, the electromagnetic valve 34 is closed.

The fuel preparation is carried out in the following sequence. Heating elements 50 are switched on and oil waste is heated to the required temperature. When operating the furnace at a positive temperature, the heating elements may not be used. The electric power unit 45 is turned on and pumps the oily liquid waste through a disperser 47, which is made in the form of a venturi. Oil wastes at the outlet of the neck of the dispersant cavitate, decaying into small fractions and mixing, which leads to the formation of a homogeneous structure of oil wastes. Oil waste thus prepared, in which the water content can be up to 30%, is converted into fuel, that is, into a combustible liquid. A safety valve 46 is provided in the fuel preparation system, which allows fluid to flow when the dispersant becomes clogged. The pressure sensor 42 then sends a signal to the control unit 13, indicating that there is no dispersion and it is necessary to clean the dispersant. Fuel preparation can be carried out either during the preparatory period, or throughout the entire cycle of work, or after refueling of oil waste in the recycling mode. It should be noted that the waste oil going to the burner is taken from the local zone where the oil waste merges after dispersion. This ensures that a uniform combustible mixture is fed to the burner.

The loading of solid waste into the combustion chamber is carried out in the following sequence. The loading door 7 is pushed out, which, when extended on the roller supports along the guide rails 4, takes out the loading drum 6 and the ash pan 55 located below it from the combustion chamber of the reactor 1. The removable slats 10 are removed from the drum and solid waste is loaded into its internal cavity. After that, the removable straps are installed in place and fixed. The loading door then slides into its original position and the drum with solid waste enters the combustion chamber. Thus, the chamber furnace is ready for operation.

Recycling process.

A voltage is applied to the high-voltage transformer 29, which ensures the formation of a spark on the ignition electrodes. Solenoid valves 44 and 40 are opened, providing compressed air at the required pressure, by adjusting the pressure reducing valve 43, into the fuel tanks. Solenoid valves 23 are opened, supplying air to the burner 11, intended for fuel atomization, and solenoid valves 27. After opening the valves 27, diesel fuel rises through the pipe 32 under the influence of air pressure in the tanks, passes through the filter 28, valves 27, and enters the burner 11 and, leaving the burner nozzle, it is sprayed with air and ignited by a spark on the ignition electrodes. After ignition of diesel fuel, the high-voltage transformer 29 is turned off and the spark on the electrodes goes out. Next, the electromagnetic valves 24 and 26 are opened and the prepared oil waste from the tank 49, under the influence of air pressure in the tank, rises through the pipe 33, passes the filter 28, the valves 26 and 24, are heated by the flue gases in the heater 20, enter the burner 11, at the outlet of the burner nozzle sprayed by air and ignited by a torch of diesel fuel. As the temperature rises in the combustion chamber of the reactor, the waste oil and air supplied to the fuel spray in the heaters 20 and 21 are heated, respectively, which improves the fuel combustion process. After igniting the oil waste torch and raising the temperature in the combustion chamber to 600 ° С (MARPOL 73/78 requirements - the time for raising the temperature of 600 ° С in no more than 5 minutes), the supply of diesel fuel can be stopped and the waste and solid waste are recycled in the combustion chamber waste in the loading drum. The efficient burning of solid waste in the loading drum occurs as a result of the following structural and technological solutions. In the process of increasing the temperature in the combustion chamber, the temperature of the metal elements of the drum increases: laths 10, shaft 9, etc., which allows you to quickly dispose of waste in contact with these elements. When burning solid waste, the drum is rotated by a special handle, which through the holes in the casing 5 and reactor 1 is engaged through a groove with the shaft 9. When the handle and the shaft are rotated, the drum 6 rotates, the solid waste is effectively mixed and burned out. In addition, small fractions of solid waste, falling out through the strips 10, fall on a hot pan 55 and burn out, and large fractions with a reduced volume in the drum also burn out faster. The loading drum is made of steel 20X23H18, operating at a temperature of 1000-1050 ° C. When burning solid and oily liquid wastes, the blower fan 30 provides air that cools the outer casing 54, the burner 11 and its elements, and facilitates the combustion of fuel flames and combustion in the combustion chamber passing through openings 48. The exhaust fan 16 and the ejector 17 provide a vacuum in the combustion chamber of the reactor and thereby the extraction of flue gases, eliminating the passage of smoke through the slots (leaks) of the incinerator. In addition, the exhaust fan reduces the temperature of the exhaust gases, which makes it possible to produce a chimney pipe from ordinary steel and brings a number of other positive effects, including increasing the life of the exhaust fan, the role of which is played by the exhaust fan. Pressure sensors 22 during the disposal process monitor the pressure of the fuel and air to spray before the burner and give a signal to the control unit 13 if their parameters are violated. Thus, solid and liquid oil waste is disposed of. At the end of the disposal process, the solenoid valves 23, 24, 26 are closed, stopping the flow of oil waste and air spraying fuel into the burner 11. The solenoid valve 44 is shut off, stopping the supply of air to the fuel tanks 49, 53. The solenoid valve 34 opens, relieving air pressure from fuel tanks. Piping with oil waste is being carried out. The purge is carried out in the burner and in the tank. When blowing into the burner, the solenoid valves 24 and 25 open. When blowing into the tank, the solenoid valve 24 closes and the solenoid valve 26 opens. After purging the oil waste pipelines, all the solenoid valves are closed.

The final cycle.

The final cycle is carried out with a cooled reactor. For quick cooling, fans 16 and 30 are in operation. The loading door 7 is pulled out, the loading drum 6 and the ash pan 55 are cleaned. Solid waste combustion products (slag and ash) are collected in a special container. The loading door is brought to its original working position. The electric fans 16 and 30 are turned off. The chamber furnace power is turned off. Disposal of liquid oily waste is carried out in the same sequence and when performing the same operations as in the above mode, with the exception of work and operations associated with loading solid waste and cleaning the drum, which are not carried out.

Solid waste is disposed of using heat generated during the combustion of diesel fuel. Therefore, the sequence of operations and the execution of operations are repeated, as with the disposal of liquid oil-containing and solid wastes, with the exception of operations and operations related to fuel preparation, disposal of oil waste and purging of the oil waste pipeline.

The described method of waste disposal and a chamber furnace for its implementation are embodied in the “Shipboard Waste Incinerator” (USCO), developed, manufactured and tested by FSUE Central Research Institute of Shipbuilding Technology by order of the Navy.

The novelty and the positive effect of the proposed method of waste disposal is the versatility of the method that allows you to dispose of oily liquid and (or) solid waste in the efficient disposal of solid waste due to the heat arising from the disposal of liquid oil waste and intensive mixing at a low temperature of the flue gases.

Claims (3)

1. A method of utilizing waste in a chamber furnace, including burning solid waste due to the heat of burning fuel while supplying combustion air with periodic mixing of solid waste, characterized in that the solid waste is loaded into a perforated drum when it is pulled out of the combustion chamber of the furnace, mixing solid waste when burning is carried out by periodic rotation of the indicated drum, combustible and dispersed oil-containing liquid wastes are used as fuel, which are supplied pneumatically to the Kama burner combustion rods, moreover, these liquid wastes and the air spraying them are preheated with the heat of the exhaust gases, during combustion, air is forced into the furnace and divided into three streams, one of which passes through the burner opening into the combustion chamber, cooling the burner, the other passes through the cavity formed by the reactor containing the combustion chamber and the outer casing, cools the casing, through the holes in the wall of the reactor enters the combustion chamber, both of these flows provide combustion of liquid and solid waste, tr Tille off and ejects the exhaust gases. 2. A chamber furnace for implementing the method of waste disposal according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a detachable reactor with thermal insulation and a frame, in the side wall of which there are openings in the horizontal plane for supplying air to the combustion chamber of the reactor, and a detachable casing located in relation to the frame with a gap around the perimeter, with a sliding door made on roller bearings moving along the rails, and the door is made integral with the ash pan and racks, which are mounted rigidly and a shaft having an end slot, a detachable perforated drum, made in such a way that when the door is closed, the drum shaft coincides with the through hole passing through the reactor with thermal insulation and the frame and the casing, in the upper part of the reactor there is a burner for burning fuel and a gas exhaust pipe, and the burner is connected by pipelines to tanks, one of which contains oil-containing liquid waste and contains a heat heater and dispersant, the other with diesel fuel and a compressed air system associated with these tanks E, a vent pipe is provided with coaxially arranged nozzle for ejecting air, flue gas, is installed inside the reactor partition forming with the inner walls of the reactor afterburner. 3. The chamber furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that in the through hole passing through the reactor with thermal insulation and the frame and the casing, a Ζ-shaped handle is installed, the end of which is profiled and enters the shaft end slot.