RU2115689C1 - Device for producing charcoal - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: charcoal production technology. SUBSTANCE: this relates to producing charcoal from waste by pyrolysis procedure and it can be used in timber industry enterprises and woodworking plants. Device has kiln with furnace, air ducts, smoke flues, and heatable chambers with openings. Installed in aforesaid openings are removable retorts. Lower part of retort is made in the form of fire grate which is open towards heatable chamber. Heatable chamber has at least three openings for installation of retorts. Air ducts and smoke flues are provided with gates. Furnace of kiln is installed beyond heatable chamber and is connected with it by gas ducts. Walls of adjacent heatable chambers create walls of furnace. Made in wall between heatable chamber and furnace are main gas duct in upper part of furnace and auxiliary gas duct in lower part of furnace for igniting combustible vapor-gases in chamber. Aforesaid process is ecologically clean, saves fuel, and cuts prime cost of product. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of producing coal from wood and its waste by the pyrolysis method and can be used in timber industry enterprises, forestries and wood processing enterprises.

 Known devices designed to produce charcoal. For example, car retorts, consisting of a heated chamber, heating devices (furnaces, burners, heat pipes), as well as condensers and equipment for supplying air and flue gas.

 The heated chamber is heated to a temperature that ensures the onset of pyrolysis by gases generated during the combustion of fuel (wood, oil products, combustible gas) in a heating device, the amount of coolant and its temperature being regulated by changing the flow rate of air entering the combustion zone. The condensation system is designed to trap liquid products from the vapor-gas mixture formed during the pyrolysis. Non-condensable gases are removed from the heated chamber through the flue gas exhaust system and, after separation of the liquid products, is fed to the furnace. After the end of the pyrolysis process, the trolleys with the obtained coal are removed from the heated chamber, the coal is cooled and unloaded from them. Then the trolleys are loaded with a new portion of raw materials and the cycle is repeated.

 The described devices are complex and large; during their construction, significant land plots and large capital investments are required. The process of producing coal on these devices is not environmentally friendly.

 Other devices for producing charcoal are also known. These are horizontal and vertical retractable retorts. Horizontal withdrawal retorts are metal containers equipped with an airtight lid and nozzles for the removal of the gas mixture placed horizontally in a heated chamber of the heating device (furnace). The camera is equipped with a flue gas exhaust device. Non-condensable pyrolysis gases after the condensation system, as a coolant, are returned to the furnace furnace.

 A known device for producing charcoal (prototype) includes a furnace with a furnace, ducts, chimneys and heated chambers with openings in which removable retorts are vertically mounted.

 The retorts are loaded with wood and installed vertically in the heated chamber of the furnace so that the top cover of the retort is outside the heated chamber, and the side generatrix of the retort body overlaps the bore of the furnace chamber. The retort cap nozzle is connected to the vapor-gas mixture condenser. The heated chamber is directly adjacent to the furnace of the furnace, due to which the flue gases pass through the annular gap between the walls of the chamber and the retort, heating it, and then through the chimneys go into the chimney. The described device allows you to get in addition to charcoal liquid condensate, which is sent for further processing. During the operation of the described retorts, gas emissions that pollute the environment are possible. For the use of liquid products and the disposal of emerging industrial waste, additional equipment is required. These reasons make these devices cumbersome and energy intensive, requiring large capital expenditures. In addition, currently liquid pyrolysis products obtained in the production of charcoal are not in demand. Therefore, it is more efficient to burn them, reducing the flow of coolant for the process.

The aim of the invention is to ensure the environmental cleanliness of the process, fuel economy and lower production costs. This goal can be achieved if the device for producing charcoal meets the following conditions:
The installation should work directly near the source of raw materials i.e. in a timber industry enterprise, a logging station or at a woodworking enterprise.

 At these enterprises it is not economically feasible to capture and process liquid pyrolysis products. Therefore, they should be burned using heat to conduct the process.

 The installation should not need additional fuel sources after reaching the specified technological mode, in water and steam.

 This goal is achieved in that the lower part of the retort is made in the form of a grate, open to a heated chamber; moreover, the latter has at least three holes for installing retorts, and the ducts and flues are equipped with gates for organizing the movement of coolant flows in the chamber; The furnace furnace is installed outside the heated chamber and connected to it by gas ducts, the main one in the upper part of the furnace and the auxiliary one in the lower part of the furnace for ignition in the steam and gas chamber: while the walls of adjacent heating chambers form the walls of the furnace.

 In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a device for producing charcoal with one heated chamber; in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. one; in FIG. 3 - device with two heated cameras.

 The device consists of vertical removable retorts, a furnace with a furnace, heated by a chamber and holes for installing retorts, chimneys and a chimney; in the furnace there is a hatch with a door 1 for loading and igniting fuel; ashpit 2 for removing ash and air supply at the initial stage of operation of the device. In the wall between the furnace and the heated chamber, the main flue 3 of the furnace above and the auxiliary flue 4 below are made. In the heated chamber there are openings 5 for installing retorts, ducts 6-8 for dosed air supply and ducts 9-11 for removing flue gases. Air ducts 6-8 and gas ducts 9-11 are equipped with gates to organize the movement of coolant flows in the chamber. The flues 9-11 through the duct 12 are connected to the chimney 13. The retort 14 is equipped with a seat sealing ring 15 on the upper blind cover and a hinged bottom 16 with grates 17.

 The device operates as follows.

Through the hatch with door 1, the furnace is loaded with fuel and fired up when the ash pan door is open 2. The retort 14 is loaded with wood raw material in an inverted position, with the bottom 16 open. After filling the retort 14, it is closed with bottom 16, turned over and installed vertically with a 15 o-ring. hole 5 of the heated chamber. The flue gases entering through the flue 3, heat the retort 14 to 400-650 ^o C, and therein occurs the pyrolysis of wood. The technological process of obtaining charcoal under consideration has three stages: 1st — heating the retort and drying the wood raw materials; 2nd — pyrolysis of raw materials; and 3rd — calcination of charcoal with the release of heat and combustible gas and vapor. The latter go out through the grates 17 into the furnace chamber and burn in the air entering the chamber through ducts 6, 7 or 8. The ignition of combustible gas and vapor in the initial stage of the process occurs with the help of hot flue gas leaving the furnace through an auxiliary gas duct 4. The heat produced by Combustion of the gas-vapor mixture, together with the heat from the exothermic decomposition reactions of the wood, maintains the temperature regime in the furnace, which is necessary for the pyrolysis of wood and calcination of coal. Toxic substances formed during the pyrolysis decompose during combustion of a gas-vapor mixture. Flue gases through the ducts 9-12 and the pipe 13 are removed into the atmosphere.

 The retort with calcined coal is removed from the furnace chamber and a retort filled with raw materials is installed in its place. The presence in the furnace chamber of at least three retorts at the same time allows such a retort rotation in which at least one of them is in the second stage of the process. This ensures the continuity of the process after the extraction of the retort with coal and the installation of a retort with fresh raw materials in its place. The placement of air ducts 6-8 and gas ducts 9-12 according to the circuit of FIG. 1, 2 and the presence of gates allows you to organize the movement of the coolant from the retort, currently at the 2nd stage of the process, to the retorts located at the 1st and 3rd stages of the process. Installation of the furnace furnace outside the heated chamber allows eliminating local overheating of the retort under the influence of an open flame of burning fuel and supplying flue gas diluted with air to the required temperature into the chamber.

 According to FIG. 3, two adjacent heated chambers 18 and 19 with their walls 20 and 21 form the side walls of the furnace, which allows to reduce the perimeter of the outer walls of the furnace, heat loss through them and the consumption of building materials.

The proposed device has significant advantages compared to previously known:
simplicity and small dimensions;
the possibility of their construction directly from sources of wood raw materials in the form of waste from the main production;
maintenance of installations is carried out by unskilled personnel;
lack of water demand and environmental cleanliness of production.

 These advantages ensure the effective operation of the device with minimal investment and operating costs. Depending on the volume of timber harvested at the timber industry enterprise or logging station, the installation can be of various capacities.

Claims (4)

 1. A device for producing charcoal, including a furnace with a furnace, ducts, chimneys and heated chambers with holes in which removable retorts are installed vertically, characterized in that the lower part of the retort is made in the form of a grate open to the heated chamber.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heated chamber has at least three holes for installing retorts, and the ducts and flues are equipped with gates.  3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the furnace of the furnace is installed outside the heated chamber and connected to it by flues, and the walls of adjacent heated chambers form the walls of the furnace.  4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the wall between the heated chamber and the furnace there is a main gas duct in the upper part of the furnace and an auxiliary gas duct in the lower part of the furnace for ignition in the chamber of combustible combined-cycle gases.

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