RU2117871C1 - Incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: refuse incineration facilities. SUBSTANCE: this relates to utilization of waste and can be used for elimination by thermal treatment of refuse, solid combustible domestic and industrial production waste. To enhance efficiency of incineration and prevent fouling of environmental medium, design of incinerator has following basic components: hearth chamber made of thermal-insulating material with hatch for charging refuse and with smoke flue in upper part of hearth chamber which is connected to atmosphere. Located inside hearth chamber is incineration chamber with closing hatch for discharge of ash. Arranged above incineration chamber is one or several injectors. Located below hearth chamber at base of incineration chamber is one or several injectors and smoke flue ensuring outflow of gaseous combustion products from lower part of hearth chamber to upper part of hearth chamber. Smoke flue is formed by tubular compartment in incineration chamber or by tubular compartment between incineration chamber and hearth chamber. Injector is cooled by air from inside. Smoke flue is located so that it creates chamber for final burning of gaseous combustion products. Air blower is provided for cooling of incinerator. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of waste disposal and can be used for the destruction by heat treatment of garbage, solid combustible household and industrial waste.

 Heat treatment satisfies both sanitary and epidemiological and environmental requirements.

 A large number of designs of furnaces for burning garbage and waste are known. In incinerator furnaces of known design, as a rule, there is a lined combustion chamber for burning waste, in which the waste is located directly in the chamber (EPO application N 0405375, F 23 G 5/00; 0509774, F 23 G 9/00, US Pat. N 5099771) or on special grilles (PCT application N 92/20965, F 23 G 1/00; French application N 2665749, F 23 G 5/26).

 The chamber, and with it the debris, are heated using an electric heater (Japanese application N 1-169227, F 23 G 5/00) or under the influence of a fuel nozzle (AS USSR N 1135969, F 23 G 5/00, 1605092 , F 23 G 7/06; PCT application N 89/077036, F 23 G 5/14).

 In known designs, the burning of garbage and waste is carried out either by supplying the air necessary for combustion (US Pat. No. 5054405, F 23 G 5/00; PCT application N 90/04741; F 23 G 5/00), or without air access - pyrolysis (application EP N 0486728, F 23 G 5/027; A.S. USSR N 1548601, F 23 G 5/027; U.S. Pat. No. 5,040,972, F 23 G 5/12).

 Thus, in incinerator furnaces of known design, garbage is burned either in bulk in the combustion chamber or on the grate of the combustion chamber. In the first case, the mass and dimensions of the installation increase significantly. In the second, the installation is compact, but there is a significant removal of unburnt debris from the combustion chamber, which pollutes the environment and requires the installation of an additional afterburner.

 As a prototype of the invention, the design of the incinerator according to US Pat. U.S. N 5020453, F 23 G 5/04.

 The incinerator has a vertically located lined combustion chamber, in the upper part of which there is a nozzle, an outlet for removing exhaust gases, and in the bottom there is an opening for removing ash. A trash feeder is connected to the top of the camera. The camera is divided into several rows of horizontally arranged gratings. In the process, waste moves from higher to lower lattices. The ash is periodically discharged through the bottom opening.

The disadvantages of the device selected for the prototype are:
low efficiency of garbage burning due to incomplete combustion of garbage particles and their significant removal from the combustion chamber, as well as low burning speed;
environmental pollution as a result of the low efficiency of the combustion process in this design.

 The problem to which the invention is directed, is to increase the efficiency of the incinerator and to prevent environmental pollution - to improve the environment.

 The essence of the claimed invention lies in the fact that in an incinerator containing a combustion chamber of heat-insulating material with a hatch in the upper part for loading debris, a chimney (hole) for the exit of gaseous products of combustion connected to the atmosphere and at least one nozzle located above at least one nozzle and a vertical chimney for the exit of gaseous products of combustion from the lower Asti combustion chamber in its upper part. In this case, the chimney in the upper part of the combustion chamber is placed in such a way that the nozzle torch mounted above the combustion chamber covers the entire area of the flow cross section of the gaseous product stream from the lower and upper parts of the combustion chamber.

 According to paragraph 2 of the claims, the nozzle located in the lower part of the combustion chamber is installed at an angle of 3-5 degrees. to the horizon.

 According to paragraphs 3, 4 of the claims, a chimney providing the exit of gaseous products of combustion from the lower part of the combustion chamber to the upper part can be formed by a pipe wall in the combustion chamber or a wall between the wall of the combustion chamber and the combustion chamber.

 It is advisable to place the lower nozzle at the base of the combustion chamber and to place a lockable hatch in the lower part of the combustion chamber for unloading ash.

 An additional installation in the design of the incinerator at the bottom of the combustion chamber of at least one nozzle increases the efficiency of the incinerator, especially of large dimensions, due to the rapid ignition of debris in the lower part of the combustion chamber and uniform heating of the combustion chamber along the entire length. This leads to accelerated decomposition (pyrolysis) of garbage and its high-quality burning.

 A vertically located chimney in the lower part of the combustion chamber prevents environmental pollution. During the operation of the incinerator, the gaseous products of combustion are not emitted into the atmosphere, but rise up a vertical chimney formed by a pipe wall in the combustion chamber or a wall between the combustion chamber and the combustion chamber and fall into the nozzle torch located above the combustion chamber where they are burned. In addition, the heat from the lower nozzle, rising through the chimney, provides heating and drying of garbage placed in the combustion chamber, which contributes to the intensification of the process. The chimney located in the upper part of the combustion chamber serves as the afterburner, where the gaseous products formed during the combustion of waste are completely burnt, thereby preventing environmental pollution. The nozzle located in the lower part of the combustion chamber, in conjunction with a vertically formed chimney, performs two functions: combustion and heating.

 If for technical reasons this requirement cannot be provided with two nozzles located in the lower and upper parts of the combustion chamber, additional nozzles are installed.

 The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows the design of the incinerator (figure 1).

 The incinerator contains a combustion chamber 1 of heat-insulating material with a hatch 2 for loading debris and a chimney 3 (made of heat-resistant steel) in its upper part in communication with the atmosphere. Inside the combustion chamber 1 there is a combustion chamber 4 with a closed hatch 5 for unloading ash. A nozzle 6 is installed above the combustion chamber 4 (or several nozzles — not shown in FIG.). At the bottom of the combustion chamber 1, at the base of the combustion chamber 4, is a nozzle 7 (or several nozzles — not shown in FIG.) And a chimney 8, which ensures the release of gaseous products from the lower part of the combustion chamber to its upper part. The chimney 8 is formed by a pipe wall in the combustion chamber or a wall between the combustion chamber and the combustion chamber (the latter is not shown in FIG.). The nozzle 7 is internally cooled by air. The chimney 3 is located in such a way that it forms the afterburner 9 of the gaseous products of combustion. A fan 10 is installed to cool the incinerator.

 The incinerator operates in the combustion mode as follows.

 Open the door of the loading door 2 in the upper part of the combustion chamber 1 and through the loading door 2 into the combustion chamber 4 load the garbage. Close the door of the loading door 2. The door 5 at the bottom of the combustion chamber 4 is closed. The nozzles 6 and 7 are turned on. The garbage in the lower part of the combustion chamber 4 is ignited. Under the influence of the flame of the nozzles 6 and 7, the combustion chamber is heated. Debris in the combustion chamber decomposes under the influence of high temperatures along the entire length of the chamber. Gaseous products formed during pyrolysis from the combustion chamber fall into the torch of the nozzle 6, where they are burned. In the afterburning chamber 9 of the chimney 3 is their complete afterburning. After complete burning of the garbage, nozzles 6 and 7 are turned off, the loading hatch 5 is opened, ash is removed. The incinerator is reloaded, etc.

 The proposed design allows to increase the efficiency of combustion by increasing the combustion rate by more than two times, ensuring the complete combustion of garbage, and to eliminate environmental pollution.

 The design is simple to manufacture and allows you to quickly master the production of domestic incinerators of improved design.

Claims (5)

 1. An incinerator containing a combustion chamber of a heat-insulating material with a lockable hatch for loading debris, a chimney connected to the atmosphere, and at least one nozzle located in the upper part of the combustion chamber, characterized in that it is additionally in the lower part of the combustion chamber with the combustion chamber contains at least one nozzle and a vertical chimney for the exit of gaseous products of combustion from the lower part of the combustion chamber to its upper part, while the chimney in the upper part of the combustion chamber is positioned so that the torch nozzle mounted above the combustion chamber, it covers the entire flow cross section area of the flow of combustion gas. 2. The incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle located in the lower part of the combustion chamber is installed at an angle of 3 - 5 ^o to the horizon.  3. The incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the chimney, providing the exit of gaseous products of combustion from the lower part of the combustion chamber, is formed by a pipe wall in the combustion chamber.  4. The incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the chimney, providing the exit of gaseous products of combustion from the lower part of the combustion chamber, is formed by a pipe wall between the walls of the combustion chamber and the combustion chamber.  5. An incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a lockable hatch for unloading ash is placed in the lower part of the combustion chamber.