JP3091181B2 - Incinerator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an incinerator and, more particularly, to a technique for incinerating wet combustibles.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, raw wood scrap, raw bark, sawdust,
In order to stably burn woody incineration materials, such as wet paper scraps, which have a large amount of water in an incinerator, auxiliary combustion is always required. Wet combustibles with a moisture content of 40% or more on a wet basis have a low calorific value of 2000.
This is because it is less than kca1 / kg, and self-combustion becomes extremely difficult.

[0003]

Assuming that the above-mentioned wet combustibles are forcibly burned without auxiliary combustion using a conventional incinerator, the combustion temperature is low, the combustion is white, and the white smoke is also unburned.
It is expected that CO will be generated, and pollution from harmful gases such as dioxin is inevitable. Therefore, at present,
Incineration costs are incurred because constant combustion is required.

An object of the present invention is to provide an incinerator capable of continuously burning a large amount of wet combustibles in a state where generation of harmful gases such as white smoke is suppressed, thereby reducing incineration costs. It is to lower.

[0005]

For this purpose, the following incinerator has been created. A first invention is an incinerator having a configuration as described in claim 1. The gas referred to here includes combustible gas, combustion air, combustion gas, charcoal of combustible waste, steam, and the like, which are formed by thermally decomposing combustible waste. Further, the exhaust device usually includes a dust collecting device, but in some cases, may be only an exhaust pipe (flue).

[0006] When incinerated is incinerated, first, the incinerated material is introduced from the incinerated material introduction port and deposited on the rostr. Next, the lower part of the incineration is heated by an ignition burner, and combustion air is injected into the furnace body by an air injection device. Combustion gas when a part of the incinerated material is burned near the rostre is guided to the exhaust system from the lower part of the furnace body, that is, the lower side of the rostre, through the first path, and is processed. In addition, a part of the gas (combustible gas, etc.) generated by heating or self-burning the incinerated material comes into contact with the unburned portion of the incinerated material, heats it, and then rises while heating the incinerated material. Complete combustion is achieved by the action of the secondary combustion means while being guided from the upper part of the main body to the exhaust device. Therefore, generation of harmful gas such as white smoke is suppressed.

[0007] The second invention has a configuration as described in claim 2. In this incinerator, the incineration material deposited on the roaster is heated from below by an ignition burner and burns by injecting combustion air into the furnace body. Then, the combustion gas when a part of the incinerated matter is burned in the vicinity of the roaster is guided to the exhaust device from the lower part of the furnace main body, that is, the lower side of the roaster, through the secondary chamber through the first path. On the other hand, a part of the gas (combustible gas, etc.) generated by heating or self-burning the incinerated material rises in the furnace body while heating the incinerated material, and then is removed from the upper part of the furnace body by the second path. It is led to the next chamber, where it can be almost completely burned mixed with the combustion gas and the combustion air. Therefore, generation of harmful gas such as white smoke is suppressed. If necessary, combustion air may be injected into the secondary chamber to promote complete combustion.

[0008] The incinerators according to the first and second aspects of the invention are suitable for incinerating wet combustible waste (waste). That is, after the lower surface of the wet combustible is ignited by the auxiliary combustion at the time of starting, the upper part of the combustion part is effectively heated by the action of increasing the combustion heat, and the moisture of the wet combustible is removed by the combustion heat. Therefore, stable combustion (so-called reverse combustion, in which combustion gas is guided from the lower side of the roaster to the exhaust device) can be continued. That is, it can be said that this incinerator is an energy-saving incinerator that can incinerate wet combustibles almost self-burning while suppressing generation of harmful gases such as white smoke.

In this case, in the incinerator according to the first and second aspects of the present invention, the amount of gas flowing from the upper part of the furnace body or the lower part of the roaster toward the exhaust system is appropriately adjusted by flow rate adjusting means such as a damper. Can be adjusted to the upper combustion chamber and the lower combustion chamber in the furnace body.
By individually adjusting the amount of combustion air supplied by the valve, the degree of combustion of combustible rejects and the progress of drying of combustible rejects above the combustion site can be appropriately balanced, Incineration can proceed efficiently with only self-burning.

Further , in the incinerator according to the second aspect of the present invention, it is possible to achieve almost complete combustion with the secondary combustion burner provided in the secondary chamber. That is, when the temperature of the secondary chamber is low, for example, at the beginning of combustion or at the end of combustion,
The burner for secondary combustion is automatically ignited to incinerate unburned components and thermally decompose harmful gases, thereby preventing smoke and other pollution.

[0011]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a sectional front view showing the incinerator. The incinerator 1 shown in FIG. 1 is roughly divided into a furnace main body 2, a charging conveyor 3, an air injection device 4, a secondary chamber 5,
And an exhaust device 6.

The furnace main body 2 is formed in a vertical cylindrical shape or a square shape having an inner wall of a refractory brickwork structure.
An incineration material inlet 2a is provided at the upper end, and a wettable combustible (described in detail later) is charged into the furnace from the incinerator material inlet 2a by an input conveyor 3 installed on the side of the furnace body 2. It has become. A fireproof lid 2b is attached to the incineration material inlet 2a.

The lower part of the furnace main body 2 is a combustion chamber provided with a heat-resistant cast or water-cooled rostre 2c for receiving the incinerated material. The combustion chamber is divided into upper and lower parts.
The upper combustion chamber 2d is above the fixed type rooster 2c, and the lower combustion chamber 2e is below. This rostral 2c is a so-called reverse combustion rostral.

Further, a large number of nozzles 2f are provided on the side wall of the furnace main body 2. In the present example, the nozzle 2f disposed above the rostr 2c is connected to the combustion fan 4c via the upper chamber (also referred to as a duct) 4a and the first valve 4b, and the nozzle 2f disposed below the rostr 2c. Is connected to a combustion fan 4c via a lower chamber (also referred to as a duct) 4d and a second valve 4e.
By controlling the degree of opening of the valves 4b and 4e by a control device (not shown), an appropriate amount of combustion air is supplied to the upper and lower combustion chambers 2d and 2e, respectively. The air injection device 4 is configured as described above.

The lower combustion chamber 2e is provided with a primary burner (also called an ignition burner) 2h such as an oil burner for heating and igniting the lower surface of the incineration material deposited on the roast 2c, and the lower combustion chamber 2e and the secondary chamber. A motor-operated primary damper 7a for appropriately adjusting the flow rate of the combustion gas is attached to the flue 7 connecting the fuel cells 5 to the fuel cell. The secondary chamber 5 and the flue 7 are made of a refractory such as a brick. The flue 7 is the first path in the present invention, and the primary damper 7a is the flow rate adjusting means in the present invention.

The secondary chamber 5 is connected to the upper part of the furnace main body 2 through a gas passage 8, and the flow rate of combustible gas or the like flowing into the secondary chamber 5 from the upper part of the furnace main body 2. Can be adjusted by an electric drying adjustment damper 8a. Further, the secondary chamber 5 is provided with a secondary burner 5a, and the outlet side is connected to an exhaust device 6 described below.
In the figure, 2i is an ash door, and 7b is an inspection port. The above-mentioned gas passage 8 is a second path according to the present invention, and the drying adjustment damper 8a is a flow rate adjusting means according to the present invention. The secondary chamber 5 constituting the secondary combustion means may be provided with a secondary combustion air injection nozzle in addition to the secondary burner 5a.

The exhaust device 6 is, as shown, a high-performance dust collector having a heat-resistant cyclone 6a, a heat-resistant cylinder 6b, an ejector 6c, an induction fan 6d, an exhaust cylinder 6e with a gas measurement port, an ash extraction door 6f, and the like. is there. A temperature sensor or the like attached to the gas measurement port of the exhaust pipe 6e is connected to the above-described control device (not shown). Although not shown, the exhaust device 6 is preferably provided with a denitration / desalting additive introduction device.

Next, the operation of the incinerator having the above configuration will be described. First, a large amount of wet combustible waste W is charged into the furnace body 2 from the incinerated waste inlet 2a for several hours by the charging conveyor 3, and the refractory lid 2b is closed. In this case, up to about 80% of the volume of the furnace main body 2 can be charged, and thereafter, replenishment charging is performed for the burned amount. The replenishment may be continuous, but in this example, the replenishment is performed in a batch manner. In addition, the wet combustible waste W mentioned here is:
Combustible waste containing water at a weight ratio of 50 to 60%, specifically, raw wood scrap, raw wood bark, sawdust, wet paper waste, papermaking sludge, disposable diapers and the like.

Then, the primary burner 2h of the lower combustion chamber 2e is ignited with the primary damper 7a of the flue 7 substantially closed and the drying adjustment damper 8a of the gas passage 8 opened. At the same time, the exhaust device 6 is started. The heat of the flame of the primary burner 2h causes the wet combustible waste W on the roaster 2c to be partially dried and ignited. The temperature of the secondary chamber 5 and the temperature and components of the exhaust gas from the exhaust device 6 are monitored by a control device via sensors provided at appropriate positions. Is low, the secondary burner 5a automatically ignites and maintains high-temperature combustion. 800 ° C for decomposition of dioxin
As described above, it is said that a heat treatment of 2 seconds or more is necessary. Therefore, it is preferable to control the on / off of the secondary burner 5a so as to clear this criterion.

When the combustion (partial combustion) of the lower portion of the wet combustible waste W in the upper combustion chamber 2d starts, the primary damper 7a is sufficiently opened and the drying adjustment damper 8a is appropriately closed. Then, by the operation of the air injection device 4, an appropriate amount of combustion air is injected from the nozzle 2f into the furnace main body 2 to promote combustion (self-combustion) in the lower combustion chamber 2e, and the primary burner 2h is stopped. The combustion gas and combustible gas that rises in the furnace in accordance with the opening degree of the drying adjustment damper 8a deprive the wet combustible waste W of moisture on the way and dry it. By opening and closing the first valve 4b according to the combustion temperature of the lower combustion chamber 2e, the wet combustible waste W
Gasification can be adjusted. Therefore, continuation of combustion (self-combustion) is easy.

In this manner, the wet combustible reject W on the roast 2c continues to burn, and if the combustion proceeds, the finely carbonized material falls below the rost and is supplied from the nozzle 2f into the lower combustion chamber 2e. The violent air creates a violent combustion state. In addition, the flue 7 and the secondary chamber 5 also function as a heat storage chamber, and the shapes and the shapes of the flue 7 and the secondary chamber 5 are set so as to easily maintain a combustion state of 800 ° C. or more and 2 seconds or more as a whole. The volume has been set. Then, the combustible gas, water vapor, etc., which has risen to the upper part of the furnace main body 2, is led to the secondary chamber 5 through the gas passage 8, where it is mixed with the high-temperature combustion gas and the combustion air to perform secondary combustion, deodorization and complete deodorization. Combustion is achieved. As described above, the secondary burner 5a is ignited as necessary, and the combustion air can be injected into the secondary chamber 5.

The combustion gas (exhaust gas) emitted from the secondary chamber 5 is
The air is sucked toward the heat-resistant cyclone 6a by the action of the attraction fan 6d of the exhaust device 6, and after being collected here, is discharged from the exhaust pipe 6e to the atmosphere. Since a known cyclone for dust collection is used, a detailed description of its structure and operation will be omitted. The ash door 2i,
The ash is scraped out appropriately from 6f.

The incinerator 1 of the present embodiment has the first and second valves 4b and 4e and the primary damper 7 so that the high-temperature combustion in the secondary chamber 5 is maintained in the procedure described above.
a, the drying adjustment damper 8a, the secondary burner 5a, and the like are automatically controlled, and the degree of combustion of the wet combustible waste W and the degree of progress of drying above the combustion site are appropriately balanced, and only the self-combustion is performed. The incineration can be advanced efficiently. In other words, when the wet combustible waste W is ignited by the combustion of the oil burner for a very short time to start combustion, it is easy to continue the combustion (self-combustion) thereafter, and furthermore, to burn in large quantities and continuously. Can be. At this time, complete combustion can be achieved by the secondary combustion means to eliminate black smoke, white smoke and bad smell, and also prevent emission of dioxin and the like.

From the viewpoint of energy saving, it is preferable that a heat exchange boiler is installed to recover waste heat. In addition, it is needless to say that the present invention can be implemented in various modified embodiments based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art.

[0025]

According to the incinerator of the present invention, the generation of harmful gas can be suppressed, and the humid combustible can be stably burned by self-combustion.
There is an effect that incineration costs can be reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional front view showing an incinerator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Incinerator 2 Furnace main body 2a Incineration material inlet 2c Rostor 2h Primary burner (ignition burner) 2d, 2e Combustion chamber 4 Air injection device 5 Secondary chamber 5a Secondary burner 6 Exhaust device 7 Flue (first path) 7a Primary Damper 8 Gas passage (second path) 8a Drying adjustment damper W Wetable combustible

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) F23G 5/16 F23G 5/027 F23G 5/50

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A incinerated inlet and a furnace body having a grate, said the ignition burner for heating the lower surface of the material to be incinerated deposited on grate, the furnace definitive in the body the upper on the combustion chamber from the grate
Combustion air can be supplied to the lower and lower combustion chambers respectively
In addition, the supply air amount is individually adjusted in the upper combustion chamber and the lower combustion chamber.
An air injection device having an integer capable valve, the gas in the furnace body and the first path having a flow rate adjusting means for guiding the exhaust system from below the grate, the gas in the furnace body from the furnace body upper the exhaust guided to the apparatus becomes a second path having a flow controller, incinerated at least in the second path the secondary combustion means is provided apparatus. 2. A incinerated inlet and a furnace body having a grate, said the ignition burner for heating the lower surface of the material to be incinerated deposited on grate, the furnace definitive in the body the upper on the combustion chamber from the grate
Combustion air can be supplied to the lower and lower combustion chambers respectively
In addition, the supply air amount is individually adjusted in the upper combustion chamber and the lower combustion chamber.
An air injection device having a tunable valve, a secondary chamber connected to an exhaust device and having secondary combustion means, and a flow rate for guiding gas in the furnace body from below the roaster to the secondary chamber. a first path having an adjusting means, comprising and a second path having a flow rate adjusting means for guiding to said secondary chamber gas of the furnace body from the furnace body upper incinerator.