JP3468925B2 - Waste incineration equipment - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for incinerating food waste, food waste, medical waste, wood, waste plastics and other wastes from factories, food processing industries, fishing ports and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional technique will be described with reference to FIG.

Inlet 3 on top of grate 2 at the bottom of incinerator 1.
After further incineration 4 and closing the opening / closing lid 3a, the gas or oil fuel sent from the fuel tank 7 is sent to the lower burner 8a through the fuel valve 7a, and by the primary air 11a taken in from the lower air port 10a. , The flame 12a is created by burning on the lower surface side (grate entrance) of the grate 2, and the incinerator 4 on the grate is ignited and burned.

The lower layer of the incinerator 4 is combusted by the oxygen of the primary air 11a sent from the lower side of the grate 2 to form the combustion layer 4a, but the combustion gas depleted of oxygen after the combustion by oxygen is the upper layer. The volatile component in the incinerated substance is vaporized to form the volatile layer 4b. Combustion gas 5 that has passed through the volatile layer 4b
The a contains a large amount of combustible components such as hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, dust and bromine.

Therefore, this is guided to the reburning furnace 14a provided at the furnace outlet, and the fuel sent through the fuel valve 7b is burned by the flame 12b which is burned by the secondary air 11b taken in from the upper air port 10b. The combustible components remaining in the gas 5a are incinerated, and the chimney 1 is obtained as cleaned exhaust gas 5b.
It is designed to be discharged to the atmosphere from 6.

[0006]

The above-mentioned conventional one is a low-pollution type incinerator which has been popular in recent years, and it meets the intended purpose in terms of achieving low pollution, but is as follows. The problem is inherent.

(1) Since the smokeless and odorless exhaust gas 5b is used, a separate and independent reburning furnace is required, and the equipment becomes large and the equipment cost increases.

(2) Since the amount of combustible components in the combustion gas 5a fluctuates significantly, it is necessary to hold the flame 12b in the reburning furnace 14a in order to stabilize ignition / incineration. For this purpose, the upper burner 8b is installed, It is necessary to constantly use burner fuel.

(3) In order to increase the incineration speed, the amount of fuel burned in the lower burner 8a is increased or the primary air 11 in the lower portion is heated.
It is necessary to increase the intake amount of a.
In the case of waste plastic with a high calorific value, the combustion layer 4a
Becomes higher than 1300 ° C., the material of the apparatus including the combustion furnace 1 is burnt out, and the life of the apparatus is remarkably shortened.

(4) In order to increase the incineration capacity, it is desirable to adapt the incineration material 4 to the combustion speed in the combustion furnace 1 and to continuously or intermittently charge it, but the opening / closing lid 3a of the charging port 3 is required. When is open, cold air may enter from here to supercool the combustion gas 5a, hinder combustion in the reburning furnace 14a, and emit smoke and odor while the exhaust gas 5b is still contained.

An object of the present invention is to solve these problems in the prior art and to obtain a novel and useful incinerator.

[0012]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, the present invention is a combustion furnace having a grate, and a circulation passage for circulating combustion gas is provided from a circulation port in the upper portion of the combustion furnace to a lower portion of the grate. Is provided with a cooling device for the circulating combustion gas at its start end, a burner for ejecting primary air and fuel at the end, and a gas combustion chamber for burning combustible components in the circulating combustion gas under the grate. However, a secondary air supply unit and a tertiary air supply unit, a circulating combustion gas temperature reducing device, and a reburn chamber are provided in the downstream of the gas combustion chamber, and the secondary air supply unit is located above.
At the inlet side of the reburn chamber, the above-mentioned tertiary air supply unit is
In the reheating chamber, the temperature reducing device is provided with the secondary air supply unit.
And an incinerator for waste disposed between the secondary air supply section and the tertiary air supply section .

Further, the present invention is a combustion furnace equipped with a grate, and the incinerator charging part of the combustion furnace has a double structure of an openable door and a door also serving as a rotary charging device, and the circulation at the upper part of the combustion furnace. A circulation passage for circulating the combustion gas from the mouth to the lower part of the grate is provided, and a cooling device for the combustion gas which circulates at the start end side is provided in the circulation passage, and the flow direction of the circulation combustion gas is substantially the same at the end side. A burner for injecting primary air and fuel is provided in the above, a gas combustion chamber for combusting combustible components in the circulating combustion gas is formed under the grate, and a secondary air supply unit and A tertiary air supply unit, a circulating combustion gas temperature reducing device, and a reburn chamber are provided, and the secondary air supply unit is
On the inlet side of the reburn chamber, the tertiary air supply unit is in the reburn chamber,
The temperature reducing device is connected to the secondary air supply unit and the third air supply unit in the reburn chamber.
It is intended to provide a waste incinerator arranged in the middle of the next air supply section .

[0014] That is, in the present invention, the combustion furnace to form a gas combustion chamber is from the top to the communication with the grate bottom grate bottom in a circular path, and the combustion gases to the starting end side of the circulation passage cooling device, distally provided with a burner for injecting primary air, and the reduced temperature device flow of the circulating combustion gases and the secondary air supply unit and the tertiary air supply unit after the gas combustion chamber is provided in the grate bottom A reburn chamber is provided, and the secondary air supply unit is
On the inlet side of the reburn chamber, the tertiary air supply unit is in the reburn chamber,
The temperature reducing device is connected to the secondary air supply unit and the third air supply unit in the reburn chamber.
It is placed in the middle of the secondary air supply unit, and primary, secondary, and tertiary air are separately supplied from each installation position , and the temperature of the combustion gas is adjusted by the cooling device and the temperature reducing device, so that the combustion gas Effectively incinerates the combustible components of the above, and even if the amount of combustible components in the combustion gas becomes large depending on the type of incinerated material, it is possible to take measures to reduce the temperature in the reburn chamber and achieve the initial aim. Is. In addition, in addition, the incinerator charging section of the combustion furnace has a double structure of an opening / closing door and a rotary charging / combining door, and a burner for ejecting primary air and fuel provided in the circulation passage is Combustion in the gas combustion chamber at the bottom of the grate prevents the inflow of excess air from the outside, and the circulation combustion gas is sucked by the ejector effect by setting the flow direction of the circulation combustion gas to be substantially the same. Guided to promote stable, quick, and reliable combustion.

[0015]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
The form will be described. In the drawings, the portions that functionally correspond to the above-described conventional technique are designated by the same reference numerals to make the present embodiment easier to understand.

A grate 2 is arranged below the combustion furnace 1,
The injecting part 4 for the incineration product 4 has a double structure of an opening / closing door 3A and a rotary insertion device / door 3B so that the incineration product 4 can be intermittently injected while preventing the inflow of excess air from the outside. It has become.

On the grate 2, a combustion layer 4a and a volatile layer 4b are formed respectively on the combustion layer 4a and the combustion layer 4a, and the combustion proceeds to generate a combustion gas 5A containing a combustible component.
Is guided to the circulation passage 6 through the circulation port 6a.

When the temperature of the combustion gas 5A rises and the temperature needs to be adjusted, the required amount of water is controlled by the adjusting valve 8A and sprayed from the temperature reducer 7A.

The combustion gas 5A whose temperature has been optimized is a fuel regulating valve.
The combustible components in the combustion gas 5A remaining after being taken into the flame 13a formed in the gas combustion chamber 14 by the fuel 12 whose flow rate is adjusted by 12A and the primary air 11a whose flow rate is adjusted by the air valve 10A are burned. Erased.

Here, in the circulation operation of the combustion gases 5A and 5B, the flame 13a is ejected in the flow direction of the circulation combustion gas 5C, so that the suction effect (ejector effect) corresponding to the momentum is obtained.
Is generated.

In the flame 13a, the flow rates of the fuel 12 and the primary air 11a are adjusted by the fuel adjusting valve 12A and the air valve 10A so that the residual oxygen concentration is approximately 800 to 1300 ° C. and the residual oxygen concentration is 5% to 16%, and the final combustion is performed. The exhaust gas 5E is cleaned and the combustion layer 4a on the grate is stably burned.

When the incinerated material 4 has a high volatile content and a high calorific value such as waste plastic, the combustion gas 5A contains a large amount of combustible components, and therefore the primary air amount 11a is maintained even if the fuel 12 is shut off. Because the combustion air is insufficient by itself, the fan 9
Part of the air 11 sent from the secondary air 11b, tertiary air
It is divided into 11c and supplied, and the reburning chamber 15 arranged subsequent to the gas combustion chamber 14 is designed to completely burn out combustible components.

When the combustion gas 5D becomes high in temperature and there is a risk of burnout of equipment, the amount of water sprayed from the desuperheater 7B is adjusted by the adjusting valve 8D and supplied to adjust the exhaust gas temperature. Further, a ceramic foam (multi-porous ceramic plate) dust collector 17 for dust removal is provided at the inlet of the chimney 16 to thoroughly purify the combustion exhaust gas 5E.

A description will be added to the air supply which has a great influence on the combustion in the present embodiment.

The incineration product 4 forms a combustion layer 4a on the grate 2 and a volatile layer 4b on the combustion layer 4a, and burns in the combustion furnace 1.
Combustion gas containing a large amount of combustible components generated from the volatile layer 5
A is generated, but the injecting part of the incineration material 4 is provided in the system of the circulation passage 6 because the opening / closing door 3A and the rotary type injector / combined door 3B prevent the inflow of excess air from the outside. The combustion gas 5A is sucked into the burner 13 due to the ejection momentum of the primary air 11a and the fuel 12 of the burner 13, and the combustible components can be burned and eliminated.

A part of the combustion gas 5C enters the combustion furnace 1 through the grate 2 and is effectively burned as heated combustion air (oxygen concentration is lower than the outside air) to accelerate the incineration rate, Complete incineration in a short time.

Since the opening / closing of the charging unit 3 has a double structure as described above, the incinerator 4 can be intermittently charged while blocking the inflow of external air, so that the incineration capacity of a small and large capacity can be obtained. You can have it.

Further, in the case of the incinerated matter 4 having a high volatile content and a high calorific value such as waste plastic, the combustion gas 5A has a large amount of combustible components, but when burned by the burner 13, 1300 ° C. In order to generate high-temperature gas that exceeds, the primary air divided by the desuperheaters 7A and 7B and combustion air 11
By supplying a, secondary air 11b, and tertiary air 11c, burnout of the equipment is prevented.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the double structure of the openable door 3A and the rotary door 3B serving as the rotary inserter at the input portion of the incineration material 4 is intermittent while preventing the inflow of excess air from the outside. The incinerated matter 4 can be charged into the gas combustion chamber 5 through the circulation passage 6 into the gas combustion chamber 14 provided below the grate 2 by the suction effect of the momentum of the fluid by the injection of the primary air 11a and the fuel 12. The burnable components contained in the combustion gas 5a can be burned out by the flame 13a of the burner 13 by these guides.

Further, since a part of the high temperature gas generated in the gas combustion chamber 14 passes through the grate 2 and contributes to the combustion in the combustion furnace 1, the combustion layer 4a can be stably and rapidly burned. Become.

Further, since the gas combustion chamber 14 can also receive the heat radiation from the lower surface of the grate 2 and form a stable flame 13a, the fuel 12 should be supplied when the calorific value of the combustible component of the combustion gas 5A is large. It is also possible to save fuel cost for stop.

Further, even in the case of incinerated materials with high volatile content and high calorific value such as waste plastic, by controlling the desuperheaters 7A and 7B and the secondary and tertiary air 11b and 11c,
Does not emit smoke or odor while suppressing burnout of equipment,
It becomes possible to incinerate the purified exhaust gas.

That is, the incinerator 4 of various properties can be incinerated almost smokelessly and odorlessly, the amount of fuel used from the outside can be minimized, and the combustion rate in the combustion furnace can be increased to meet the combustion rate. Since it is possible to put incinerated waste, it is a highly efficient and economical low pollution type incinerator.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the illustrated embodiments, the present invention is not limited to such embodiments.
It goes without saying that various modifications may be made to the specific structure within the scope of the present invention.

[0035]

According to the present invention as described in the foregoing, it is in the circulation passage of combustion gas provided burner for injecting the primary air and fuel to the terminal provided with a cooling device for the starting side, and, A secondary air supply unit, a tertiary air supply unit, a temperature reducing device for circulating combustion gas, and a reburn chamber are provided in the wake of the gas combustion chamber provided under the grate , and the secondary air supply unit is
On the inlet side of the reburn chamber, the tertiary air supply unit is located in the reburn chamber.
In the reheating chamber, the temperature reducing device is provided with the secondary air supply unit.
If by devising such disposed intermediate tertiary air supply, primary, secondary, and tertiary air is supplied by dividing each work to temperature adjustment of the combustion gases in the cooling device and temperature reducing device, the circulation passage The combustible components in the combustion gas flowing through the combustion chamber are burned out, and the combustion in the combustion furnace is promoted in a stable, quick, and reliable manner through the grate, and the combustible components in the combustion gas depend on the type of incineration material. Even if there is a large amount of waste gas, it will be possible to deal with it by taking into account the temperature decrease in the reburn chamber, and it will be possible to incinerate the purified exhaust gas without producing smoke or odor, and a highly efficient and economical low pollution type incinerator can be installed. I was able to get it.

According to the invention of claim 2, the above-mentioned claim
In addition to the constitution of the invention of Item 1, the incinerator input section of the combustion furnace is
It has a double structure with a door that can be opened and closed and a door that also serves as a rotary type feeder.
In addition, the primary air and fuel provided in the circulation passage are jetted out.
The burner is in the same direction as the flow direction of the circulating combustion gas.
And the combustion in the gas combustion chamber below the grate
Prevents the inflow of excess air from the outside and the cooling effect of the circulation passage.
With the result, the ejector effect, the heat radiation in the gas combustion chamber, etc.
Due to the combined effects, there is a possibility that the combustion gas flowing in the circulation passage
Combustion components in the combustion furnace are burned out through the grate.
It was possible to obtain a highly efficient and economical low-pollution incinerator that promotes burning in a stable, quick, and reliable manner.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a conventional one.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 combustion furnace 2 grate 3A openable door 3B Revolving type inserter combined door 4 Incinerated matter 4a Combustion layer 4b Volatile layer 6 circulation passages 7A cooling device 7B temperature reducer 11 air 11a Primary air 11b Secondary air 11c Tertiary air 13 burners 14 gas combustion chamber 15 Reburn room

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (72) Hisao Yamamoto, 5-1,717, Fukahori-cho, Nagasaki-shi, Naganami Engineering Co., Ltd. (72) Masayasu Sakai 5-717, Fukahori-cho, Nagasaki-shi 1 Nagahishi (56) References Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 5-26422 (JP, A) Actual Development 55-150232 (JP, U) JP-B 51-30397 (JP, B1) (58) Fields investigated ( Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) F23G 5/00 119 F23G 5/027 F23G 5/14-5/16

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A combustion furnace having a grate, wherein a circulation passage for circulating a combustion gas from a circulation port at an upper portion of the combustion furnace to a lower portion of the grate is provided, and a combustion gas circulating at a starting end side of the circulation passage. A burner for ejecting primary air and fuel is provided at the end side of the cooling device, and a gas combustion chamber for combustible components in the circulating combustion gas is formed under the grate. a secondary air supply unit and the tertiary air supply unit, a temperature decreasing device of the circulating combustion gas, the relapse chamber provided in the upper
The secondary air supply unit is located on the inlet side of the reburn chamber, and the tertiary air
The air supply unit is in the reburn chamber, and the temperature reducing device is in the reburn chamber.
A waste incinerator, which is arranged between the secondary air supply section and the tertiary air supply section . 2. A combustion furnace equipped with a grate, wherein the incinerator charging part of the combustion furnace has a double structure of an openable door and a door also serving as a rotary charging device, and the grate is introduced from the circulation port at the upper part of the combustion furnace. the circulation path for circulating the combustion gas in the lower provided the in the circulation passage that
Install a cooling device for the combustion gas that circulates at the start end and
A burner for ejecting primary air and fuel is provided on the end side in a direction substantially the same as the flow direction of the circulating combustion gas, and a gas combustion chamber for combustible components in the circulating combustion gas is formed under the grate. A secondary air supply unit and a tertiary air supply unit, a temperature reducing device for the circulating combustion gas, and a reburn chamber are provided in the wake of the gas combustion chamber, and the secondary air supply unit is provided on the inlet side of the reburn chamber.
The tertiary air supply unit is in the reburn chamber, the temperature reducing device is
Between the secondary air supply section and the tertiary air supply section in the reburn chamber
A waste incinerator characterized by being placed in.