RU139257U1 - INSTALLATION OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL - Google Patents

Abstract

A solid waste utilization installation comprising a thermoreactor in which a thermal decomposition chamber is located, equipped with a loading device, a coke ash residue discharge hatch and a tedder; coke residue, and a heating burner is placed under the thermal decomposition chamber, a vertical is adjacent to the end of the thermoreactor The cyclone furnace with an afterburner, in the upper part of which there is a burner for burning pyrolysis products, the unit is also equipped with a bypass duct to protect the thermal decomposition chamber from overheating, a flue gas flow distributor, a catalytic afterburner of organic compounds in flue gases, a heat exchanger with a fan, a cyclone, a scrubber for liquid post-treatment of flue gases from solid inclusions, a fan-smoke exhauster, which ensures that the air necessary for the combustion process enters the installation I gas-vapor mixture, and the removal of flue gases into the pipe, control panel, service platform, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of the installation between the receiving hopper of the loading device and the thermal decomposition chamber, there is an additional chamber for pre-heating the waste formed by fixed vertical walls and movable horizontal valves, and the upper valve hermetically separates the preheating chamber from the receiving hopper of the loading device and the surrounding

Description

The utility model relates to equipment for environmentally friendly thermal destruction of solid industrial and household waste containing organic compounds.

A known installation for heat treatment and destruction of waste, consisting of a body lined with refractory material, inside which there is a flue gas afterburner with a burner device and a waste burning chamber with a burner device, as well as a channel for passage of pyrolysis and flue gases from the combustion chamber to the afterburner, a flue gas removal channel from the afterburner and waste loading and sludge disposal devices. The waste loading device is located above the incineration chamber in the upper part of the installation housing and is made in the form of a lock loading chamber with a moving hatch and a closing door [1].

The disadvantage of the installation is its low efficiency.

In the process, the waste is constantly loaded through the open door into the lock chamber, then the door is closed, the hatch is shifted and the waste is dumped into the combustion chamber. This operation of the installation leads to significant heat loss when loading waste into the airlock through an open door. The discharge of a portion of cold and wet waste into the combustion chamber of the installation leads to a sharp decrease in the operating temperature and interruption of the working process for the time required for heating and drying the waste in the chamber.

The closest technical solution adopted for the prototype is a solid waste utilization installation containing a thermoreactor, which houses a thermal decomposition chamber equipped with a loading device, a coke ash residue discharge hatch, and a tedder, the thermal decomposition chamber is placed in a heating chamber, the walls of which are covered with heat-insulating material, in the lower part of the heating chamber there is a grate for burning out the coke ash residue, and under the thermal decomposition chamber p a heating burner is located, a vertical cyclone furnace with an afterburner is adjacent to the end of the thermoreactor, in the upper part of which there is a burner for burning pyrolysis products, the unit is also equipped with a bypass duct to protect the thermal decomposition chamber from overheating, a gas distributor for the flue gas stream, a catalytic afterburner of organic compounds in the flue gases, a heat exchanger with a fan, a cyclone, a scrubber for liquid post-treatment of flue gases from solid inclusions, a smoke exhaust fan, providing entering the installation of air necessary for the combustion process of gas-vapor mixture, and the removal of flue gases into the pipe, control panel, service platform [2].

The disadvantage of the installation is its low efficiency.

The loading device of the installation is a box without a bottom with a top cover, which can be moved in a box located above the thermal decomposition chamber due to a special drive. Between the box and the box there are seals for sealing the chamber. At the time of loading the waste drawer is pulled out onto the box tray and its lid is open. After loading, the lid of the box is closed, and the box itself is moved by a special drive along the box into the area above the thermal decomposition chamber. Cold and wet waste from the box is dumped into the chamber.

This operation of the installation leads to significant heat loss, which is spent on heating parts of the loading device. The loading of a portion of cold and wet waste into the thermal decomposition chamber leads to a sharp decrease in the operating temperature and interruption of the pyrolysis process. The operation cycle of the installation is increased by the time required for heating and drying the waste in the chamber.

The purpose of the utility model is to increase the efficiency of the installation.

This goal is achieved by the fact that between the receiving hopper of the loading device and the thermal decomposition chamber there is an additional chamber for pre-heating the waste formed by fixed vertical walls and movable horizontal valves, the upper valve hermetically separating the pre-heating chamber from the receiving hopper of the loading device and the environment, and the lower valve - from the thermal decomposition chamber *, the walls of the preheating chamber, as well as both valves are covered with insulating material.

Comparison of the claimed device with the prototype shows that there is a presence of new parts and functional connections between them.

New details: an additional chamber for preheating waste formed by fixed vertical walls and movable horizontal valves, the upper valve hermetically separating the preheating chamber from the receiving hopper of the loading device and the environment, and the lower valve from the thermal decomposition chamber, the walls of the preheating chamber, and also, both valves are coated with heat insulating material.

New functional relationships: loading into the thermal decomposition chamber of preheated and dried waste does not lead to a noticeable change in the temperature regime and interruption of the pyrolysis process; the preliminary heating of the waste in the additional chamber of the installation is time-aligned with the continuous pyrolysis process and is carried out by heat supplied from the thermal decomposition chamber through the lower valve; the temperature in the additional chamber is determined by the properties of the insulating material of the lower valve and the time of preliminary heating of the waste; heat transfer from the additional chamber to the receiving hopper of the loading device and into the environment is limited by the upper valve, covered with heat-insulating material.

The presence of new elements and functional relationships can improve the efficiency of the installation.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a structural diagram of a solid waste disposal plant, and FIG. 2 is a diagram of a thermal decomposition chamber with an additional waste preheating chamber and a receiving hopper of a loading device.

The installation (Fig. 1) contains a thermoreactor 1, a chamber for thermal decomposition of waste, a charging device 3, a hatch 4 for unloading a coke ash residue, a tedder 5, a heating chamber 6 with a grate for burning the coke ash residue, a cyclone furnace 7, a burner 8 for heating the thermal decomposition chamber , burner 9 for burning pyrolysis products, gas distributor 10 flue gas stream, catalytic afterburner 11, heat exchanger 12 with fan 19, cyclone 13, scrubber 14 for liquid flue gas after-treatment from solid ones fan, smoke exhauster 15, chimney 16, control panel 17, service platform 18, fire door 20, lubricant-coolant tank 21, pump 22, gate 23 for vacuum control in the thermal decomposition chamber, water tank 24, valve 25 water supply, air gate 26, fuel tank 27, fuel supply cock 28, burner opening opening lever 29 8.

Above the thermal decomposition chamber 2 (FIG. 2), an additional waste pre-heating chamber 30 is formed, formed by fixed vertical walls and movable horizontal valves, the upper valve 31 hermetically separating the preliminary heating chamber from the receiving hopper of the loading device 3 and the environment, and the lower valve 32 - from the thermal decomposition chamber. The walls of the preheating chamber, as well as both valves, are covered with heat-insulating material, which does not allow heating of the waste in the chamber to the temperature of their melting and the beginning of pyrolysis.

Installation of solid waste is as follows.

To start the installation, it is necessary from the control panel 17 (Fig. 1) to turn on the smoke exhauster 15, the heat exchanger fan 19, the lubricant-coolant supply pump 22 and close the gate 26.

Open the fuel supply valve 28, open the embrasure with the lever 29 and start the burners 8 and 9. After heating the flue gases in the heating chamber 6 to a temperature of 650 ... 700 ° C from the hopper of the loading device 3, throw a small portion of burning into the chamber 2 through the chamber 30 dry waste (e.g. paper) to burn oxygen and close valves 31 and 32.

For the operation of the installation from the hopper of the loading device 3, by opening the valve 31, load a portion of waste into the chamber 30. With closed valves 31 and 32, withstand waste in the additional preheating chamber for a certain time. By opening gate valve 32, discharge a portion of heated waste into chamber 2.

As the waste is heated, a gas-vapor mixture is released from them, which enters the furnace 7, where combustible components are burned. To prevent overheating of the chamber 2, water from the tank 24 is supplied to it using the valve 25. During the disposal process, the waste and coke-ash residues in the chamber 2 are periodically mixed with a agitator 5.

With a decrease in the temperature of the flue gases at the outlet of the thermoreactor and a simultaneous decrease in the intensity of the flame to the backlight mode, the installation operation cycle is considered completed. Depending on the operating mode of the installation and the composition of the waste, a new portion of the waste is loaded and the cycle repeats. Unloading of coke ash residue on the grate of the heating chamber 6 is carried out as necessary depending on the composition of the waste.

When working with high-calorie waste (for example, flammable plastics, oily waste, etc.), the time interval between downloads is reduced, and when disposing of low-calorie waste, the cycle time is increased.

Pre-heating the waste before loading it into the thermal decomposition chamber ensures a continuous pyrolysis process and increases the efficiency of the installation.

Sources of information taken into account

1. RF patent for the invention No. 2476771. Cl. F23G 5/00, 09/09/2011.

2. LLC "VP - Service". Installation of utilization of solid household, industrial and medical waste ECHOUTO-150.3. TU-4859-001- 53776433-2013. User's manual. http://www.echutos.ru (prototype).

Claims (1)

A solid waste utilization installation comprising a thermoreactor, in which a thermal decomposition chamber is located, equipped with a loading device, a coke ash residue discharge hatch and a agitator, a thermal decomposition chamber is placed in a heating chamber, the walls of which are coated with heat insulating material, and there is a grate for afterburning in the lower part of the heating chamber coke residue, and a heating burner is placed under the thermal decomposition chamber, a vertical is adjacent to the end of the thermoreactor The cyclone furnace with an afterburner, in the upper part of which there is a burner for burning pyrolysis products, the unit is also equipped with a bypass duct to protect the thermal decomposition chamber from overheating, a flue gas flow distributor, a catalytic afterburner of organic compounds in flue gases, a heat exchanger with a fan, a cyclone, a scrubber for liquid post-treatment of flue gases from solid inclusions, a fan-smoke exhauster, which ensures that the air necessary for the combustion process enters the installation I gas-vapor mixture, and the removal of flue gases into the pipe, control panel, service platform, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of the installation between the receiving hopper of the loading device and the thermal decomposition chamber, there is an additional chamber for pre-heating the waste formed by fixed vertical walls and movable horizontal valves, and the upper valve hermetically separates the preheating chamber from the receiving hopper of the loading device and the surrounding medium, and the lower valve - from the thermal decomposition chamber, the walls of the preheating chamber, as well as both valves are covered with heat-insulating material.

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