RU96410U1 - SOLID WASTE BURNING DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

 A device for burning solid waste, including a combustion chamber, a shaft, under, an air intake device, a chimney and a burner device, characterized in that in the device for burning solid waste, the upper part of the housing is provided with an internal partition with a perforated glass forming an afterburner in the form of an annular the gap between the body of the device and the shaft; the device for introducing air is made in the form of a fan unit, mounted tangentially on the device; the gas outlet is carried out through a cyclone rigidly fixed to the device casing at the level of the outlet pipe; under is made in the form of a grid equipped with a manual drive, the size of the peripheral cells which is larger than the central ones; the device is additionally equipped with a hatch for removing ash residue; the burner is installed pulsation-vortex type.

Description

The utility model relates to the incineration of solid waste and can be used in various industries where the destruction of solid combustible waste is required.

Known waste incinerator containing a mine, combustion chambers, grate, gas duct (UK, application No. 1404178 IPC F23G 5/00, F23G 5/14). Waste is loaded into the mine from above, flue gases in the combustion chambers move from bottom to top, thereby warming up the waste in the mine. Coke residue is burned on a grate located at the bottom of the shaft. However, over time, burning coals or fireproof components that are often present in the waste to be disposed of accumulate on the device's grate. As a result, the productivity of the furnace is reduced and the range of neutralized waste is narrowed. The disadvantage of this furnace should also include poor mixing of volatile components with secondary air supplied to the combustion zone through perforations located on the outer wall of the annular channel. Volatile components are released as a result of heating solid waste. Due to the aforementioned lack of exhaust gases, the concentration of harmful substances increases and, as a result, the environmental performance of the furnace deteriorates.

The closest technical solution is a device containing a combustion chamber, a shaft for supplying waste, under, an air intake device, a chimney and a burner device (US application No. 4976208, F23G 5/26, F23G 5/46). However, the known device does not allow to burn moistened solid combustible waste. When they are burned in the furnace chamber space, it is not possible to maintain high temperatures, as a result of which the concentration of ingredients in the combustion products increases. In addition, the device has low performance when firing waste with non-combustible components. As combustible waste burns out, non-combustible components gradually fill under. Because of this, the productivity of the furnace is reduced. Non-combustible elements on the hearth contribute to the ingress of unburned coal into the ash residue, thereby impairing the efficiency of the furnace.

The technical task of the utility model is to increase the efficiency and expand the spectrum of burning solid combustible waste, reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere, and increase the life of the furnace.

The problem is solved in that in the device for burning solid waste, the upper part of the body is equipped with an internal partition with a perforated glass forming a afterburner in the form of an annular gap between the device body and the shaft; the device for introducing air is made in the form of a fan unit, mounted tangentially on the device; the gas outlet is carried out through a cyclone rigidly fixed to the device casing at the level of the outlet pipe; under is made in the form of a grid equipped with a manual drive, the size of the peripheral cells which is larger than the central ones; the device is additionally equipped with a hatch for removing ash residue; the burner is installed pulsation-vortex type.

The inventive device is presented in figure 1.

A device for burning solid waste contains: a housing 4 with a furnace 3 and afterburning 5 chambers, an internal partition 11 with a perforated glass 13, a shaft 12, a burner device 17, a fan unit 15, a loading chamber 9, a lock with a counterweight 10, a grid 2 with a manual drive 18, ash pan 1 with a hatch 19, cyclone 6 with a chimney 8.

The device operates as follows.

The furnace runs continuously. Solid waste in mesh bags is loaded into the loading chamber 9 and enters the shaft 12 through a lock 10, which falls down under the weight of the waste. The tightness of the furnace volume when loading is provided by a counterweight gateway. The gateway 10 returns to its original position thanks to the counterweight. After filling the shaft 12 with solid waste, a burner 17 is started, from the flame of which the combustible waste is ignited. The fan unit 15 is turned on. The air vortex flows from the fan unit 15, located tangentially to the casing 4, through the inlet pipe 14 are directed along the annular gap between the walls of the casing 4 and the shaft 12 into the combustion zone of the combustion chamber 3. In this case, the walls of the casing 4 are cooled and the air warms up. Waste as a fire takes up the entire area of grid 2. The lower part of the shaft is made in the form of a lattice 16. Due to this constructive solution, the waste bags in the lower part of the shaft are in direct contact with hot gases. As a result of this, part of the waste is actively dried, intensively heated and quickly ignited. Gaseous products of combustion with unburned components from the combustion chamber 3 move upwards of the device and enter the afterburner 5. The afterburner 5 is made in the form of an annular gap between the walls of the shaft 12 and the internal partition 11 with a perforated cup 13. Additional air enters the afterburner 5 through openings perforated glass 13. In the afterburning chamber 5 there is a fire neutralization of combustible gas emissions. Further, the gas combustion products enter through the outlet pipe 7 into the cyclone 6, where the mechanical particles are separated from the gas exhaust, and the cleaned ones are removed into the atmosphere through the chimney 8. The ash residue and non-combustible components from the metal mesh 2 are periodically dumped into the ash pan 1 using a manual drive 18 and are removed through the hatch 19. Small unburned coals falling into the ash pan 1, burn out due to the supply of heated air. The air in the ash pan 1 enters the walls of the housing 4.

In the proposed installation, the required temperature level is achieved by a burner device that ignites the waste and provides the combustion zone with additional energy during the combustion of the waste. A pulsation-vortex-type burner, in addition to the function of an ignition device and an additional energy source, performs the function of a pulsation generator. Thanks to this function, heat and mass transfer processes are significantly activated in the combustion chamber. Pulsating combustion over stationary has several advantages, as it allows to burn both liquid commercial fuels (diesel, furnace, fuel oil), and liquid combustible industrial wastes (waste oils, combustible flushing liquids, etc.). The burner device generates a pulsating flame torch. A highly heated gas stream flowing out of the burner causes the entire gas stream to oscillate in the combustion chamber. The flame torch is sent to the combusted waste, thereby exerting strong mechanical and thermal effects on burning coals. Due to pulsations of gas pressure in the entire furnace space, heat and mass transfer processes are intensified. The result of the latter are: acceleration of the drying process of humidified waste, high heat intensity of the furnace volume, temperature uniformity in the furnace, low chemical and mechanical ignition, reduction of the time of combustion of waste.

The internal partition 11 with a perforated cup 13 located in the upper part of the housing 4 forms an afterburner 5 in the form of an annular gap between the shaft 12 and the perforated cup 13, and contributes to the optimal distribution of air in the afterburner 5, and also creates a high thermal stress of the entire furnace space. The combustion products entering the afterburning chamber 5 are enriched with combustible gas components and are thrown out of it tangentially through the outlet pipe 7 into the cyclone 6. The presence of an internal partition 11 prevents premature mixing of the injected air with the gaseous products of combustion and ensures the supply of heated air to the burning coals and ash residue located at the bottom of the installation. In addition, the perforated glass 13 with the shaft 12 forms an annular gap along which combustion products move in the form of a swirling jet and are discharged into the outlet pipe 7. Such a movement of gases strongly turbulizes the flow and provides optimal conditions for burning unburned components.

Air is blown into the furnace by the fan unit 15. Moreover, the fan unit is attached tangentially to the side of the unit body 4, which provides vortex effects in the furnace space. The swirling air flow is directed from top to bottom along the walls of the rail 4. Thanks to this flow pattern, air heating and reliable cooling of the walls of the installation are ensured.

Mesh 2 eliminates the negative factors associated with the concentration of non-combustible components in the lower part of the combustion chamber. These components prevent the accumulation of waste in the mine 12, resulting in reduced installation performance, reduced heat generation, shielding of burning coal from the oxidizing environment. The oscillating movements of the grid 2, created by the manual drive 18, create intensive mixing of burning coals and allow timely removal of ash and non-combustible components from the combustion zone with their further discharge into ash pan 1.

The proposed device allows you to effectively burn solid combustible waste. Maintaining high temperatures in the furnace space has a positive effect on redox processes and ensures the completeness of combustion of burning coals. High temperatures are especially important when burning solid residue. The proposed device allows you to burn solid waste of various humidity and a wide range of composition, timely remove ash residue and non-combustible components from the combustion zone. In addition, the pulsating combustion mode accelerates the time of burning waste, improves the completeness of their combustion, reduces the concentration of harmful substances in the combustion products.

Wastes with the following morphological composition were burned at this installation: biological wastes from markets, plastic dishes, plastic bags, synthetic napkins, brown paper, food waste, rubber products, cardboard, etc. The research results showed the high efficiency of this furnace and the prospects of its use in the fire neutralization of waste from many industrial enterprises. When chlorine-containing and sulfur compounds were burned, “dolamite flour” was added to the waste prior to loading, which made it possible to ensure the required environmental indicators of the combustion products. Approximate calculations showed that the cost of disposal of waste in this unit is 2-2.5 times lower compared to existing furnaces. This is due to the use of liquid combustible waste or low-grade liquid fuel as fuel, as well as the high heat intensity of the furnace space, characteristic of pulsating combustion.

Claims (1)

A device for burning solid waste, including a combustion chamber, a shaft, under, an air intake device, a chimney and a burner device, characterized in that in the device for burning solid waste, the upper part of the housing is equipped with an internal partition with a perforated glass forming an afterburner in the form of an annular the gap between the body of the device and the shaft; the device for introducing air is made in the form of a fan unit, mounted tangentially on the device; the gas outlet is carried out through a cyclone rigidly fixed to the device casing at the level of the outlet pipe; under is made in the form of a grid equipped with a manual drive, the size of the peripheral cells which is larger than the central ones; the device is additionally equipped with a hatch for removing ash residue; the burner is installed pulsation-vortex type.