RU2763897C1 - Method for preparing for task of firing to kill from mortars - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: armament.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of artillery firing; it can be used in automated guidance and fire control systems. A method consists in that the topographic range to the target, the directional angle of the direction to the target and the angle of the target location are determined on a fire control device, firing settings are calculated on the fire control device, settings are implemented on sighting devices, a shot is fired. In advance before the beginning of firing to kill tasks, polar coordinates of the reference point are measured by means of reconnaissance means, a reference point is created with a mortar, results of creating a reference point are processed on the fire control device, corrections for deviation of meteorological firing conditions and charge temperature from tabular firing conditions are determined using an artillery corrector. Using a computer program, systematic corrections are determined, during the execution of firing to kill tasks, meteorological firing conditions and charge temperature are measured with tools, and total corrections are determined using the computer program.

EFFECT: reduction in the time spent by the unit in the firing position due to eliminating additional shots and processing firing results.

1 cl, 2 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of artillery firing and can be used in automated guidance and fire control systems (ASUNO).

Benchmark is understood as the center of a group of ruptures, the coordinates of which are determined by a rangefinder, a notch from the points of conjugated observation, a radar station, as well as a battery (platoon) of sound reconnaissance. (Theoretical foundations of ground artillery firing: textbook / Edited by A.S. Krukovsky. - M .: Ministry of Defense of the USSR, 1976. - 346 p.; p. 94).

Under the total corrections of the range (direction) of firing is meant the sum of the corrections of the range (direction) for the deviation of the meteorological and ballistic conditions of firing from the tabular ones. (Dictionary of rocket and artillery terms. - M .: Military publishing house, 1989. - 256 p., p. 213).

The firing conditions table is understood as a set of pre-fixed conditions for which the firing tables are calculated. (Dictionary of missile and artillery terms. - M .: Military publishing house, 1989. - 256 p., p. 215).

Calculated firing installations are understood as installations of sighting devices and a fuse (tube) on which fire is fired or a rocket is launched. They are determined taking into account topographic (geodesic), meteorological, ballistic, geophysical conditions of firing (launch) and individual corrections of guns (launchers). (Dictionary of rocket and artillery terms. - M .: Military publishing house, 1989. - 256 p., p. 93).

The tasks of shooting to kill are understood as tasks solved by the fire of various fire weapons. Depending on the nature, importance of the target and the conditions of the situation, the tasks of shooting to kill with artillery can be: destruction, suppression, destruction and exhaustion. Artillery subunits, units, and groups use various types of fire to perform the tasks of shooting to kill. (Dictionary of rocket and artillery terms. - M .: Military publishing house, 1989. - 256 p., p. 79).

A fire control device (FCD) is understood to mean devices used in determining installations for firing and controlling fire of artillery and mortar units when hitting various targets. (Dictionary of rocket and artillery terms. - M .: Military publishing house, 1989. - 256 p., p. 172).

An artillery corrector (PA) is understood as a graphomechanical device for determining the total range and direction corrections for meteorological and ballistic conditions of firing. (Dictionary of rocket and artillery terms. - M .: Military publishing house, 1989. - 256 p., p. 168).

A known method for improving the accuracy of firing artillery weapons, implemented in the invention "Method of firing unguided projectiles from closed firing positions", RF patent No. 2236665, F41G 3/16, published 20.09.2004, bul. No. 26. The method consists in firing a shot, measuring the deviation of the initial velocity of the projectile from the table value, adjusting the elevation angle, taking into account the received deviation, for subsequent shots.

The closest in its technical essence and functions performed by the analog prototype to the claimed one is the method implemented in the invention of the Russian Federation "Method of firing artillery shells from closed firing positions", RF patent No. 2453790, F41G 3/16, published on 20.06. No. 17, which consists in determining the topographic range to the target, the directional angle of the direction to the target and the elevation angle of the target, determining the correction in the range and in the direction according to the meteorological and ballistic conditions of firing, determining the settings for firing, implementing the settings, produce two auxiliary shots that differ in the direction, the deviations of the breaks from the aiming points are determined, the values of the longitudinal and crosswind speeds, the deviations of the initial velocity of the projectile from the tabular value and the orientation error are calculated from the obtained deviations, based on the values obtained using the firing tables, the firing settings for all subsequent shots are calculated. This method was chosen as a basis as a prototype for the claimed method.

A technical problem in this area is a significant time interval for the units to be in a firing position due to the lack of systematic corrections and the appointment of two additional shots to calculate installations and fire subsequent shots.

The technical problem is solved by creating a method for determining installations for firing to kill, taking into account systematic corrections, which makes it possible to reduce the time interval for the units to be in a firing position due to the possibility of taking into account systematic corrections and the absence of shots before switching to shooting to kill.

The technical problem is solved by the fact that in the method of determining installations for shooting to kill, which consists in the fact that the topographic range to the target, the directional angle of the direction to the target and the elevation angle of the target are determined on the FPU. Firing installations are calculated on the PUO. Installations are implemented on the sighting devices of the mortar, a shot is fired from the mortar, the following actions are additionally introduced: in advance of the start of the tasks of shooting to kill by means of reconnaissance, the polar coordinates of the place of the alleged benchmark are measured, the benchmark is created with the mortar, the results of the creation of the benchmark are processed at the FPU. With the help of PA, corrections are determined for the deviation of the meteorological conditions of firing and charge temperature from the tabular firing conditions, and systematic corrections are determined. In the course of performing the tasks of firing to kill, the meteorological conditions of firing and the temperature of the charges are measured by instruments, and the total corrections are determined on a microcalculator.

The analysis of the prior art made it possible to establish that there are no analogues characterized by a set of features that are identical to all the features of the claimed method, which indicates that the inventions correspond to the conditions of patentability "novelty".

The results of the search for known solutions in this and related fields of technology in order to identify features that match the distinguishing features of the prototype of the claimed invention showed that they do not follow explicitly from the prior art. From the prior art, the influence of the transformations provided for by the essential features of the claimed invention on the achievement of the specified technical result has not been revealed either. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of patentability "inventive step".

The "industrial applicability" of the introduced elements is due to the presence of the element base, on the basis of which they can be performed.

The claimed invention is illustrated by drawings, which show:

fig. 1 - the algorithm of actions of officials when using the method for determining installations for firing mortars;

fig. 2 - comparison of the time intervals of the task when applying the prototype method and the proposed method.

The algorithm of actions of officials when using the method for determining installations for firing from mortars is presented in figure 1, where in block 1 the initial data is entered:

- numbers of charges on which the reference points are created (N _i );

Номера зарядов и дальности для этих зарядов выбираются так, чтобы перекрывались все возможные дальности стрельбы из миномета.- ranges and directional angles of the direction of creating benchmarks

The numbers of charges and ranges for these charges are chosen so that all possible firing ranges from the mortar overlap.

- the required number of frames (i _needed), at least two for each charge;

- the time of measuring the meteorological and ballistic conditions of firing t ₁ and t ₂ , and t ₁ is the time of preparation of units to perform the tasks of shooting to kill, t ₂ is the time of performing the tasks of shooting to kill, the time interval between the moments t ₁ and is unlimited;

- tabular firing conditions: the point of impact of the mine is on the horizon of the gun; the initial speed of the mine corresponds to the table values; charge temperature T _c =+15°C; the mass of the mine corresponds to the tabular mass; the shape of the mine with a fuse corresponds to the drawing; the atmosphere is motionless (wind speed at all altitudes is zero); barometric pressure at the position of the mortar 750 mm Hg; air temperature at the mortar position + 15 ° С (Theoretical foundations of ground artillery firing: textbook / Edited by A.S. Krukovsky. - M .: Ministry of Defense of the USSR, 1976. - 346 p.; p. 11).

In block 2, reconnaissance means measure the coordinates of the i-th benchmark, while:

- a rangefinder measures the directional angle to the benchmark point, the distance to the benchmark point and on the FPU determine the rectangular coordinates of the benchmark (Textbook of a sergeant of missile forces and artillery. For commanders of topographic and geodetic departments and topographic surveyors departments: textbook / edited by V.G. Kryukov - M .: Military publishing house, 1990. - 248 p.; pp. 36, 55, 166).

In block 3, corrections to the range and direction are calculated according to the meteorological and ballistic conditions of firing at the moment of time, while:

- with the help of a landing meteorological kit, deviations of the meteorological conditions of firing from the tabular ones are measured;

- a battery thermometer measures the deviation of the temperature of the charges from the table;

- compose an approximate bulletin "Meteorological average" and with the help of PA calculate corrections for the deviation of meteorological and ballistic conditions of firing from the tabular firing conditions at time t ₁ (Textbook of a sergeant of missile forces and artillery. For chiefs of computing teams: textbook / edited by O.I. Kuzina - M.: Military publishing house, 1990. - 227 p.; pp. 10-11; Shooting tables for flat and mountainous conditions of a 120-mm portable mortar 2S12, TS RG No. 98 - M.: Interacademic publishing house "Armament. Politics Conversion ", 2002. - 431 pp.; p. 394; Textbook for a sergeant of missile forces and artillery. For chiefs of computing teams: textbook / edited by O. I. Kuzin - M .: Military publishing house, 1990. - 227 p. ; pp. 105-106, 112-118):

- поправки в дальность на: отклонение давления атмосферы; баллистическое отклонение температуры воздуха; продольную слагающую баллистического ветра; отклонение начальной скорости полета мины; отклонение температуры зарядов; геофизические условия;where

- range corrections for: atmospheric pressure deviation; ballistic air temperature deviation; the longitudinal component of the ballistic wind; deviation of the initial speed of the mine; charge temperature deviation; geophysical conditions;

- поправки в направление на: продольную слагающую баллистического ветра; геофизические условия;

- corrections in the direction to: the longitudinal component of the ballistic wind; geophysical conditions;

Z - derivation.

In block 4, calculated settings for firing are calculated, while:

- on the FPU, the topographic range and directional angle of direction to the i-th benchmark are determined, the calculated range and directional angle of direction to the i-th benchmark are determined, according to the firing tables for the corresponding charge and the calculated range, the sight and the correction of the aiming angle to the target elevation angle are determined (Textbook Sergeant of Missile Forces and Artillery For chiefs of computational teams: textbook / edited by O. I. Kuzin - Moscow: Military Publishing House, 1990. - 227 pp., pp. 125-126, 127; Preparation of fire and fire control: textbook / Under the editorship of V. I. Volobuev. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1987. - 376 p.; p. 295).

In block 5, a shot is fired, while:

- the calculated installations are installed on the sights of the mortar and the mortar is guided to the aiming point, the mortar is loaded and fired (Textbook of a sergeant of missile forces and artillery. For commanders of guns, mortars and rocket artillery combat vehicles: textbook / edited by B.P. Orlov - M.: Military publishing house, 1989. - 223 p.; pp. 132, 134, 167, 168);

In block 6, a benchmark is created (Textbook of a sergeant of missile forces and artillery. For chiefs of computing teams: textbook / edited by O.I. Kuzin - M .: Military publishing house, 1990. - 227 p.; pp. 180-181);

In block 7, the results of creating a benchmark are processed (Theoretical foundations of ground artillery firing: textbook / Edited by A.S. Krukovsky. - M.: Ministry of Defense of the USSR, 1976. - 346 p.; pp. 98, 105-106), with this:

- on the FPU determine topographic data according to the coordinates of the CGR

- according to the adjusted aiming angle, they find in the firing tables the adjusted range according to the benchmark

направления

- with the help of a microcalculator, the adjusted range corrections are determined

directions

по данным метеоизмерений, проведенных непосредственно перед стрельбой (блок 3) в момент времени t₁ (Учебник сержанта ракетных войск и артиллерии. Для начальников вычислительных команд: учебник / под ред. О.И. Кузина - М.: Военное издательство, 1990. - 227 с.; стр. 112-118). Отличием этих расчетов, от расчетов, производимых в блоке 3, является использование в качестве опорных дальностей, дальности определенные в блоке 8

соответствующие топографическим дальностям ЦГР каждого репера для соответствующего заряда.In block 8, corrections are determined for the deviation of the meteorological conditions of firing and the temperature of the charges from the tabular firing conditions in range and direction

according to meteorological measurements taken immediately before firing (block 3) at time t_one (Textbook of a sergeant of missile forces and artillery. For chiefs of computing teams: textbook / edited by O.I. Kuzin - M .: Military publishing house, 1990. - 227 p.; pp. 112-118). The difference between these calculations and the calculations made in block 3 is the use as reference ranges, the ranges determined in block 8

corresponding to the topographic ranges of the CGR of each benchmark for the corresponding charge.

определяются:Corrections for the deviation of the meteorological conditions of firing and the temperature of the charges

are defined:

- поправки в дальность на:where

- range corrections for:

atmospheric pressure deviation; ballistic air temperature deviation; the longitudinal component of the ballistic wind; charge temperature deviation; geophysical conditions determined for the ranges of the CGR of each created benchmark on the corresponding charges (Textbook of a sergeant of missile forces and artillery. For heads of computing teams: textbook / edited by O.I. Kuzin - M .: Military publishing house, 1990. - 227 p .; pp. 112-118);

- поправки направления на: продольную слагающую баллистического ветра; геофизические условия, определенные для дальностей ЦГР каждого созданного репера на соответствующих зарядах (Учебник сержанта ракетных войск и артиллерии. Для начальников вычислительных команд: учебник / под ред. О.И. Кузина - М.: Военное издательство, 1990. - 227 с.; стр. 112-118); Z - деривация.

- direction corrections for: longitudinal component of the ballistic wind; geophysical conditions determined for the ranges of the CGR of each created benchmark on the corresponding charges (Textbook of a sergeant of missile forces and artillery. For heads of computing teams: textbook / edited by O.I. Kuzin - M .: Military publishing house, 1990. - 227 p .; pp. 112-118); Z - derivation.

In block 9, systematic corrections are determined

In block 10, the number of processed benchmarks is compared with i _required . If the number of processed reference points - i is less than the required value, then there is a transition to block 2. If the number of measured polar coordinates is equal to i _required , then there is a transition to block 11.

In the course of performing the tasks of shooting to kill in block 11, the instruments measure the meteorological conditions and the temperature of the charges at a given time t ₂ for the charges and ranges determined in block 8, while:

- with the help of a landing meteorological kit, deviations of the meteorological conditions of firing from the tabular ones are measured;

- battery thermometer measure the temperature of the charges;

- compose an approximate bulletin "Meteorological average";

по формулам (3,4) (Учебник сержанта ракетных войск и артиллерии. Для начальников вычислительных команд: учебник / под ред. О.И. Кузина - М.: Военное издательство, 1990. - 227 с.; стр. 10-11; Таблицы стрельбы для равнинных и горных условий 120-мм возимого миномета 2С12, ТС РГ №98 - М.: Межакадемическое издательство «Вооружение. Политика. Конверсия», 2002. - 431 с.; стр. 394; Учебник сержанта ракетных войск и артиллерии. Для начальников вычислительных команд: учебник / под ред. О.И. Кузина - М.: Военное издательство, 1990. - 227 с.; стр. 105-106, 112-118).with the help of PA, corrections are calculated for the deviation of meteorological and ballistic conditions of firing from the tabular conditions of firing

according to formulas (3.4) (Textbook of a sergeant of missile forces and artillery. For chiefs of computing teams: textbook / edited by O.I. Kuzin - M.: Military publishing house, 1990. - 227 p.; pp. 10-11; Firing tables for flat and mountainous conditions of a 120-mm portable mortar 2S12, TS RG No. 98 - M .: Interacademic publishing house "Armament. Politics. Conversion", 2002. - 431 p.; p. 394; Textbook for a sergeant of missile forces and artillery. For chiefs of computing teams: textbook / edited by O. I. Kuzin - M.: Military publishing house, 1990. - 227 p.; pp. 105-106, 112-118).

Block 12 compares the number of calculated corrections with i _required . If this number - i is less than required, then block 11 is executed for the corresponding charge and range. If it is equal to the required value, then the transition to block 13 is carried out.

дирекционного угла направления на цель

и угол места цели s_Ц:In block 13, topographic ranges are determined

directional angle of direction to the target

and the elevation angle of the target s _C :

- a rangefinder measures the directional angle to the target and the distance to the target;

- on the PUO, the rectangular coordinates of the target are determined, the topographic range and directional angle of the direction to the target are determined, the excess of the target over the firing position and its elevation angle are determined (Textbook of a sergeant of missile forces and artillery. For commanders of topographic and geodetic departments and topographic surveyors departments: textbook / ed. V G. Kryukov - M.: Military Publishing House, 1990. - 248 pp., pp. 36, 55, 166; Textbook of a sergeant of missile forces and artillery. For chiefs of computing teams: textbook / edited by O. I. Kuzin - M .: Military Publishing House, 1990. - 227 pp.; pp. 125-126; Preparation of shooting and fire control: textbook / Edited by V. I. Volobuev. - M .: Military Publishing House, 1987. - 376 pp.; p. 267).

для чего:In block 14, the total range and direction corrections for topographic data on the target are determined

for what:

- calculate the linear change of systematic range and direction corrections for topographic data on the target:

- дальности, на которых создавались реперы для одного заряда наибольший и наименьший, в пределах которого находится топографическая дальность по цели (блок 8);where

- ranges at which reference points were created for one charge, the largest and smallest, within which the topographic range of the target is located (block 8);

- систематические поправки дальности по созданным реперам на соответствующих дальностях (блок 10);

- systematic range corrections based on the created benchmarks at the corresponding ranges (block 10);

- систематические поправки направления по

- systematic direction corrections along

created benchmarks at the appropriate ranges (block 10).

- calculate the linear change in the corrections for the deviation of meteorological conditions and the temperature of the charges from the tabular firing conditions for topographic data on the target at time t ₂ :

- поправки дальности на отклонение метеорологических условий стрельбы и температуры зарядов для одного заряда на соответствующих дальностях;where

- range corrections for the deviation of the meteorological conditions of firing and the temperature of the charges for one charge at the corresponding ranges;

- поправки направления на отклонение метеорологических условий стрельбы и температуры зарядов для одного заряда на соответствующих дальностях.

- direction corrections for the deviation of the meteorological conditions of firing and the temperature of the charges for one charge at the corresponding ranges.

- determine the total range and direction correction

In block 15, the mortar is aimed at the target:

на прицельных приспособлениях выставляются исчисленные установки (Стрельба наземной артиллерии, кн. 1: учебник / под ред. Ф.С. Кузнецова. - М.: Военное издательство Министерства обороны СССР, 1969. - 368 с.; стр. 324, 328; Учебник сержанта ракетных войск и артиллерии. Для командиров орудий, минометов и боевых машин реактивной артиллерии: учебник / под ред. Б.П. Орлова - М.: Военное издательство, 1989. - 223 с.; стр. 166-169).- determine the calculated settings for shooting

calculated installations are set on sights (Shooting ground artillery, book 1: textbook / edited by F.S. Kuznetsov. - M .: Military publishing house of the USSR Ministry of Defense, 1969. - 368 p.; pp. 324, 328; Textbook for commanders of guns, mortars and rocket artillery combat vehicles: textbook / edited by B.P. Orlov - M.: Military publishing house, 1989. - 223 pp.; pp. 166-169).

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed method for determining installations for firing mortars was carried out by comparing the time interval required to complete the task according to the rules set forth in the prototype and according to the rules set forth in the claimed method, taking into account systematic amendments.

Limitations and assumptions adopted in the course of evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed method:

- one subdivision with standard equipment and a complex of control machines is involved in the preparation and fulfillment of tasks as intended;

- ammunition and charges used in the course of preparation and performance of tasks for the intended use of one batch;

- the unit involved in performing tasks in the prototype method and in the proposed method is identical;

- activities carried out by the subunit in the course of preparation for the tasks of shooting to kill are not taken into account.

To evaluate the effectiveness of the method for determining installations for firing from a mortar, the time spent at the firing position during the execution of shooting-to-kill tasks is estimated. The main results of the time parameters of the prototype method and the proposed method are presented in table 1.

The time interval for performing the task of shooting to kill using the prototype is:

the time interval for performing the task of shooting to kill using the proposed method will be:

The reduction in the interval of subunits being at the firing position is determined by the difference in time, taking into account activities in the time interval Δt ₁ (prototype method), and activities in the time interval Δt ₂ (proposed method):

In FIG. 2 shows the time interval, consisting of sections of the activities of the stay of the unit in the firing position when using the prototype method and the activities of the proposed method.

Thus, the technical problem is solved. The proposed method for determining installations for firing from mortars reduces the time interval for a unit to be in a firing position by eliminating additional shots and processing the results of firing.

Claims (1)

A method of preparing for the task of firing to kill from mortars, which consists in the fact that the topographic range to the target, the directional angle of direction to the target and the elevation angle of the target are determined on the fire control device, the settings for firing are calculated on the fire control device, the settings are implemented on sighting devices , fire a shot, characterized in that, in advance of the start of the tasks of firing to kill by means of reconnaissance, they measure the polar coordinates of the benchmark, create a benchmark with a mortar, process the results of the creation of the benchmark on the fire control device, use an artillery corrector to determine corrections for the deviation of meteorological conditions of firing and charge temperature from the tabular firing conditions, systematic corrections are determined using a computer program, in the course of performing the tasks of shooting to kill with instruments, the meteorological conditions of firing and the temperature of the charges are measured, using a computer program, the sum ry amendments.

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