RU2453790C1 - Method of shooting with artillery shells from closed firing positions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: method involves determining map range to a target, the direction angle of the target and the position angle of the target, calculating adjustments to range and direction based on firing weather conditions and the predicted initial velocity of a shell V₀, calculating firing settings using firing tables, orienting weapons, realising settings and firing. If there are no apparatus for measuring weather conditions, no data for predicting the initial velocity of a shell V₀ and apparatus for accurate orientation of weapons, two auxiliary firings are carried out in a direction. The deviation values of explosions from aiming marks are determined and then used to calculate values of range and side wind velocity W_x, W_z, the deviation of the initial velocity of a shell from the table value ΔV₀ and the orientation error Δα. Firing settings for all subsequent firings are calculated based on the obtained values W_x, W_z, ΔV₀,Δα using firing tables.

EFFECT: higher accuracy of firing when there are not apparatus for measuring weather conditions, no data for predicting initial velocity of a shell and apparatus for accurate orientation of weapons.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of weapons, in particular to firing artillery shells from closed fire positions.

An analogue of the invention is a method of accounting for meteorological conditions of fire, presented in the method of firing unguided shells from closed fire positions [1] [Patent RU No. 2236665 of 08/20/2002 IPC 7 F41G 3/16 - Method of firing of unguided shells from closed fire positions] . This method involves measuring the radial velocity of the projectile in the initial portion of the trajectory, which allows us to estimate the effect on the flight of the projectile of real air density and longitudinal wind speed, and then use this estimate to predict the trajectory and adjust the firing. The main disadvantage of this method is the inability to correct errors in the lateral direction. In addition, the accuracy of range adjustment decreases rapidly with increasing firing range.

As a prototype, the method of firing unguided projectiles from closed fire positions based on full training [2] ["Rules for firing and controlling artillery fire (division, battery, platoon, gun (PS and UO-83)", Part 1. Moscow, Military Publishing House, was chosen) , 1984].

Method [2] for firing artillery shells from closed fire positions includes:

- determination of the topographic range to the target, the directional angle of direction to the target and the excess of the target over the firing position;

- measurement of the meteorological conditions of firing by a weather station, prediction of the initial velocity of the projectile V ₀ ;

- calculation of corrections to the range and direction according to the meteorological conditions of the shooting and the predicted V ₀ ;

- calculation of firing settings based on topographic data, taking into account amendments to firing conditions using firing tables;

- tool orientation;

- implementation of installations;

- production of a shot.

Complete training is the main way to identify installations for firing artillery shells. However, in some cases, its use is impossible due to the incomplete volume and insufficient accuracy of the above initial data on the shooting conditions.

Then, according to [2], installations for shooting are determined by the methods of reduced or eye training. At the same time, the increase in errors compared with full preparation reaches 3-4 times, which increases the consumption of ammunition and the execution time of the fire mission. The main contribution to the increase in shooting errors is made by:

- neglect of wind in the atmosphere where the projectile is flying,

- forecasting error V ₀ due to the lack of objective data on the wear of the gun and the properties of the batch of propellant charges,

- large errors in the orientation of the guns in the absence or poor alignment of orientation tools.

In this regard, it is urgent to develop methods for reducing shooting errors caused by the lack of data on the speed and direction of the wind in the atmosphere layer where the projectile is flying, ignorance of the deviation V ₀ from the tabulated value and gun orientation errors.

The objective of the invention is to reduce errors of firing from closed firing positions in the absence of data on the speed and direction of the wind in the atmosphere layer where the projectile is flying, and not knowing the deviation V ₀ from the table value and the orientation errors of the guns.

The problem is achieved in that in the method of firing artillery shells from closed fire positions, including determining the topographic range to the target, the directional angle of the direction to the target and the elevation angle of the target, calculating the corrections to the range and direction according to the meteorological conditions of shooting and the predicted V ₀ , calculation firing installations using firing tables, gun orientation, implementation of installations, firing shots, the new thing is that in the absence of means for measuring weather conditions, obstacle data for predicting the muzzle velocity V _0, and means the exact orientation guns produce two auxiliary shot differing in the direction determined deviation discontinuities of aiming points, the obtained deviations calculated values of the velocity of longitudinal and lateral wind W _X, W _Z, muzzle velocity deviation by tabular value ΔV ₀ and orientation error Δα, based on the obtained values W _X, W _Z, ΔV _0, Δα via firing tables are calculated for all firing installation Later Click x shots.

The values of W _X , W _Z , ΔV ₀ , Δα are calculated by the formula:

,

,

- вектор определяемых параметров,Where

is the vector of the determined parameters,

,

,

where β is the angle between the firing directions of the ^1st and ^2nd shots,

,

,

- чувствительности дальности X₁, Х₂ и бокового направления Z₁, Z₂ к действию соответствующих факторов (частные производные) из Таблиц стрельбы [3],

,

,

- the sensitivity of the range X ₁ , X ₂ and the lateral direction Z ₁ , Z ₂ to the action of the relevant factors (partial derivatives) from the shooting tables [3],

X is the firing range.

- вектор отклонений от точек прицеливания 1^го и 2^го выстрелов по дальности и направлению,

- the vector of deviations from the aiming points of the ^1st and ^2nd shots in range and direction,

.

.

The technical result of the invention is achieved due to the fact that the determination of the projections of the longitudinal velocity W _X and lateral W _Z wind, deviations V ₀ from the tabular values and refinement of orientation is based on indirect data, according to the observation of deviations of projectile breaks from the aiming point. For this purpose, two shots are carried out, differing in direction by the angle β (Fig. 1), and the deviations of the gaps from the aiming points are determined.

The method is illustrated in graphic material (figure 1, figure 2, figure 3, figure 4).

Figure 1 shows the directions of the first and second shots and the angle between them P, as well as the axis of the coordinate systems, where

O - the standing point of the gun;

OX ₁ , OZ ₁ , OX ₂ , OZ ₂ are the axes of the coordinate systems OX ₁ Z ₁ , OX ₂ Z _2, respectively;

A ₁ - the first aiming point;

And ₂ - the second aiming point;

- вектор скорости ветра;

- wind speed vector;

W _X - longitudinal wind speed;

W _Z - side wind speed;

B ₁ - the first break point;

In ₂ - the second break point.

Figure 2, 3, 4 shows, respectively, the standard deviation of the errors in determining the longitudinal and lateral winds, deviations of the initial velocity and orientation errors of the projectile depending on the angle β. Errors of determining the same factors in a known manner are also given there [2].

Projections on the coordinate axis of the deviations of the gaps of the first and second shots from the aiming points (figure 1) can be represented in the form of equations:

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

where ΔV ₀ is the deviation of the initial velocity of the projectile from the table value,

Δα is the error in the angle of horizontal guidance of the gun, caused by the error in the orientation of the gun,

X ₁ , X ₂ - firing range of the first and second shots.

Equations (1) are presented in matrix form:

,i.e

,

The values of W _X , W _Z , ΔV ₀ and Δα, based on equation (2), are calculated by the formula:

where A ^-1 is the matrix inverse of A.

The obtained values allow us to determine the installation for firing subsequent shells.

Obtained as a result of the application of the proposed method, data on the firing conditions allow firing with accuracy no worse than when fully prepared, with an arbitrary location of targets relative to the gun (not only near the breakpoints of 2 sighting shots), any type of ammunition, including guided munitions designed to hit from a 1st shot.

Let's evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method.

Differentiating (3), we obtain the dependence for calculating the error vector for determining W _X , W _Z , ΔV ₀ and Δα.

- вектор погрешности определения отклонений

.Where

- vector of error in determining deviations

.

Errors δX ₁ , δZ ₁ , δX ₂ , δZ ₂ are independent random variables.

Denote:

соответственно.where r _ij , δX _j are the elements of the matrix A ^-1 and the vector

respectively.

The error in determining the ith factor (i = 1 ... 4), as follows from (4), are found according to

The variance of the error in determining the ith factor:

The independence of errors δX _j implies that the moment corrections M (δX _j δX _k ) are equal to zero for j ≠ k. Then (7) takes the form:

.where σ _δX is the standard deviation of the errors in determining the deviations

.

The error in determining W _X , W _Z , ΔV ₀ and Δα by the proposed method depends on the angle β. For example, for β = 0, the determinant of matrix A is zero, since the first and third, second and fourth rows of A coincide. That is,

.

.

The graphs of the dependences of the errors σ _Fi (β) are presented in FIGS. 2-4, where, as an example, the case of firing from 122 mm D-30 howitzers at a range of X ₁ = X ₂ = 15 km is considered.

,

,

. Для σ_δX примем характерную при использовании радиолокационных средств артиллерийской разведки величину 25 м.According to the shooting tables [3].

,

,

. For σ _δX, we take the characteristic value of 25 m when using radar artillery reconnaissance.

For comparison, the same graphs show the errors in determining the same factors in a known manner [2]. Subject to the conditions prescribed in [2] for the full preparation method ([2], p. 54, 55), according to [4], the error in determining the wind will be 2.6 m / s (p. 51), the error in determining the deviation of the initial velocity is 0.74% (p. 58), the error in determining orientation errors is 0.0031 rad (p. 38).

As can be seen in the presented figures 2, 3 and 4, the proposed method with values of the angle P exceeding 30 ° -40 ° allows us to estimate the values of meteorological data with accuracy no worse than when using the known preparation method [2]. At β = 60 °, the accuracy of the assessment of meteorological data by the proposed method increases ≈ 2 times in comparison with the known preparation method [2].

1. Patent RU No. 2236665 of 08/20/2002, IPC 7 F41G 3/16 - Method of firing of unguided shells from closed fire positions.

2. "The rules of firing and fire control of artillery (division, battery, platoon, gun) (PS and UO-83)." Part 1. Moscow, Military Publishing House, 1984

3. "The shooting table of the 122-mm howitzer D-30." Moscow, Military Publishing House of the USSR Ministry of Defense, 1978

4. "Manual on the study of the rules of shooting and fire control of artillery (division, battery, platoon, gun)" Part 1. Moscow, Military Publishing House, 1985

Claims (2)

1. A method of firing artillery shells from closed firing positions, including determining the topographic range to the target, the directional angle of the direction to the target and the elevation angle of the target, calculating the corrections to the range and direction according to the meteorological conditions of firing and the projected initial velocity of the projectile V _o , calculation of the firing settings using shooting tables, gun orientation, implementation of installations, firing shots, characterized in that in the absence of meteorological measurement tools, lack of data To predict the muzzle velocity Vo and means of accurately orienting guns produce two auxiliary shot differing in the direction determined deviation discontinuities of aiming points, the obtained deviations calculated values of the velocity of longitudinal and lateral wind W _X, W _Z, deviation muzzle velocity from the table value ΔV ₀ and orientation error Δα, based on the obtained values of W _X , W _Z , ΔV ₀ , Δα using shooting tables calculate the shooting settings for all subsequent shots. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the values of W _X , W _Z , ΔV ₀ , Δα are calculated by the formula:

Where

is the vector of the determined parameters,

,
where β is the angle between the directions of fire of the 1st and 2nd shots;

,

,

- sensitivity ranges X ₁ , X ₂ and lateral directions Z ₁ , Z ₂ to the action of the relevant factors from the shooting tables;
X is the firing range;

- the vector of deviations from the aiming points of the 1st and 2nd shots in range and direction,

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