RU2345312C1 - Battle complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weaponry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to military equipment. The complex comprises the following components connected in series, i.e. a sight, a summation unit and a gun-launcher guiding drive, a ballistic computer with the manual correction unit, a ballistics transducer, a laser range finder and a wind sensor connected to appropriate inputs of the ballistics computer, as well as a guided shell guidance system. Note that the complex additionally incorporates the pickup of the angle of departure of guided shell from the aiming line, and following components connected in series, i.e., an angle pickup, a mismatch pickup, a firing sector selection unit, a memory unit, a correction unit, a signal conditioning unit, an inverter and a key. New added components allow increasing guided shell firing efficiency by 5 to 10% on the average, while in conditions of a mountain-deserted areas or uneven terrain, the efficiency increases by over 15%.

EFFECT: higher shooting efficiency.

1 dwg

Description

The proposed weapons complex relates to military equipment, and more specifically to complexes installed on moving objects: tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, ships, helicopters, etc. Such complexes allow automating processes of accounting for firing conditions, determining angles of aiming and lateral lead, as well as introduction of amendments to the position of weapons at the time of the shot.

The weapon systems of the tanks of the first post-war generation T-55 and T-62 are known (see, for example, “Manual on the material part and operation of the T-55 tank.” Military Publishing, M., 1965). Each of the weapon systems of these tanks contains a control panel, automated gun barrel pointing drives in the vertical and horizontal planes with their inclusion unit and weapon stabilizer with a dependent aiming line. The effectiveness of these complexes is quite high. It is provided by the introduction of automated gun barrel guidance drives in two planes. The achievable hit probability is not less than 50%. However, these complexes are characterized by disadvantages. Alignment with the target of the dependent aiming line associated with armament leads to the fact that the tracking errors for the target are determined by disturbances acting on the armament, which are large (in the horizontal plane they reach 2 etc. when shooting on the move). In addition, when used in desert, mountain-desert and coastal areas, the accuracy of firing by all types of shells may additionally (up to 1 etc. or more) deteriorate. This is because in these areas due to the high heating temperature (up to 60 degrees) of the underlying surface, powerful ascending air currents arise above it (see, for example, Savkin LS, Lebedev BD Meteorology and artillery shooting. M. , Military Publishing House, 1974, pp. 10-14), deflecting projectiles in flight in height from the line of sight.

It should also be noted that the range measurement in these complexes is carried out using rangefinder scales, which leads to a large error (more than 10% of the measured range) of its measurement, and therefore the error in determining the aiming angles and lateral lead. Therefore, when shooting from T-55 and T-62 tanks, the probability of hitting, as a rule, does not exceed 50%, and the effective fire range is only 1400-1600 m.

The T-80B tank armament complex is also known (see, for example, the T-80B tank. TO and IE. Book 1. M., Military Publishing House, 1984, pp. 46-95). This complex on the technical essence and essential features is the closest to the claimed and adopted for its prototype. At the same time, it is the basic object of the proposed complex and contains serially connected control panel, sight, summing unit and guiding gun - launcher guidance, ballistic computer, the output of which is connected to the second input of the summing unit, the manual corrections block, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding ones according to the number of corrections the first inputs of the ballistic computer, ballistic sensor, laser rangefinder and wind sensor, the output of each of which is connected respectively to the second, t the network and the fourth inputs of the ballistic computer, as well as a guided missile guidance system, including a coordinated projectile weight compensation unit and a coordinator connected in series, the input of which is connected to the second output of the sight, a control signal generation device, an additional summing unit, the second input of which is connected to the output of the compensation unit the weight of a guided projectile, a device for generating a command of command and a command line associated with the input of a guided projectile, output to which is optically coupled to the second input of the sight.

The effectiveness of this complex compared to the previous one has increased significantly. The range of effective artillery fire increased to 2200-2500 m, and the range of the additional missile introduced - up to 4000 m, which was achieved primarily through the implementation of an independent aiming line, automatic input of basic corrections, inclusion of guided projectiles (missiles) in the ammunition, and in the control system by fire - their guidance systems, as well as the introduction of a number of additional elements, for example, a ballistic computer, a manual corrections unit, a wind sensor, a laser rangefinder, an aim with a stabilizer line is aimed and with a ballistic sensor (artillery shells and guided projectiles), etc. The introduced elements made it possible to formulate a number of corrections when firing, with the exception of adjustments for the deviation of artillery shells and guided missiles in height from the aiming line when they are flying in an ascending (descending) air flow, which, due to this, can amount to 0.4 etc. when firing all types of artillery shells and guided shells and more. According to the experience of military operations in Afghanistan and Chechnya, this deviation due to the powerful vertical air currents characteristic of mountainous and desert regions can reach even greater magnitude. It should also be noted that in the complex under consideration when firing guided projectiles in the initial section, the projectile is not controlled despite holding the aiming mark on the target. During this time, the guided projectile under the influence of air currents can move away from the aiming line up to the exit from the capture zone (both in the vertical and horizontal planes). This not only complicates the formation of the appropriate teams at the initial stage, but also increases the likelihood of losing control, introducing significant uncertainty and tension during the shot.

The aim of the present invention is to increase the effectiveness of the weapons complex and eliminate the above disadvantages by compensating for deviations of guided projectiles in the capture zone arising from the action of air currents and other disturbances.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in an armament complex containing a series-connected control panel, a sight, a summation unit and a gun-launcher guidance guidance drive, a ballistic computer whose output is connected to the second input of the summation unit, a manual corrections unit, the outputs of which are connected by the number of corrections to the corresponding first inputs of the ballistic computer, ballistic sensor, laser range finder and wind sensor, the output of each of which is connected respectively to the second, third the fourth inputs of the ballistic computer, as well as the guidance system of guided projectiles, including a weight compensation unit for the guided projectile and a coordinator connected in series, the input of which is connected to the second output of the sight, a control signal generating device, an additional summing unit, the second input of which is connected to the output of the weight control unit a projectile, a control command generating apparatus and a command transmission line coupled to an input of a guided projectile, the output of which is It is optically coupled to the second input of the sight, an additional sensor for deflecting the guided projectile from the aiming line at the time of its capture by the guidance system is installed, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the coordinator, and the second to the second output of the control signal conditioning device, the angle sensor, the mismatch sensor are installed in series , the second and third inputs of which are connected respectively with the third output of the sight and the second output of the laser rangefinder, a unit for selecting a firing sector, a memory unit devices, the second and third inputs of which are connected respectively with the output of the sensor for the deviation of the guided projectile from the aiming line at the time of its capture by the guidance system and with the second output of the mismatch sensor, a correction unit, a matching device, an inverter and a key, the second input of which is connected to the second output of the sensor ballistics, and the output is with the second input of the adder.

The introduction of new elements and connections allows us to obtain and use new information about the firing conditions (about the magnitude and direction of deflection of the guided projectile at the moment of its capture by the guidance system caused by the action of air currents and other disturbances) and adjust weapon control by improving the initial conditions, which provides an increase firing efficiency, in particular, by increasing the accuracy of determining and setting the aiming angles (elevation) and lateral anticipation of the gun barrel - launch installation for various types of guided projectiles used and firing conditions, as well as correction of flight control commands in the initial section.

The proposed technical solution is illustrated by the drawing, which shows the relative position and relationship of the elements of the proposed weapons complex and the following notation:

1 - control panel (PU),

2 - sight (Pr),

3 - block summation (C),

4 - drive guidance guns - launcher (PN),

5 - gun - launcher (O),

6 - block manual corrections (PDU),

7 - ballistic computer (BV),

8 - key (C),

9 - wind sensor (LW),

10 - laser range finder (LD),

11 - ballistic sensor (DB),

12 - mismatch sensor (DR),

13 - angle sensor (remote control),

14 - inverter (I),

15 - block selection of the firing sector (BVS),

16 - block storage devices (BZU),

17 - correction block (BC),

18 - matching device (SU),

19 - sensor deviation of a guided projectile (TO),

20 - block compensation weight controlled projectile (BKV),

21 - guided projectile (CSS),

22 - coordinator (K),

23 - a device for generating a control signal (UFS),

24 - additional block summation (DS),

25 is a device for the formation of a management team (UFC),

26 - command transmission line (LPC).

Blocks 1-7, 9-11, 20-25 are standard blocks of the prototype and perform the same functions. The key 8 is designed in such a way that provides the connection of block 14 when the ballistic sensor is turned on in the firing position by a guided projectile. The inclusion of block 8 is possible by the operator and manually, which is sometimes necessary when monitoring and tuning the weapon system, when a new type of guided projectile is included in the ammunition, etc.

Design features of the execution of blocks 12-19 are widely known (see, for example, "Fundamentals of automation and tank automatic systems." M., VABTV, 1976, p. 508-519). The mismatch sensor 12 generates at its output a signal proportional to the angular mismatch between the direction of the aiming line, which is set by the aiming line stabilizer located in the sight 2, and the direction specified by the angle sensor 13. In contrast to the standard angle sensor used to aim the aiming line and, therefore, periodically changing the position of the given directions in space, the angle sensor 13 does not change the position of the stabilized direction in space, that is, we stabilize ie it is the basic direction. The inverter 14 is used for its intended purpose and changes the polarity of the signal from the output of block 17 to the opposite. Block selection of the firing sector 15 provides a determination of the magnitude of the signals received from block 12, their evaluation and distribution, depending on their size, by the corresponding storage devices of block 16. Practice shows that a reasonable angular size of one sector should be within 10-15 degrees. Its increase can lead to inaccuracy in taking into account external conditions, in particular, the effect of a crosswind, and a decrease can lead to complication of measuring equipment. The storage unit 16 provides each firing sector with its “own” storage device, which “remembers” the deviation of the guided projectile with each shot in this sector. The correction unit 17 provides the correction of the signal coming from the output of a particular device depending on the characteristics of the fired projectile, including its type. The matching device 18 is made so that it matches the signal from block 17 with the operating characteristics of the summing unit 3 and the gun guidance launcher 4. The deviation sensor of the guided projectile 19 is made similar to a standard sensor, but in contrast to the latter, a signal is generated at its output , corresponding to the deviation of the guided projectile from the line of sight only at the moment of capture of the guided projectile by the guidance system. The remaining (current) deviations of the guided projectile by block 19 are not skipped.

The proposed weapon system works as follows.

The crew of the object, having determined (or having found out from the weather report in advance) the deviations of the shooting conditions from the tabular ones, enters them through the regular manual corrections block 6 into the ballistic computer 7. Meanwhile, the gunner (operator), observing the battlefield through the sight 2, detects the target, determines the type the ammunition for its destruction and sets the ballistic sensor 11 to the appropriate position, information about which is fed to the input of the ballistic computer 7. If the firing is carried out by a guided projectile, then the signal from the second output of the ballistic sensor It is also applied to the second input of block 8, including it. Then the gunner (operator) combines the aim with the aiming mark of the sight 2 using the controls on the control panel 1 and presses the range measurement button. In this case, the laser range finder 10 is triggered and information about the distance to the target Дc is supplied to the input of block 7, and information that the aiming line is aligned with the target (since the distance to it is measured) is sent to block 12, which measures the mismatch between the aiming line and a basic angle sensor 13. Based on the measured mismatch value, the memory unit (in the memory unit 16) is determined using the firing sector selection unit 15, in which the angular value of the firing direction and children remember the angular value of the deviation of the guided projectile when it is captured by the guidance system.

Next, the gunner charges the cannon launcher 5 by pressing the “MZ” loading mechanism button, and the wind sensor 9 is triggered, and information about the lateral wind speed in the area of the firing position of the weapon complex (tank, infantry fighting vehicle, armored personnel carrier, etc.) is received ballistic computer 7. In block 7, the signals from blocks 6, 9-11 are converted according to well-known algorithms (see, for example, "Fundamentals of automation and tank automatic systems." M., VABTV, 1976, p. 508-519) into signals, corresponding to the angles of aiming (elevation) and lead for these conditions firing, which are then fed into the summation unit 3 (each in its own channel: vertical and horizontal guidance).

At the first shot by a guided projectile in a given sector (direction) of fire, the values of the aiming angles and lateral lead are not adjusted, since the storage device does not contain information about the deflection of the guided projectile at the time of its capture (the signal at the output of key 8 is zero). During a subsequent shot in the same sector, the signal at the output of key 8 will correspond to the deviation of the guided projectile at the moment of its capture during the previous shot and with the polarity changed by block 14 will be fed through key 8 to summing unit 3. Previously, in matching device 18, this signal is consistent with the operating characteristics of the summing unit 3 and the gun guidance missile launcher 4. In the summing unit 3, the signals from blocks 7 and 8 are summed up and the resulting signal corresponding to the specified signals is generated m aiming angles (elevations) and lateral anticipation, which are fed to block 4, and in accordance with the received signal, correction of the position of the gun barrel - launcher 5 relative to the aiming line is provided.

After the launch, the guided projectile 21 first performs an uncontrolled flight. For each specific weapon system, the duration of an uncontrolled flight is almost constant and is determined by the time from the moment the guided missile leaves until it is captured by the guidance system and the control begins. For the guidance system of guided weapons systems 9K112-1 of T-80B targets, this time is about 1.5 s. At the end of it, the guided projectile falls into the field of view of sight 2 with a certain degree of probability and the field of view of coordinator 24 adjusted to it. Co-ordinator 24, in the event of capture of the guided projectile, provides a signal corresponding to its deviation from the aiming line and feeds it to the input of the signal conditioning device control 25, which amplifies and corrects the control signal and feeds it to an additional adder 26, where the generated control signal is summed with compensation signals the weight of the guided projectile generated by the unit 20. The total signal is supplied to the control command generation device 33, where it is converted, encrypted and, in the form of a control command, is transmitted through the command transmission line 34 to the projectile control equipment 35, which, under the action of the received command, moves to the aiming line, than and the mismatch between him and the line of sight is eliminated.

Preliminary calculations show that the firing efficiency under the considered conditions using the proposed weapon system can be increased by 10-15%, and when firing in mountainous desert areas with powerful vertical air (especially ascending) streams, the firing efficiency increases by more than 20% ( when firing guided projectiles). In addition, when firing a guided projectile, the reliability of its capture is increased by introducing amendments to the gun’s drive - a launcher that compensates for the deviation of the projectile in the initial uncontrolled (ballistic) section of the trajectory and reduces the risk of its leaving the field of view of coordinator 24. This increases reliability and complex. The introduction of these amendments ensures the preservation of the firing efficiency of guided missiles under the conditions of unpredictable air flows at the same level as in normal firing conditions.

Claims (1)

An armament complex containing a control panel, a sight, a summing unit, and a gun-launcher guidance guidance drive, a ballistic computer, the output of which is connected to the second input of the summing unit, a manual corrections unit, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding first inputs of the ballistic computer by the number of corrections, ballistic sensor, laser rangefinder and wind sensor, the output of each of which is connected respectively to the second, third and fourth inputs of the ballistic a calculator, as well as a guided projectile guidance system, including a coordinated projectile weight compensation unit and a coordinator connected in series, the input of which is connected to the second sight output, a control signal generating device, an additional summing unit, the second input of which is connected to the output of the guided projectile weight compensation unit, device the formation of the control team and the command transmission line, coupled to the input of a guided projectile, the output of which is optically coupled to the second input when ate, characterized in that it is equipped with a sensor for the deviation of the guided projectile from the aiming line at the time of its capture by the guidance system, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the coordinator, and the second to the second output of the control signal conditioning device, sequentially installed by an angle sensor, a mismatch sensor, the second and third inputs of which are connected respectively with the third output of the sight and the second output of the laser rangefinder, the unit for selecting the firing sector, the block of storage devices, the second the first and third inputs of which are connected respectively to the output of the sensor for the deviation of the guided projectile from the aiming line at the time of its capture by the guidance system and to the second output of the mismatch sensor, a correction unit, a matching device, an inverter and a key, the second input of which is connected to the second output of the ballistic sensor, and output - with the second input of the adder.