RU2674037C1 - Method of surface-to-air projectiles firing to air targets - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: military equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the military equipment, and in particular to methods of conducting combat against aerial targets using artillery ammunition. Invention can also be used during the anti-aircraft missiles and shells remote fuses development. Anti-aircraft shells firing method implementation consists in the following. With the air target detection, the firing artillery unit determines the target coordinates and its movement parameters using various tools. Using known techniques based on the obtained data on the target and the selected parameters of firing with artillery gun, calculating the projectile detonation zone location with respect to the target. At that, calculating the target altitude H. For a given target altitude H, using measurements and calculations calculating the atmospheric pressure value P_n in the projectile assumed explosion zone. To calculate the pressure, performing the atmospheric parameters instrumental measurements are in the gun area, namely, measuring the pressure P₀ and temperature T₀. According to known data, determining the air temperature T_n at the altitude of N. Pressure P_n is calculated using the known barometric formula by the measurement data and other environmental parameters substitution into this formula. Calculated value of atmospheric pressure in the area of target P_n is entered into the projectile fuse with the help of the installer in the form of mission data. In the projectile installing the fuse with the static atmospheric pressure measuring device. This device main element is the pressure sensor. After the shot, using the pressure sensor performing the pressure in the projectile zone continuous measurement. Comparing the measured value with the pressure P_n, entered into the fuse computer as the mission data. At the time of the measured pressure reaching the P_n value the fuse issues impulse for the projectile detonation.

EFFECT: invention allows to increase the an anti-aircraft projectile detonation accuracy at the calculated location.

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Description

The invention relates to military equipment, and in particular, to methods of dealing with air targets using artillery ammunition. The invention can also be used to create remote fuses for anti-aircraft missiles and shells.

Known methods of firing at air targets using anti-aircraft shells equipped with remote fuses. With such firing, the projectile’s flight time to the meeting point with the target is determined using the artillery fire control system. Enter the value of this time in the memory of the remote fuse using the installer. Produce a shot. After a set period of time, the fuse issues a command to detonate the projectile.

Currently, several types of remote fuses are used, using various devices for counting the response time. In practice, mainly three types are used, namely:

- pyrotechnic devices, the desired response time in them is set by the burning time of the pyrotechnic composition, for example, the fuse B-90 (http://mybiblioteka.su/tom2/10-128623.html)

- devices with clockwork, for example, DVM-60M1 fuse (http://zonwar.ru/news2/news_243_AK-130.html);

- electronic timers, for example, 3V51 fuse (Kuznetsov N.S., Prospects for the use of remote explosive devices // Scientific and Technical Collection of the State Research Center of the Russian Federation FSUE TsNIIHM named after DI Mendeleev // Ammunition, No. 1, 2016, p. 64-68).

Entering the required time value into the fuse is carried out using the installer. As a rule, in a pyrotechnic fuse (remote tube) and in a fuse with a clock mechanism, time is entered using a rotary mechanism installed in the fuse. In this case, the angle of rotation of the mounting ring on the fuse determines the desired period of time. In electronic remote fuses, the right time is entered using inductive installers. In this case, the desired time is encoded by a certain number of pulses.

A common drawback of methods of detonating a projectile with the help of temporary remote devices is that at the moment of projectile detonation at a given point, the actual parameters of firing a particular projectile affect, namely:

- specific projectile speed, which differs from that used in the calculation of time;

- a specific elevation angle of the gun barrel when fired;

specific start time of the time interval and a number of others.

All of these factors in the process of shooting change and affect the accuracy of shooting.

The proposed technical solution is free from these shortcomings. The positive effect, namely, increasing the accuracy of the detonation of an anti-aircraft projectile in a calculated place, is ensured by the fact that the atmospheric pressure in the projection zone is not the time, but the time that determines the moment of detonation of the projectile.

It is known that the air pressure in the Earth’s atmosphere decreases with increasing distance from its surface. This effect is proposed to be used in the considered technical solution, since anti-aircraft shells are used for firing at targets located at different heights.

Implementation of the proposed method of firing anti-aircraft shells is as follows. When an air target is detected, the firing artillery unit using various tools (goniometers, rangefinders, etc.) determines the coordinates of the target and its movement parameters (direction, flight speed, etc.). Using well-known techniques, based on the received data on the target, and the selected parameters for firing artillery, calculate the location of the projectile explosion zone with respect to the target. In this case, calculate the height of the target N. For a given height of the target H using measurements and calculations, calculate the value of atmospheric pressure P _n in the zone of the alleged detonation of the projectile. To calculate the pressure, instrumental measurements of atmospheric parameters in the gun zone are performed, namely, pressure P ₀ and temperature T ₀ are measured. According to well-known data, for example, given in the work (Kuznetsov N.S. Proposals for creating remote fuses // Scientific and Technical Collection of the SSC of the Russian Federation FSUE TsNIIHM named after DI Mendeleev // Ammunition, No. 1, 2018, p. 13-18) determine the air temperature T _n at a height of N. The pressure P _{n is} calculated using a known barometric formula by substituting the measurement data and known medium parameters in this formula. The formula for determining pressure is:

P _n = P ₀ exp (-MgH / RT _cp ),

where M is the molar mass of air, g is the acceleration of gravity, H is the height difference between the target and the gun, R is the universal gas constant, T _cf is the average temperature (in Kelvin degrees), determined from the relation T _cf = (T ₀ + T _m ) / 2. Known parameters of the environment have the following values - M = 29 grams / mol, R _c = 8.31 Joule / mol * K, g = 9.81 m / s ² .

The calculated value of atmospheric pressure in the target zone P _n is introduced into the projectile fuse with the help of the installer in the form of a flight task.

A fuse is installed in the projectile with a device for measuring static atmospheric pressure. The main element of this device is a pressure sensor. Various devices can be used as a pressure sensor, for example, a piezo-resistive miniature sensor MPX4115A manufactured by Motorola.

A pressure sensor is installed inside the fuse. Communication with the atmosphere is through a hole extending to the side surface of the fuse. Moreover, the hole is located in the area of the fuse, not subject to the dynamic effects of air flow during the movement of the projectile. As a rule, such a zone is chosen on the basis of experiments on purging the model of a fuse in a wind tunnel.

After the shot, pressure is continuously measured in the projectile area using a pressure sensor. The measured value is compared with the pressure P _n entered in the calculator of the fuse as a flight task. When the measured pressure reaches the value of P _{n the} fuse gives an impulse to detonate the projectile.

The above information about the claimed invention, characterized in an independent claim, indicates the possibility of its implementation using the described in the application and known means and methods. Therefore, the claimed method meets the condition of industrial applicability.

Claims (1)

The method of firing anti-aircraft shells at aerial targets, which consists in using the tools to determine the location of the air target and the direction of its movement, calculate the location of the projectile detonation zone in relation to the target, and using the installer of the artillery gun fire control system, enter information into the fuse of the anti-aircraft shell about the moment of detonation of an anti-aircraft projectile, produce a shot, characterized in that before the shot determine the height of the target in relation to the instrumental media the air pressure at this altitude is calculated, using the installer enter information on the value of this pressure into the projectile fuse, make a shot, use a device for measuring pressure installed in the projectile fuse, continuously measure the air pressure in the projectile area, compare the value of the measured pressure entered as a flight task, when these values coincide with the help of a fuse, the projectile is detonated.