RU2513629C1 - System of grenade launcher control /versions/ - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to portable and movable launching devices and to armed missiles, namely, to grenade launchers of all calibres, to launching plants of ground and air basing, to long rifles, to artillery when firing under conditions of visual visibility. The system of grenade launcher control comprises a laser range finder, the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of a processor or a memory unit, has a wind sensor, a sensor of atmospheric pressure and a sensor of gravity force, at the same time it comprises an auxiliary source of distance signals, which includes three buttons, single pressing of two of them adds or cuts the measured distance, and long-term pressing starts increment change, besides, the adjustment is reflected in the field of vision of the optical sight, and the third button zeroes the manual adjustment, and these buttons are arranged above the thumb of the right hand at the left side of the rear handle.

EFFECT: higher accuracy of firing.

4 cl

Description

The invention relates to portable and mobile launchers and to combat missiles, namely to grenade launchers of all calibers, to ground and air-based launchers, to sniper rifles, to artillery when firing in conditions of visual visibility.

Known grenade launchers, consisting of a warhead and a rocket engine, see, for example, the Internet, Wikipedia, RPG-7, the aiming device of which is a hinged frame. But the accuracy of shooting from them is small. At the current level of rocket technology, it is not a problem to deliver a warhead to any distance, the problem is to get there! You can release 100 grenades and not hit once, but with a good control system you can hit from the first or second shot. Achievements of electronics made it possible to make a cheap and easy system for determining range and calculating elevation angle and flight time.

Serial samples and designs of grenade launchers having a laser rangefinder and trajectory calculator, and grenades with a fuse timer are known, see Pat. No. RU 2240485.

The objective and technical result of this invention is to increase the accuracy of shooting and the ability to detonate a grenade in the air at a given point.

OPTION 1. For grenade flight within direct fire (grenade flight in a straight line according to my separate invention, Pat. No. RU 2499973) setting elevation angles is not necessary, but it will not be superfluous to amend the wind, high altitude (that is, atmospheric pressure), air temperature (i.e., its density), charge temperature (i.e., its burning rate), elevation or decrease angle, gravity at a given location, and the correction for the Earth's rotation. All corrections should be made taking into account the distance to the object, behind which or in front of which the enemy is hiding, that is, it is possible - in the distance itself. These indicators will affect the direction of direct flight (above-below, left-right). They will slightly affect the straightness of the flight path, but this influence is of a lesser order and can be neglected. Theoretically, a correction should be made for the Coriolis acceleration, but within the line of sight it is insignificant in comparison with others, and it can also be neglected.

Based on the foregoing, the grenade launcher control system consists of a laser rangefinder, the output of which is connected to the input of the processor or memory unit, and the latter is also connected to the input of the latter: manual range corrector and sensors or sensors of the following parameters: lateral and longitudinal (passing or heading) components of wind speed and / or atmospheric pressure, and / or air temperature, and / or charge temperature, and / or elevation or decrease angle, and / or gravity at a given place, and / or corrections for Earth rotation, and the output the processor or memory unit is associated with the display / displays showing the amendments in the divisions of the sight of the optical sight and / or in the divisions of the limb of the vertical aiming of the sight (for any combination of alternative signs with other signs, the same technical result is provided - making amendments and taking into account their influence on the issued signal), and the range finder and the processor or memory block are turned on by a switch through a time relay. The latter is desirable in order to be able to record the result of the range measurement and communicate it to comrades who do not have a rangefinder.

The optimal location of such a switch is on the trigger within free travel.

The system may have a processor that calculates the range value taking into account the amendments, or it may just have a memory block where all range values up to the maximum with a certain step, for example 0.25 meters, and the corresponding elevation angles are entered. In the latter case, the memory system receives a range from the rangefinder.

Compares it with the closest range in memory and displays corrections corresponding to that range on the display displays. The speed of such a system can be higher than with a processor, which is especially important when shooting at a fast moving target.

In some cases, it is necessary to fix the value of the range before making a shot. For example, when shooting through a window without a rear wall, or when shooting at a fast moving or flying object, when you need to take a lead and take out the line of sight, and hence the line of the laser rangefinder, forward. In both cases, the range finder will show "infinity." That is, you must first aim the range finder on the wall of the building a little further than the window, or on the moving object itself, or, if the object moves along the road, onto the road, and then fix this distance value. And only after that - to shoot, in particular - with the necessary lead.

In order to be able to fix the range defined for one object, when the aiming line is moved to the side, the system has a switch that disables the rangefinder and includes a memory cell that stores the last range value. Such a switch can be located on the trigger within the limits of further free play or on the second handle of the weapon (or on the pedal for artillery). It is desirable to indicate the fixing mode in the form of an LED in the sight of the optical sight, especially if the switch is located on the trigger in the area of the further selection of the free play, which is tactilely weak.

In some cases, it is necessary to make a manual range adjustment, for example, when shooting the same window, or when shooting deep into the bushes, or when shooting at a fast-moving object that does not move strictly on the beam, but approaching or moving away. For example, the line of sight is aimed at the bushes, behind which the enemy took refuge. The range finder determines the distance to the first leaf of this bush, and the shot will turn out flush with the bush, but with a short reach to the enemy. Therefore, the shooter manually adds to the range measured by the range finder several meters, and produces a shot that gets where it is needed.

In order to be able to manually adjust the range, the system has an auxiliary source of range signals, which has three buttons, a single press on two of which adds or decreases the measured range, and long-term pressing includes an incremental change in range (like setting the time in an electronic clock), and the correction is displayed in the field of view of the optical sight, and the third button resets the manual correction. These buttons can be located under the thumb of the right hand on the left side of the rear handle (for right-handers).

In order for the shooter not to be distracted from aiming, the displays of corrections measured in the divisions of the sight of the optical sight can be located in the field of view of the sight of the optical sight. And the display of corrections made on the limb of the vertical aiming of the sight can be located near this limb. A display showing the measured range can also be located there, and structurally it can be the same display.

Corrections in the sight can be shown on one display, for example: H-3,5, L-1,5, +4. Which means that the target should not be in the crosshair, but below it by 3.5 divisions, to the left of it by 1.5 divisions, and there is a manual range correction of +4 meters. However, under the stress and swiftness of modern combat, understanding such a display will take up extra time from the shooter and may cause errors. Therefore, six different displays should be used, and the correction in the divisions of the sighting device is shown on the side of the crosshair in which the target should be located, and the manual range correction is shown at an angle of 45 degrees to the crosshairs to the left or right of it with the corresponding sign and / or color, depending whether it is negative or positive. That is, in the case described above, 3.5 would glow at the bottom of the crosshairs, 1.5 on the left, and +4 would glow red in the right at an angle of 45 degrees (more convenient from the right below). Such an indication of corrections eliminates errors - the shooter moves the target in those directions in which the corrections are lit.

Moreover, if the vertical correction exceeds the field of view of the sight, then the displays work according to the following algorithm: the upper and lower displays equally show the measured range, or zeros (with really zero correction, they do not show anything), or the maximum numbers, or any other insignificant signs, and the correction is shown near the dial of the vertical aiming of the optical sight.

In this case, it would not be out of place to show the range to the target in the sight, but a four-digit display is required, since the maximum range to the target can exceed 1000 meters, and even five-digit for artillery systems. Moreover, if the number of divisions of the vizier is selected no more than 16-20, then you can do with a single-digit display showing numbers by type of zip codes. At the same time, numbers greater than 9 can be shown as follows: 10 - like the letter D, 11 - two sticks, 12 - like a wand and two, 13 - the same, 14 - the same (we get the letter H, 15 - like a stick and five, but five, the lower half should be like a triple (otherwise it will turn out the letter B), 16 - like a stick and a six or like a letter B, 17 - like a stick and a seven, 18 - like a unit with a “nose” and an eight, 19 - like a stick and a nine , 20 - all nine display elements are on.

Let us consider how to introduce the above eight corrections, while the correction for wind is considered as two corrections - along and across the shot.

The adjusters of corrections according to the above parameters can be in the form of a cremallera or a slider with a limb, and can be variable resistors, chokes or capacitors, and resistors (potentiometers) can be of different characteristics (linear, nonlinear) depending on the progression of the changes introduced by this amendment.

The indicated parameters can also be entered by sensors, but this is not always justified. Consider examples of sensors.

The wind sensor can be a weathervane covered with a metal mesh on the barrel of a grenade launcher, with the transfer of its position along two axes to the processor or to the memory unit using remote electric transmission, for example, resistive, capacitive, inductive, synchro, light-emitting diode-damper-photodiode type .

However, the shooter may be in the wind shadow, so the method of introducing the master seems to be more reliable.

But the atmospheric pressure sensor will be very handy. It can be an aneroid with the transfer of its position to the processor or to the memory unit using remote electric transmission, for example, resistive, capacitive, inductive, selsyn, light type "LED-damper-photodiode". The sensor will reduce the number of controls on the grenade launcher panel, which will reduce potential confusion.

The air temperature and charge sensors can be thermocouples or thermistors, including semiconductor ones. However, in a rapidly changing environment, such as when leaving the car in the cold, they can give false readings. Therefore, setters are preferable. Although it is desirable to have a thermometer of any design on the grenade launcher body, showing the temperature of the ambient air.

The elevation or descent angle sensor can be a pendulum in a sealed capsule filled with non-freezing liquid, with its position transferred to the processor or to the memory unit using remote electric transmission, for example, resistive, capacitive, inductive, sync, light-emitting diode-damper-photodiode type ".

The gravity sensor can be a load located on a spring or on a load cell, with the transfer of its position to the processor or to the memory unit using remote electric transmission, for example, resistive, capacitive, inductive, synchro, light-emitting diode-damper-photodiode type. But the error of the sensor will be almost equal to the correction introduced, and it is better to make a correction by the master.

This amendment takes into account the rotation of the Earth. As you know, the acceleration of gravity depends on geographic latitude - at the pole it is maximum, and at the equator - minimum, and the difference is 0.344%. Not so much, but if all the other amendments are made correctly, then it makes sense to introduce it. When the flight time of a grenade (bullet, projectile) is 3 seconds, the correction will be 15 cm, which is essential when aiming at a small target such as a pillbox embrasure.

The “Earth rotation” correction takes into account the addition of the linear speed of the Earth's rotation (at the equator it is 464 m / s) with the average flight speed of a grenade (bullet, projectile). Suppose a shell flew at a certain equator at a distance at an average speed of 836 m / s in the direction of the Earth's rotation — east. That is, its velocity relative to the source of gravity will already be 1300 m / s (from a mathematical point of view, the projectile is a satellite of the Earth moving in an elliptical orbit). Then the centripetal force acting on it will decrease by mV ² / r, that is, by 0.265 N, which is approximately 2.7% of the acceleration of gravity at the latitude of Moscow. This is already a significant miss - in the case considered above with a grenade flying for 3 seconds, the miss will be 1.2 meters in height compared with a shot to the north or south. That is, you can’t even fall into such a relatively large goal as the window of the building.

When shooting west, the miss will be about 15 cm top, and when shooting south or north, this correction is zero. Only gravity correction is taken into account.

The Earth rotation correction sensor can be a magnetic or gyroscopic compass with the transfer of its position to the processor or to the memory unit using remote electric transmission, for example, capacitive or light type “LED-shutter-photodiode”. Resistive, inductive and selsynny gears are practically not applicable here because of the small torque of the sensor and the influence of magnetic fields on the magnetic needle or gyroscope. Therefore, it is more advisable to use a switch calibrated in the cardinal directions.

To correct for lead when firing at a fast-moving target, a grenade launcher may have a hinged collimator sight, which is especially useful within a direct flight of a grenade.

This version of the system works like this. Let's say the task is to hit a flying helicopter with a grenade with a non-contact laser fuse according to Pat No. 2412427, which automatically detonates a grenade at a minimum distance from the target (up to half a kilometer). The shooter enters all corrections in advance except those that are entered automatically. Then he selects a part of the free stroke of the trigger, and the range finder is turned on. Then he points the crosshairs at the helicopter, selects part of the trigger’s free travel, the range finder is turned on, and presses the trigger on the front handle, thereby fixing the measured range. Then, taking into account the estimated speed of the helicopter, it moves the aiming region of the sight (it does not coincide with the crosshairs) forward of the helicopter to the corresponding number of divisions of the sight, or, if the field of view of the optical sight is small (but not enough), then the corresponding number of divisions of the hinged collimator sight, and taking into account the lateral corrections indicated on the display in the sight (for quick conversion of the divisions of the sight into divisions of the collimator sight, the latter should be exactly 10 times larger). A shot is being fired. When flying at a minimum distance or with a direct hit, the grenade explodes.

As you can see, to aim the grenade launcher at the target, the arrow has to be pointed not by the crosshair, but by the “aiming area” (see above “below 3.5, left 1.5”), which is quite difficult, and the need to transfer corrections from the sight to the collimator sight is even more complicates the task of the shooter. That is why the options 2 and 3 considered below are appropriate.

Such a system, together with the indicated grenade, is a good substitute for portable anti-aircraft missile systems at distances of up to a kilometer and at an altitude of up to 500 m. The estimated probability of a helicopter being hit by a 76 mm caliber grenade by an experienced shooter when shooting “sideways” is 25%, when shooting towards or after - 75% The estimated probability of destruction of attack aircraft is 10% and 30%, respectively. The mentioned grenade, modernized so that it explodes when moving away from the target, together with this system, you can also hit the enemy in the window of a multi-storey building or behind a ledge of a rock - the grenade will explode by flying through the window frame or by flying through the crest of the rock.

The grenade, which has an aerodynamic design according to US Pat. No. 2439376 and equipped with a homing system according to US Pat. No. 2400590 - the probability of hitting at a distance of 1.5 km and an altitude of up to 1 km by helicopters will increase to 95%, and by aircraft - up to 80%.

OPTION 2. The most simple of the grenade launcher control system considered above was described. It provides only an indication of the sighting data, but not their installation. Of course, under stressful combat conditions, it would be desirable to enter sighting data automatically. Then the shooter will only have to aim the crosshairs of the sight on the target and produce a shot. The most difficult task for him would remain to account for lead when shooting at moving targets. But a great help to the shooter will be a system that automatically sets at least the elevation angle.

For this, the system has an electric mechanism for setting the elevation angle associated with the output of the processor or memory block, and the mechanism has its position sensor, the output from which is fed to the input of the processor or memory block (with any combination of alternative features with other features, the same technical the result is corrections and taking into account their influence on the output signal), as well as the output of the processor or memory block is connected to the side correction displays. This version of the system works like this: the shooter points the grenade launcher at the target primarily with a horizontal line and then shifts the aiming point along it to the left or right in accordance with the indication of the side displays.

OPTION 3. It is even better to automatically make lateral corrections. For this, the grenade launcher control system contains a laser rangefinder, the output of which is connected to the input of the processor or memory unit, and the output of the processor or memory unit is connected to electrical mechanisms for setting the elevation angle and side-aiming, and the mechanisms have their position sensors, the output of which goes back to the input processor or memory block. Displays of vertical and lateral corrections in this case are not needed, only the displays (or one display) of the manual range correction and the LED for the inclusion of range fixing should remain in the sight.

This version of the system works similarly to option 1, but you can aim the weapon at an immovable target with a crosshair, and when shooting at moving targets, you can preempt by moving forward not the “aiming area”, but the crosshair of the sight, including the collimator, which is much more convenient and dramatically increases probability of hitting a target.

Claims (4)

1. The grenade launcher control system, comprising a laser rangefinder, the output of which is connected to the input of the processor or memory block, has a wind sensor, atmospheric pressure sensor and gravity sensor, characterized in that it has an auxiliary source of range signals, which has three buttons, a single press on two of which add or reduce the measured range, and long-term pressing includes an incremental change, the correction being displayed in the field of view of the optical sight, and the third button resets the manual button mandrel, and these buttons are located under the thumb of the right hand on the left side of the rear handle. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the wind sensor is a weathervane covered with a metal mesh on the barrel of a grenade launcher with the transfer of its position in two axes to the processor or to the memory unit using remote electrical transmission, for example, resistive, capacitive, inductive, sync , light type "LED-damper-photodiode". 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the atmospheric pressure sensor is an aneroid with the transfer of its position to the processor or to the memory unit using remote electrical transmission, for example, resistive, capacitive, selsyn, inductive, light type "LED-damper- photodiode. " 4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the gravity sensor is a load located on a spring or strain gauge, with the transfer of its position to the processor or to the memory unit using remote electrical transmission, for example, resistive, capacitive, inductive, sync , light type "LED-damper-photodiode".