RU2816131C1 - Method of performing fire tasks with compiling individual tables of gun firing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to execution of fire tasks by artillery gun equipped with automated fire control means. Method of performing fire tasks with compilation of individual tables of gun firing consists in the fact that when performing fire tasks into on-board computer memory, with software for processing results of external ballistic tests and calculation of ballistic characteristics of projectiles, entering the current firing tables (FT). Using median errors of determining initial velocity of projectile (V₀) by artillery ballistic station (ABS), errors of meteorological preparation, median errors of determination of firing range and range of explosions. Individual ballistic characteristics of the gun are taken into account, the median error of the proposed method (E_PM) is calculated and compared with the median error of the existing method of compiling the FT (E_FT). When the value of E_PM is less than E_FT, the initial data are specified for compilation of individual FT of the gun after each shot.

EFFECT: higher accuracy of fire, reduced consumption of ammunition and time of fire mission to 30%.

1 cl, 5 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The claimed invention relates to the field of performing fire missions with an artillery gun equipped with automated fire control means. The claimed invention can be implemented by introducing into the automated gun guidance control system (on-board computer), equipped with satellite navigation equipment, an artillery ballistic station, programs in the form of additional mathematical algorithms, provided that the firing of this gun is accompanied by meteorological support, reconnaissance means that allow determining coordinates of the target and shell explosions, with automatic calculation of corrections and their transfer to the gun via communication channels. Currently, there is no known method for performing fire missions taking into account errors in the firing tables (TS) of an artillery gun.

There is a known method for shooting and compiling modern TS for all guns of a particular type.

TS is a technical document developed based on the results of special table firing during external ballistic tests. The basis for compiling the TS is an experimental-theoretical method, the essence of which is that the calculation of projectile movement parameters is calculated using mathematical models that make up the external ballistics apparatus, implemented in regulatory and technical documentation (state and industry standards), and programs created on their basis , and the initial data for calculations are established based on the results of table shooting. During these shootings, through statistical processing and analysis of their results, the initial data for compiling the vehicle is established. It is quite obvious that with this method, the accuracy of the vehicle, and, consequently, the accuracy of calculating firing settings based on it, directly depends on:

1. Volume of tests (number of shots fired)

2. The accuracy of the measuring and recording instruments used during testing, the number of tools used, the quality of testing equipment, navigation, meteorological and other types of test support.

3. The quality of scientific and methodological support and tests carried out on its basis, the accuracy of processing measurement results and their analysis, based on the results of which the initial data for drawing up the technical equipment and personnel qualifications are established.

The following are used as initial data for compiling the TS:

- the mass of the projectile and its geometric dimensions;

- volume of the charging chamber;

- length of the rifled part of the barrel;

- initial projectile velocity V ₀ ;

- projectile departure angle in the vertical and horizontal planes;

- coefficient i of the projectile shape according to the standard or individual law of air resistance;

- derivation coefficient K _Z or derivation coordination coefficient I _Z ;

- projectile dispersion coefficient. Modern vehicles can be presented in three types:

1. Publication in the form of a book or brochure containing the main tabular dependence (the dependence of the projectile’s flight range on the throwing angle) in the form of corrections to the range and direction, for deviations of firing conditions from normal (tabular) ones, additional tables and reference information.

2. In the form of polynomials, usually of degree 2. The inputs for solving the problem are range and initial speed.

3. In the form of a mathematical algorithm for calculating the main tabular dependence and corrections. These are computer programs for solving a system of equations of projectile motion using the numerical integration method.

Ballistic parameters approved as initial data for calculating the vehicle are used as initial conditions for solving the system of equations of projectile motion.

The disadvantage of the method is that all of the above types of vehicle representation are united by the fact that they are compiled for some average, virtual instrument of a given sample; throughout their entire period of operation they remain unchanged. There is no possibility of their clarification; the initial data for their compilation are adjusted only based on the results of test firings carried out at intervals of at least 10 years. In addition, TS contain all the averaged values of the ballistic characteristics of the guns from which the table firing was carried out and which may have significant differences from a specific gun of a given sample, especially in the angles of projectile departure. Only part of the individual characteristics of guns can be taken into account when using tabular corrections. The ballistic features of guns of the same type arise due to the influence of tolerance fields on the manufacture of parts, assembly and adjustment of gun mechanisms during production and operation. For economic and time reasons, table shooting is carried out in a limited volume, which affects their accuracy.

The essence of the claimed invention lies in the fact that, after completing each fire task, the initial data underlying the compilation of individual gun vehicles is constantly updated and, on this basis, the shooting accuracy is constantly increased, ammunition consumption and the time to complete the fire task are reduced. Taking into account the individual ballistic characteristics of a particular gun of a given type occurs automatically, since only the result of firing carried out from a given gun is used. The method involves the use of the capabilities of modern (promising) artillery guns and means of firing, as well as automatic processing and accounting of the results of the entire volume of firing made from the gun during its operation, to obtain initial data and, based on them, calculate the parameters of the projectile trajectory.

The pictures show:

Fig. 1. The composition of the technical means necessary to implement the method of compiling individual gun firing tables, taking into account the individual ballistic characteristics of the gun:

1. automated gun guidance control system (on-board computer);

2. artillery gun;

3. mobile radio direction-finding meteorological complex;

4. artillery ballistic station;

5. firing enemy artillery gun;

6. an artillery shell “emerging” from the barrel;

7. artillery shell explosion;

8. satellite navigation equipment;

9. ground artillery reconnaissance station.

The arrows show the interaction of technical means with the on-board computer when performing fire missions.

Fig.3. Approximate maximum achievable accuracy of firing tables, taking into account the life of the gun. Columns 4, 5, 10-17 indicate shots fired with shells of the same ballistic variant.

Fig. 4. Changes in average vehicle errors when shooting different numbers of groups of shots.

Fig. 5. Analytical assessment of errors in TS 152 mm G 2A65 and 152 mm SG 2S19 with the OF45 projectile.

To assess the effectiveness of this proposal, an analytical assessment of the accuracy of modern vehicles was carried out.

The table (Fig. 5) presents an assessment of the accuracy of the TS 152-mm howitzer 2A65, 152-mm self-propelled howitzer 2S19 (TS RG 187) with the OF45 high-explosive fragmentation projectile on LONG-RANGE, FULL, SECOND and FOUR charges.

When assessing the accuracy, an analytical method was used, the essence of which is that when calculating the average errors of the vehicle, the accuracy characteristics of field measuring and recording instruments were used. When calculating vehicle errors, calculation errors were not taken into account. The median measurement errors during table shooting are presented in the table of Fig. 5. When calculating errors using the proposed method, it was assumed that the errors of ballistic and meteorological support (columns 5, 6, 7, 8 of Fig. 5) will be the same as the polygon means, and the errors of topographical reference E _TP = 30 m (column 12), errors in determining the range of ruptures (E _D =0.2%D), which are significantly larger than similar polygon values and correspond to errors that accompany the use of a weapon for its intended purpose.

Analysis of the results presented in the table (Fig. 5) shows that when firing a group of shots in the amount of 7-8 shots with projectiles of the same ballistic variant at the same or similar ranges (the difference in ranges does not exceed 8 Vd), the accuracy of the proposed method is worse than the existing one by approximately 1. 5 times (columns 9, 10 and 13, 14 of Fig.5). The result is expected, since the accuracy of topographic reference and determination of the distance of ruptures is much worse than in the existing method. It is quite obvious that as groups of shots are fired, the accuracy of the proposed method will first become equal to the existing one, and then the error in determining the range will become less than its value with the existing method and will decrease with further firing.

In this case, it is necessary to find out at what firing this will happen and how this relates to the life of the gun.

The table (Fig. 4) presents the values of the median range errors obtained from the results of shooting 3 groups at each elevation angle carried out at the training ground, essentially this is the accuracy of the vehicle (columns 4.5 (Fig. 4), as well as the values errors in ranges using the proposed method, when shooting different numbers of groups of shots (columns 8-19, Fig.4).

From the analysis of the data presented in the table (Fig. 4), it follows that in terms of accuracy in determining the firing range, the proposed method matches the accuracy characteristics of the existing method when firing 6-7 groups of shots (columns 16, 17, 18, 19 of Fig. 4). If we take into account only shooting on LONG-RANGE and FULL charges (firing on reduced charges does not lead to a significant reduction in resource), then the total firing, until the required level of accuracy is achieved, will be approximately 500 shots, which is less than a third of the resource.

As the shooting progresses, the TS error decreases and by the end of the gun’s life it is reduced to 30-40% relative to the existing method (Table 3, columns 18, 19).

The implementation of the method is achieved as follows.

The gun's on-board computer is supplemented with software that is used at artillery test sites to process the results of external ballistic tests and calculate the ballistic characteristics of projectiles. Each shot fired from a gun is processed using the specified programs, with experimental values of projectile mass, initial projectile velocity, throwing angle, its flight range, and ballistic characteristics are calculated under real meteorological firing conditions. The information is accumulated in the computer's memory and is automatically updated after each shooting. The median errors in determining ballistic parameters using an analytical method are calculated. The calculation uses the median errors in determining the initial speed, the median errors in determining the firing range of an artillery ballistic station (instrumental error), and errors in meteorological preparation for firing. Errors E _PS in determining ballistic parameters using the proposed method are compared with similar values indicated in columns 4, 5 of the table (Fig. 4) E _TS (these errors must be entered into the computer’s memory along with loading it with valid TS). The information is stored in the computer's memory.

When the condition E _PS is less than E _TS , an automatic clarification of the initial data occurs, taking into account the number of shots for which the initial data is calculated and the number of shots fired at a close elevation angle by a given ballistic version of the projectile when compiling the TS. From this moment on, the initial data for compiling the vehicle is clarified after each shot.

The technical result obtained by implementing the invention is to increase shooting accuracy, reduce ammunition consumption and time to complete a fire mission by up to 30%.

Literature

1. “Rules for shooting and fire control of ground artillery”, put into effect by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces dated February 1, 2011 No. 8.

2. “Shooting and fire control”, textbook. St. Petersburg, МВАА edition 2013.

3. “Shooting and fire control”, 41. textbook. St. Petersburg, МВАА edition 2017, p. 276.

4. Firing tables for the 122-mm howitzer D-30 No. 145, fourth edition.

Claims (1)

A method of performing fire tasks with the compilation of individual gun firing tables, which consists in the fact that when performing fire tasks, the current fire tables (TS) are entered into the memory of the on-board computer, with software for processing the results of external ballistic tests and calculating the ballistic characteristics of projectiles, using median errors determining the initial velocity of a projectile (V ₀ ) by an artillery ballistic station (ABS), meteorological preparation errors, median errors in determining the firing range and explosion range, taking into account the individual ballistic characteristics of the gun, calculating the median error in determining the ballistic parameters (E _PS ), comparing it with the median error current firing range tables (E _TS ) and when the value of E _PS reaches less than E _TS , the initial data for compiling individual TS of the gun is clarified after each shot.

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