RU2755794C1 - Floating railway bridge - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: bridge construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of bridge construction and, in particular, to floating bridges used for high-speed guidance of combined railway and road bridge crossings over wide and deep-water barriers for the period of restoration of destroyed capital bridges, liquidation of the consequences of natural and man-made emergencies. A pontoon railway bridge, along its length, made of transitional parts, river part and coastal parts, including pontoons, fastened together in the longitudinal direction by coupling devices and railway track rails. As pontoons of the river and transitional parts, pontoons assembled from used railway tanks, their frames and clamps, frames of fitting platforms were used, while the tanks are fixed to the frames of tanks by means of clamps on welding with the formation of sections connected by means of frames of tanks and frames of fitting platforms welded into the pontoons of the coastal and river parts, which are combined into a tape by means of rallying beams, rails and couplings in the form of automatic couplings on tank frames. Each of the pontoons consists of three pairs of tanks, connected at the top along the length of the bridge by means of five tank frames and clamps. On top of five frames of tanks, perpendicular to the location of the latter, four frames of fitting platforms are fixed, on which on top of the length of the bridge are installed: in the center of the pontoon, rails for the train, and along the edges of the pontoon, there are tracks from rails for wheeled and tracked vehicles. Each of the pontoons contains two elements to ensure the rigidity of the conjugation of adjacent pontoons, in the form of a package of metal beams from the frames of the fitting platforms, fixed with brackets and shifted by a winch to the adjacent pontoon, thus forming a continuous strip of the floating bridge. As elements of the longitudinal fastening of the bridge, automatic couplings are used, which are available on both sides of the five tank frames. At the same time, each of the pontoons contains railings made of stairs of railway tanks and as a coastal part, temporary berths arranged in advance or erected with inventory approaches from pre-erected railway tracks collected from decommissioned, used, railway rails and sleepers are used.

EFFECT: creation of a simplified design of a temporary river railway crossing near a faulty railway bridge, which significantly reduces labor and material costs, and also reduces the time for its construction using used decommissioned elements of the railway infrastructure - wagons and railway sleepers and rails.

7 cl, 13 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of bridge construction and, in particular, to floating bridges used for the passage of railway rolling stock and high-speed guidance of combined railway and road bridge crossings over wide and deep water barriers for the period of destruction, reconstruction or restoration of destroyed capital bridges during the elimination of the consequences of natural and technogenic character.

The claimed technical solution relates to floating bridges and can be used for the operational construction of a ferry for cars, military equipment and trains.

Known PPS-84 (Special Pontoon Park) [1] consisting of river and coastal links, pavement and towing motor boats. The river part of the bridge consists of bridge pontoons with inter-pontoon devices and mechanisms. Coastal link for equipment of the Crossings between the floating part of the bridge and the coast. The coastal link includes: pontoons, gangways, inter-pontoon mechanisms and devices. The pavement is designed to reinforce bridge entrances in soft soils.

The disadvantages of the PPS-84 design are that the assembly of the bridge requires highly qualified personnel, considerable time for the delivery and assembly of structures, while significant material and labor costs are required.

Known floating railway bridge NZhM-56 [2] with separate road and rail passages. The pontoon bridge consists of a river section, two transitional and two coastal sections. The river section of the bridge consists of articulated bridge pontoons. The onshore superstructure is assembled from three assembly blocks. The transitional part provides a smooth passage of the rolling stock from the coastal to the river part.

The disadvantages of the construction of the NZHM-56 bridge are that such a bridge requires considerable time for installation and large labor and material costs. The water depth in the pontoons should be at least 1.2 m for rocky soils and at least 1 m for soft ones. The bottom near the coast, folded by sandy soils, needs to be cleaned of objects that can pierce the pontoon skin when it is submerged under the train, as well as a large number of bolts during assembly, the unreliability of the transverse fastening of the bridge and the lack of inventory structures for communication with the coast.

Known "Pontoon railway bridge" [3], selected as a prototype, which includes pontoons, fastened together in the longitudinal direction and rails of a railway track, made in length from transition parts, river part and coastal parts of the bridge, river part, consisting of pontoons, with elements of transverse fastening, coastal parts, consisting of two tower lifting frame-screw supports, transitional pontoons with rails, elements of longitudinal fastening of the bridge and inventory approaches to it. The pontoons are connected by bottom and deck transverse locking devices. There are anchors on the outer pontoons.

By analogy with the considered solution, a floating bridge MYAZH-VF-VT has now been adopted for service [6].

The disadvantages of a floating railway bridge are that such a bridge requires considerable time to transport structures to the installation site, time for installation and dismantling, and high labor and material costs.

It is known "Link of a floating structure" according to the author's certificate RU 186018 dated 10/05/2017, IPC В63В 35/36, E01D 15/14, SPK В63В 35/36 - [4], containing a pontoon with inter-pontoon docking devices located on the deck and the bottom, while the bottom inter-pontoon butt devices are made in the form of an ear and a fork with a locking pin, which can be folded with an adjacent link, equipped with an anchor device with a winch, and has a driveway and pedestrian decks with separation by rails and fenders.

The disadvantages of the "Link of a floating structure" are that, in general, the structure is labor-intensive and material-intensive, difficult to assemble and requires qualified personnel for installation. Also, the presence of a large number of complex connectors makes it difficult to assemble and dismantle the bridge.

It is known "River link of a floating railway bridge", according to the author's certificate RU 2575293 dated 09.10.2014, IPC E01D 15/14 - [5], including pontoons, fastened together in the longitudinal and transverse directions by deck and bottom coupling devices and rail tracks, with pontoons of the river link with three frames with watertight walls mounted between their transverse frames, forming culverts along the entire width of the river link.

The disadvantages of the "River link of a floating railway bridge" are insufficient reliability of the coupled links due to imperfection of the locking pin drive, high material consumption and laboriousness of structures, and the link also requires significant time to transport structures to the installation site, time for installation and dismantling.

The disadvantages of the prototype and analogs pose the problem of creating a "floating railway bridge" for the passage of railway rolling stock, wheeled and tracked vehicles during the destruction or reconstruction of capital bridges over wide and deep water barriers of a simple design that allows the crossing in a short time with the use of insignificant material costs.

The limiting features of the claimed technical solution in common with the prototype device are as follows: a floating railway bridge, along its length made of transitional parts, a river part and coastal parts, including pontoons, fastened together in the longitudinal direction by coupling devices and railway track rails.

It is supposed to use the declared "Pontoon railway bridge" in the construction of a pontoon bridge for the passage of railway rolling stock, wheeled and tracked vehicles during the destruction or reconstruction of capital bridges over wide and deep water barriers.

At the same time, for its implementation, it is supposed to apply:

- as a river link consisting of pontoons - pontoons assembled from decommissioned, used, railway tanks, metal frames from tanks, frames of fitting platforms and rails;

- as elements of longitudinal fastening - an automatic coupling device available on the metal frames of used tanks, as well as metal beams made from discarded frames of fitting platforms and rails;

- as a railway track - used, decommissioned rails.

The essence of the claimed technical solution lies in the fact that the floating railway bridge is formed from transition and river links, consisting of pontoons. At the same time, pontoons are assembled from decommissioned, used railway tanks, metal frames from tanks and fitting platforms and rails. The fastening of the bridge parts is carried out using an automatic coupling device available on the metal frames of the tanks.

The technical result is the creation of a simplified design of a temporary river railway crossing near a faulty railway bridge, excluding the transportation of known standard MLZH-VF-VT or NZHM-56 to the place of its installation, which significantly reduces labor and material costs, and also reduces the time for its construction and disassembly through the use of used decommissioned elements of the railway infrastructure - wagons and railway sleepers and rails.

Used decommissioned wagons and rails are remelted (disposed of) and used for the manufacture of new metal structures. The process of recycling and manufacturing new structures entails significant labor, material and energy costs, which can be avoided by using decommissioned materials from the railway infrastructure for the construction of a floating bridge. A significant amount of materials are written off annually, in 2017 10,380 tanks were written off [4], in 2018 Russian Railways replaced 2 thousand kilometers of railway tracks [5].

Currently, there are more than 10 thousand railway bridges in Russia. A significant number of them are bridges over wide and deep water barriers, and they require cover in case of destruction during hostilities or an emergency. To ensure the continuity of movement across wide and deep water obstacles, there is a fleet of floating bridges, but their number is limited, and they require a significant time for delivery and assembly.

The use of materials of the railway infrastructure in a specific place allows you to determine in advance the materials and structures necessary for the construction of the bridge. At the same time, the construction time is significantly reduced, and as a result of the storage of the floating bridge on the shore at the place of its construction, labor and material costs are reduced.

The claimed technical solution is illustrated by drawings:

FIG. 1 a) shows a top view of the transition and river links of a floating railway bridge, a berth, and in Fig. 1 b) - section of the transitional and river links of a floating railway bridge with a berth along a-a.

FIG. 2 a) shows a variant of using a floating railway bridge for the passage of a train, in Fig. 2 b) a variant with the use of a floating railway bridge for the passage of vehicles in two lanes.

FIG. 3 a) is a top view of the pontoon of the river part, in Fig. 3 b) - section of the pontoon of the river part along b-b, and in Fig. 3 c) - section of the pontoon of the river part along the east-east.

FIG. 4 a) is a top view of the river link, Fig. 4 b) is a cross section of the river link along z-d, and in Fig. 4 c) - longitudinal section of the river link of the pontoon of the river part along the d-d.

FIG. 5 shows an automatic coupler for the primary connection of pontoons when assembling a bridge.

FIG. 6 shows a standard clamp for fastening the tank to the car frame.

FIG. 7 shows the initial structures for the assembly of a floating bridge - a railway tank car.

FIG. 8 shows the initial structure for the assembly of the floating bridge - the fitting platform.

FIG. 9 shows a link of a river pontoon for assembling a floating bridge.

FIG. 10 shows a 2-link pontoon assembly.

FIG. 11 shows the device of flooring from the frames of the fitting platforms.

FIG. 12 shows a pontoon ready for pre-assembly.

FIG. 13 shows a floating railway bridge, ready for the passage of road and rail transport.

Additionally, Figures 1 ... 4, 9 ... 12 indicate: 1 - transition pontoon; 2 - pontoon of the river part; 3 - berth; 4 - locomotive; 5 - rail; 6 - tanks; 7 - tank frame, 8 - fitting platform frame; 9 - automatic coupler, 10 - support of the transition pontoon to the berth; 11 - rallying beam, 12 - standard clamp, 13 - flooring for the passage of vehicles, 14 - pontoon fencing.

For the device of the transition pontoon (1) and the pontoon of the river part (2) of the floating railway bridge (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2), decommissioned, used railway tanks (6), metal frames of tanks (7), standard clamps (12) were used , frames of fitting platforms (8), joining beams (11) from metal frames of fitting platforms and rails (5). The coastal part is made in the form of a berth (3) with a support for the transition pontoon (10). A locomotive (4) or motor transport can move along a floating railway bridge.

The procedure for the construction of a floating railway bridge.

At the first stage, the landing site of the floating railway bridge is selected, its dimensions are determined depending on the relief of the coastal zone and the depths of the water barrier, a project is drawn up, the necessary materials are procured from used cars and track elements - metal frames of tanks (7), fitting platforms (8 ), rails (5), railway tanks (b) standard clamps (12). All technological openings in the tank (6) are sealed.

At the second stage, berths (3) are arranged on both sides of the water barrier with access railway tracks, which can be carried out both in advance and during the construction of a floating railway bridge. In parallel, sections of pontoons are assembled (Fig. 4 and Fig. 9), which are combined into transition pontoons (1) (Fig. 12) and pontoons of the river part (2) (Fig. 1 and Fig. 3). The fastening of the tank (6) to the frame of the tank (7) is performed using a standard clamp (12) for welding (Fig. 9). The obtained sections (Fig. 4 and Fig. 9) are combined by means of the tank frame (7) (Fig. 10) and the frames of the fitting platform (8) (Fig. 11) by welding into the pontoons of the coastal (1) and river parts (2) (Fig. 3 and Fig. 12).

Afloat, by boats, pontoons (1, 2) (Fig. 12) with the help of automatic couplings (9), rallying beams (11) and rail tracks (5) on bolted joints, are combined into a tape, which is attached to the support (10) of the berth (3), on the pontoons, a flooring for pedestrians is arranged, made of the walls of covered wagons, by welding. On the edges of the pontoons, a fence made of stairs from railway tanks is arranged (14).

At the final stage, the tape of the pontoon railway bridge (Fig. 13) is anchored for transverse anchoring against the pressure of water and wind. After the end of operation, the dismantling of the floating railway bridge is carried out in the reverse order.

Thus, the use of the proposed scheme makes it possible to erect a floating railway bridge in a short time, which does not require significant labor and material costs using decommissioned, used railway track elements - metal frames of tanks and fitting platforms, railway tanks, rails and sleepers.

With this method of constructing a floating railway bridge, we obtain a structure that does not require expensive materials and structures for the construction, which is important in conditions of emergencies and supplying troops during combat operations.

A significant reduction in the material costs of funds is achieved through the use of decommissioned, used cars (Fig. 7 and Fig. 8) and track elements - metal frames of tanks and fitting platforms, rails, railway tank containers, and in case of war and seized from the railway ...

The proposed solution for a floating railway bridge has been tested for buoyancy and stability. Calculations have shown that the pontoon, when passing the train, has the required buoyancy and stability.

The proposed technical design solution is aimed at solving logistic problems in the event of emergencies and during the conduct of hostilities.

Thus, the device of a floating railway bridge in conjunction with the features of the claims (the essence of the invention) is new for floating bridge structures, therefore, it meets the criterion of "novelty".

The above set of distinctive features is not known at this level of development of technology and does not follow from the well-known rules for the design of floating railway bridges, which proves compliance with the criterion of "inventive step".

The constructive implementation of the proposed technical solution with the specified set of essential features does not present any structural, technical and technological difficulties, from which follows the compliance with the criterion of "industrial applicability".

Literature:

1. Pontoon park special PPS-84. Book 1. The material part of the park. Moscow. Military Publishing. 1990

2. Floating railway bridge NZhM-56. Technical description and instructions for installation, transportation, storage and operation - M .: Voenizdat, 1977.

3. Patent for invention RU 2158331 C1 dated 04/17/2000, IPC E01D 15/14 - "Floating railway bridge". - prototype.

6. The use of the MLZh-VF-VT floating bridge in the elimination of the consequences of crisis situations. - Kirov, Publishing House ANO DPO "Interregional Center for Innovative Technologies in Education", 2019.

Claims (7)

1. A floating railway bridge, made of transitional parts, river part and coastal parts in length, including pontoons, fastened together in the longitudinal direction by coupling devices and railway track rails, characterized in that pontoons assembled from used rail tank cars, their frames and clamps, fitting platform frames, while the tanks are fixed to the tank frames by means of clamps on welding with the formation of sections connected by means of tank frames and fitting platform frames on welding into the pontoons of the coastal and river parts, which united into a belt by means of rafting beams, rails and couplings in the form of automatic couplings on tank frames. 2. A floating railway bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the pontoons consists of three pairs of tanks, united from above along the length of the bridge by means of five frames of tanks and clamps. 3. A floating railway bridge according to clause 2, characterized in that four frames of fitting platforms are fixed on top of the five frames of tanks perpendicular to the location of the latter, on which there are rails for a railway train in the center of the pontoon, and at the edges of the pontoon the tracks are made of rails for wheeled and tracked vehicles. 4. A floating railway bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the pontoons contains two elements to ensure the rigidity of the conjugation of adjacent pontoons, in the form of a package of metal beams from the frames of the fitting platforms, fixed by brackets and shifted by a winch onto an adjacent pontoon, forming, thus, the continuous tape of the floating bridge. 5. A floating railway bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that automatic coupling devices are used as elements of the longitudinal fastening of the bridge, which are available on both sides of the five tank frames. 6. A pontoon railway bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the pontoons contains a railing made of ladders of railway tanks. 7. A floating railway bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that, as the coastal part, temporary berths arranged in advance or newly erected with inventory approaches and pre-erected railway tracks collected from decommissioned, used railroad rails and sleepers are used.

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